A New Robust Multi focus image fusion Method

In today's digital era, multi focus picture fusion is a critical problem in the field of computational image processing. In the field of fusion information, multi-focus picture fusion has emerged as a significant research subject. The primary objective of multi focus image fusion is to merge graphical information from several images with various focus points into a single image with no information loss. We provide a robust image fusion method that can combine two or more degraded input photos into a single clear resulting output image with additional detailed information about the fused input images. The targeted item from each of the input photographs is combined to create a secondary image output. The action level quantities and the fusion rule are two key components of picture fusion, as is widely acknowledged. The activity level values are essentially implemented in either the "spatial domain" or the "transform domain" in most common fusion methods, such as wavelet. The brightness information computed from various source photos is compared to the laws developed to produce brightness / focus maps by using local filters to extract high-frequency characteristics. As a result, the focus map provides integrated clarity information, which is useful for a variety of Multi focus picture fusion problems. Image fusion with several modalities, for example. Completing these two jobs, on the other hand. As a consequence, we offer a strategy for achieving good fusion performance in this study paper. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on both high-quality and blurred picture patches to represent the mapping. The main advantage of this idea is that it can create a CNN model that can provide both the Activity level Measurement" and the Fusion rule, overcoming the limitations of previous fusion procedures. Multi focus image fusion is demonstrated using microscopic images, medical imaging, computer visualization, and Image information improvement is also a benefit of multi-focus image fusion. Greater precision is necessary in terms of target detection and identification. Face recognition" and a more compact work load, as well as enhanced system consistency, are among the new features

Impulse Noise Removal Using Soft-computing

Image restoration has become a powerful domain now a days. In numerous real life applications Image restoration is important field because where image quality matters it existed like astronomical imaging, defense application, medical imaging and security systems. In real life applications normally image quality disturbed due to image acquisition problems like satellite system images cannot get statically as source and object both moving so noise occurring. Image restoration process involves to deal with that corrupted image. Degradation model used to train filtering techniques for both detection and removal of noise phase. This degeneration is usually the result of excess scar or noise. Standard impulse noise injection techniques are used for standard images. Early noise removal techniques perform better for simple kind of noise but have some deficiencies somewhere in sense of detection or removal process, so our focus is on soft computing techniques non classic algorithmic approach and using (ANN) artificial neural networks. These Fuzzy rules-based techniques performs better than traditional filtering techniques in sense of edge preservation

Physical Factors Affecting in Vitro Replication of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (Serotype “O”)

Effect of physical factors (temperature, pH and UV light) on replicating ability of “O” type of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus on Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cell line was determined. The freshly grown FMD virus containing 106 units of tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) was divided into aliquots. Each of the 9 virus aliquots was exposed to 37, 57 or 77C for 15, 30 or 45 minutes, respectively. Each of the 5 virus aliquots was mixed with MEM-199 maintenance medium having pH 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11. Similarly, each of the 3 aliquots having 1 mm depth of the medium was exposed to ultraviolet light (252.7 nm wavelength: one foot distance) for 15, 30 or 45 minutes. Each of the virus aliquot exposed to either of the temperature, pH or ultraviolet light (UV) for either of the interaction time was inoculated to 8 wells of the 96-well cell culture plate containing complete monolayer of BHK cell line. One row of 8 wells served as virus control and other row of 8 wells served as control for monolayer of the BHK-21 cell line. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. It was observed that temperature of 57 and 77C inactivated the virus within 15 minutes. The virus when admixed in the MEM-199 maintenance medium having pH 3, 5, 9 or 11, of the medium inactivated the virus while pH 7 did not show any detrimental effect on its survival. The ultraviolet light for 15, 30 or 45 minutes showed undetectable effect on survival of the virus as either of the virus aliquot exposed to the UV light for either of the interaction time showed cytopathogenic effects (CPE). It was concluded that the temperature of 57°C or higher for 15 minutes, acidic pH (below 5) or basic pH (more than 9) may inactivate the FMD virus

Dislocation-mediated Electrical Conductivity in Metal Oxides Titania and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia

Using dislocations as one-dimensional dopants is a novel concept that utilizes their elastic strain field, charged core, and associated compensating space charge to engineer the functional properties of metal oxides. In contrast to comparatively mature research fields, such as the mechanical deformation of metals, little is known about the plastic deformation of metal oxides due to their brittle nature. Consequently, the tailoring and impact of mechanically introduced dislocations on functional properties, especially electrical conductivity, remain under investigated. In this work, these issues are addressed by investigating the influence of mechanically generated dislocations on the electrical properties of the two important metal oxides. Model material systems are chosen to be rutile (TiO2) and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) due to their many technological applications such as solar cells, water splitting, memory devices, Li-ion batteries, and solid electrolytes in fuel cells (SOFCs). A comprehensive framework is developed by utilizing dislocations to tune the electronic and ionic conductivity of metal oxides. It is illustrated that understanding the mechanics of the subjected material system helps introduce significantly large deformation in metal oxides, which are considered brittle otherwise. Several dislocation configurations can be systematically achieved by changing the deformation conditions. The resulting electrical response of induced dislocation networks is accessed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, including bulk and microcontact modes, supplemented by scanning probe microscopy. These measurements indicated that the electrical conductivity could both be increased and decreased by merely controlling the mesoscopic dislocation structure. Dislocation configuration is identified as a tuning parameter over which it is shown that unprecedented control allows us to engineer the electrical conductivity above what can be achieved by point defect doping. Induced dislocation networks profoundly impact the electronic conductivity of rutile and can induce behavior akin to the donor and/or acceptor doping in the pristine material. Arranged dislocation regions showed several orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity compared to the pristine regions. The physical interpretation of the data results in a quantitative description of the impact of dislocations as highly conductive pathways in rutile. This route is further expanded to study the influence of mechanically generated dislocations on the ionic conductivity of YSZ. Highly aligned dislocation-rich and -deficient regions are generated; an in-depth electrical characterization of these regions exhibited highly conducting effects of dislocation-induced strain inside the bulk material. The underlying mechanism for the observed enhancement in the ionic conductivity is discussed in detail. So far, such effects were only illustrated via DFT calculations and in strained thin films. However, in this work, the potential of mechanically induced dislocations is presented as a design element to tune the bulk ionic transport. The underlying mechanism responsible for the observed enhancement in ionic conductivity is discussed in detail. Furthermore, it is emphasized that dislocations possess the potential to tune the electronic and ionic conductivity of metal oxides. These effects are explained by deconvoluting the dislocation character, core charge properties, possibly existing space charge, and their mesoscopic arrangement. The combined concepts of dislocation mechanics and solid-state ionics indicate that dislocation-mediated, highly stable electrical conductivity can be used to modify the electronic and ionic charge transport locally and globally. Therefore, these results allow an additional degree of freedom for tuning various functional oxides' electronic/ionic properties apart from chemical doping strategies

4-(4-Propoxybenzo­yloxy)benzoic acid

The title compound, C17H16O5, is an important inter­mediate for the synthesis of side-chain ligands for polymeric liquid crystals. The prop­oxy and benzoic acid groups subtend dihedral angles of 4.36 (6) and 55.35 (6)°, respectively, with the central benzo­yloxy unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Impulse Noise Removal Using Soft-computing

Image restoration has become a powerful domain now a days. In numerous real life applications Image restoration is important field because where image quality matters it existed like astronomical imaging, defense application, medical imaging and security systems. In real life applications normally image quality disturbed due to image acquisition problems like satellite system images cannot get statically as source and object both moving so noise occurring. Image restoration process involves to deal with that corrupted image. Degradation model used to train filtering techniques for both detection and removal of noise phase. This degeneration is usually the result of excess scar or noise. Standard impulse noise injection techniques are used for standard images. Early noise removal techniques perform better for simple kind of noise but have some deficiencies somewhere in sense of detection or removal process, so our focus is on soft computing techniques non classic algorithmic approach and using (ANN) artificial neural networks. These Fuzzy rules-based techniques performs better than traditional filtering techniques in sense of edge preservation

Short Communication Clinico-Therapeutic Observations on an Outbreak of Infectious Coryza

ABSTRACT A disease in commercial flock in Arifwala, Punjab (Pakistan) was reported. The birds were showing respiratory signs and their production was dropped from 85 to 60% in three days. Samples from the sick and dead birds were examined. The bacterial growth was only isolated from nasal swab on blood agar, chocolate agar and tryptose agar. The colonies appeared as small (1 mm) dew drops. History, clinical sign, symptoms, and isolation and identification of the causative agent revealed that the bacterium was Haemophilus paragallinarum

Comparative Study of Dissimilar Weldings of AA6061 and AA2024 Aluminum Alloys by FSW and GTAW

In this research weldability of AA6061 and AA2024 aluminum alloys by GTAW and FSW was studied. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAWA) of AA6061 and AA2024 aluminum alloys were carried out with sheet thickness for both alloys was 3 mm. The process parameters used for FSW were 950 rpm tool rotational speed with feeding rate of 50 mm/min. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of AA6061and AA2024 aluminum alloys was carried out using ER5356 filler rod to avoid the hot cracking and liquidation in the weld. Comparative study of the joint strength and the microstructure examination showed that the heat affected zone in AA6061 has minimum hardness and strength due to the formation of dark bands of Al-Mg2Si eutectic. The joint failure occurred in heat affected zone for both FSW and GTAW welded samples. Results showed that by using Titanium in the filler rod as an alloying addition solve the problem of hot and liquidation cracking and also it refine the grain structure of the weldments. Results also showed that AA6061 and AA2024 aluminum alloys are weldable by GTAW welding using ER5356 filler metal and 80 % more joint strength than that of the FSW welded joint can be achieved

cyclo-Tetrakis(μ2-3-sulfidopropyl-κ3 C 1,S:S)tetrakis[chloridocobalt(III)]

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Co4Cl4(C3H6S)]4], the two independent CoIII ions are each coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry by one C, one Cl and two S atoms. The mol­ecules are stabilized by C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds with R 2 2(8), R 4 2(8) and R 2 2(6) ring motifs generate a polymeric network

4-(4-Octyloxybenzo­yloxy)benzoic acid

The title compound, C22H26O5, is an important inter­mediate for the synthesis of side-chain ligands for polymeric liquid crystals. The octyl group is coplanar with the central C6O moiety, where the maximum deviation of a C atom in the octyl group from the C6O plane is 0.161 (5) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds