Analog Low-Voltage Current-Mode Implementation of Digital Logic Gates

In this letter a new technique is introduced for implementing the basic logic functions using analog current-mode techniques. By expanding the logic functions in power series expressions, and using summers and multipliers, realization of the basic logic functions is simplified. Since no transistors are working in saturation, the problem of fan-out is alleviated. To illustrate the proposed technique, a circuit for simultaneous realization of the logic functions NOT, OR, NAND and XOR is considered. SPICE simulation results, obtained with 3 V supply, are include

Parametric Amplification/Mixing Using the Varactor Diode

This paper deals with the large-signal analysis of parametric amplification/mixing using reverse biased p-n junction varactor diodes. Expressions are obtained for the current components of the parametric amplification/mixing. The special case of relatively small input amplitudes is considered and the results are compared with previously published results

A proanthocyanidin from cinnamomum zeylanicum stimulates phosphorylation of insulin receptor in 3t3-l1 adipocytes

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is due to in large part to insulin resistance, a state where the target cells are no longer responding to ordinary levels of circulating insulin. A drug that promotes the initiation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling by enhancing IR phosphorylation should be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. To investigate a compound that is able to phosphorylate IR, a proanthocyanidin, cinnamtannin B1, has been isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae). The structure of the compound was established by spectroscopic methods. Cinnamtannin B1 (0.11 mM) activates the phosphorylation of insulin receptor â-subunit on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Like insulin, cinnamtannin B1-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor was inhibited by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of the glucose transporter (GLUT4); otherwise the phosphorylation was enhanced by vanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. These results suggest that the activity of cinnamtannin B1 is specially mediated by phosphorylation of IR through activation of the PI3K

On The Realization of Low/High Frequency CCII+ Based Oscillators Employing Grounded Resistors and Lossy Capacitors

New RC oscillator circuits are presented. Each circuit uses two second-generation positive current-conveyors, three grounded capacitors and four grounded resistors. The circuits enjoy independent control of the frequency and the condition of oscillation and are very attractive for integration. The circuits can realize high and low frequencies of oscillation. Simulation results are included

A Programmable Reference-Voltage Source

A simple circuit for realizing a current(voltage)-controlled reference voltage is presented. The feasibility of obtaining a temperature-insensitive reference voltage is explored. SPICE simulation results are included

Bioactivity -guided isolation of antimicrobial agent from Coleus amboinicus Lour (Torbangun)

The leaves of Coleus amboinicus from Indonesia (CAL-I) and from Malaysia, Coleus aromaticus (CAT-M), Pogostemon cablin (PC-M), Coleus blumei–red leaves (CBR-M), Coleus amboinicus– (CAL-M) Coleus blumei –purple leaves (CBP-M) were collected from different localities, freeze dried and extracted with aqueous methanol. The biological activity in vitro, especially in relation to total phenolic & flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were studied. Total phenolic content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method whilst antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by making use of macro dilution and disc diffusion methods on two gram positive bacteria, two gram negative bacteria and on fungus as well. Furthermore, the toxicity was also assessed for the extracts by performing acute toxicity test. The phenolic content among the six Lamiaceae leaves extract showed significant difference (p<0.05) in result ranging from 55.21 - 95.17 mg GAE/g of dried samples. Pogostemon cablin (PC-M) had the highest content of phenolic followed by C. blumei (CBP-M). There were significant differences (p<0.05) of IC50 value of six Lamiaceae leaves extract ranging from 10.5 – 34.1 µg/ml. Among the species studied, Coleus amboinicus (CAL-M) and Pogostemon cablin (PC-M) showed higher antioxidant activity compared to the other leaves extracts. All leaves extracts showed activity at least against one strain of bacteria and result showed significant difference (p<0.05) between activities on the microorganism studied. On the contrary, all of the leaves extracts were not effective against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all leaves extracts ranged from 1.0–2.0 mg/ml in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, E. Coli, P. aeruginosa and B.subtilis. The acute toxicity test using C. Blumei leaves extract showed that there was no mortality of animals recorded at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. This study shows that the extracts can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent without having the toxic effect

A Novel Mixed-Mode CCII-Based Filter

A new mixed-mode biquad circuit is presented. The circuit uses five second-generation current conveyors, seven resistors, and two grounded capacitors and can realize lowpass, highpass, bandpass , notch, lowpass notch, highpass notch and allpass responses from the same topology. The circuit can be driven by voltage or current and its output can be voltage or current. The parameters ωo and ωo/Qo enjoy independent electronic tunability. Simulation results are included

A Comparative Study of Allameh Tabatabai's Interpretive View with Al-Manar Commentators About Miracles of the Revival of the Birds and the Pregnancy of Mary

With the emergence of the new current of separatist in the contemporary era, the scientific and intellectual view of the verses of the Holy Quran has become more prominent. Muhammad Abdu One of the pioneers of this view, tried to have a balanced encounter with the Quranic scientific verses and the Qur'anic extraordinary affairs, so in some cases it accepted without explanation and even rejected the scientific justifications of others and in addition to accepting the appearance of the verse, He also considers scientific and rational justification possible and has finally abandoned the appearance of the verses in the third category and has completely begun to interpret them. The interpretative views of this encounter have been critically evaluated and interpreted in the interpretation of Al-Mizan. Allameh Tabatabai has often tried to reject or weaken those interpretations and tried to provide a rational and philosophical explanation of the extraordinary affairs.The subject of the present article is a comparative study of the views of two mentioned commentators on the matters of the revival of birds and the pregnancy of Maryam in the Holy Quran

Evaluation of land suitability for the development of Hiyung cayenne pepper in Hiyung Village, Tapin Tengah District, South Kalimantan

Hiyung Village is one of the centers of agricultural production, especially cayenne pepper.  The advantage of Hiyung cayenne pepper is its spiciness which has capcaisin compound of 94.5 thousand ppm. It is 17 times spicier than cayenne pepper in general.  The success of agricultural cultivation is greatly influenced by the land suitability. Furthermore, soil and environmental conditions affect plant growth and development.  This study aims to analyze the soil properties and land characteristics to evaluate their suitability for the development of Hiyung cayenne pepper. This study is a descriptive research, carried out using a land suitability evaluation survey method to obtain data on land characteristics and current land management. Soil samples were taken from five locations, each about 1 km apart. Three sample points were taken at a depth of 0 cm to 20 cm in each location. Observation were made on effective depth, slope, surface rocks, rock outcrops, flood hazard, coarse material in soil cross section, erosion hazard, temperature, mean annual precipitation, length of the dry season, and current land management. The results showed that the actual land suitability is included in the S3 (marginally suitable) with limiting factors of temperature, water availability (rainfall), and nutrient retention (pH and base saturation). Potential land suitability is still included in S3 class (marginally suitable) because the only limiting factors that may be improved are soil pH and base saturation