Relevansi Penanggalan Pranata mangsa Dalam Penentuan Waktu Tanam Padi Sawah

Pranata mangsa merupakan salah satu kearifan lokal yang digunakan suku Jawa sebagai sistem penanggalan pertanian berdasarkan pengamatan (titen) tanda-tanda alam. Isu mengenai perubahan iklim dan pergeseran musim menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai relevansi penanggalan pranata mangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan mencari relevansi serta melakukan upaya modifikasi penanggalan pranata mangsa berdasarkan data curah hujan dan produktivitas padi sawah selama 30 tahun (1985 – 2014). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Delanggu, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanda-tanda alam pada penanggalan pranata mangsa masih relevan dengan kondisi curah hujan tahun 1985 – 2014. Adapun penentuan waktu tanam pranata mangsa sudah tidak relevan dengan kondisi curah hujan dan produktivitas padi sawah tahun 1985 – 2014. Waktu tanam padi sawah hasil modifikasi penanggalan pranata mangsa berdasarkan data curah hujan tahun 1985 – 2014 yaitu 3 (tiga) kali musim tanam dengan 1 kali waktu Bera’. Kata kunci: pranata mangsa, waktu tanam, perubahan ikli

ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT BASED ON DAILY WATER BALANCE AT RAINFED FARM LAND

Agricultural drought related to soil moisture which is characterized by a deficit of soil moisture. The condition leads to the limitedness for crop culture due to soil moisture availability is not enough for plant’s needs. Therefore, this research aims at finding when exactly the agricultural drought occurred using water balance approach. This research employed a descriptive exploratory method which was done by surveying in the field and also supported by laboratory analysis. The component of daily local weather data, included air temperature, air relative humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall at two locations, each at Ampel and Teras District, Central Java, Indonesia from October 1st, 2015 to March 31st, 2016. Then laboratory analysis to determine soil water availability at pF 2.54 – 4.2 was conducted using hydraulic properties calculator. The results show that the meteorological drought at both locations ended earlier than the agricultural drought, which was the third decades (20th- 30th) of October 2015.  But the agricultural drought ended on decadal (Nov. 2nd and Nov. 5th, 2015) At Ampel and Teras district, respectively. During dry conditions, the rain-fed lands were left fallow until the end of the agricultural drought, which enters rainy season.  Start from this point, the lands can be planted with rice

Spatial Distributional of Irrigation Water Quality in Peaty Paddy Field of Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Paddy is one of the main food-crop commodities in Indonesia. The main problem in paddy cultivation in Paser Regency is good water quality for plants. Water is the main requirement for paddy plants to grow and develop. Water quality to meet the needs of paddy plants is a very important factor. pH H2O, TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) and EC (Electrical Conductivity) are some of the water parameters used as a reference in determining land suitability for paddy plants. The purpose of this research is to spatially analyse the water parameters (pH H2O, TDS and EC) for the water needs of paddy plants in Paser Regency. Determination of sample points using stratified random sampling method and parameter measurements are carried out directly in the field in the irrigation area. Interpolation analysis used the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) method with a power weight of 2. RMSE values from the interpolation results for pH H2O 0.0001, TDS 0.1695 and EC 0.0003. The results of the interpolation of several parameters are then analysed by overlay to determine the spatial relationship between parameters. The results of the analysis show that the average values in Paser Regency are pH H2O 6.13, TDS 478.64 ppm and EC 0.82 mS/cm. The area of pH H2O (6.5-8.4) suitable for paddy plants is 391447.87 ha, TDS (<2000 ppm) 1067265.23 ha and EC (<3 mS/cm) 1066907.37 ha. Most of the pH H2O suitable for paddy plants is in the northern region, while the TDS and EC are better in the northern region although most of them are still suitable for paddy plants. Each parameter has a spatial relationship, where the value of each parameter influences each other. Overall, the northern area in Paser Regency is more suitable for paddy cultivation according to water parameters, namely pH H2O, TDS and EC

A Systematic Review of Drought Indices in Tropical Southeast Asia

This study systematically reviews the under-researched experience of performance indices to determine extreme hydroclimate in tropical Southeast Asia. The review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis methods with SCOPUS databases. The screening of the articles is based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria encompassing articles published between 2000 and 2021 with solely focused on three extreme hydroclimate indices (standardized precipitation index or SPI, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index or SPEI, and palmer drought severity index or PDSI) applied in tropical Southeast Asia, and articles form in English. This study found solely 14 of the 532 articles met the criteria and those articles were analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively. The results showed the strengths of indices with the simple data input (SPI and SPEI); those indices are commonly used at the government level in Southeast Asia due to their data availability, which has Viet Nam as the highest (5 articles) number of publications, followed by Malaysia (4 articles), Thailand (3 articles), and Indonesia (2 articles). On the other hand, the sensitivity of SPI and SPEI has the limitation for specific purposes such as in the agricultural sector when applied to Southeast Asia. In the end, we highlighted the potential of future research applying quasi-biennial oscillation and South Western Indian Ocean as well as El Ni&ntilde;o Southern Oscillation climate indices

A Systematic Review of Drought Indices in Tropical Southeast Asia

This study systematically reviews the under-researched experience of performance indices to determine extreme hydroclimate in tropical Southeast Asia. The review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis methods with SCOPUS databases. The screening of the articles is based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria encompassing articles published between 2000 and 2021 with solely focused on three extreme hydroclimate indices (standardized precipitation index or SPI, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index or SPEI, and palmer drought severity index or PDSI) applied in tropical Southeast Asia, and articles form in English. This study found solely 14 of the 532 articles met the criteria and those articles were analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively. The results showed the strengths of indices with the simple data input (SPI and SPEI); those indices are commonly used at the government level in Southeast Asia due to their data availability, which has Viet Nam as the highest (5 articles) number of publications, followed by Malaysia (4 articles), Thailand (3 articles), and Indonesia (2 articles). On the other hand, the sensitivity of SPI and SPEI has the limitation for specific purposes such as in the agricultural sector when applied to Southeast Asia. In the end, we highlighted the potential of future research applying quasi-biennial oscillation and South Western Indian Ocean as well as El Niño Southern Oscillation climate indices

インドネシア共和国ジャワ島の天水農地における渇水対策に関する研究

博士(農学)岐阜大学(Gifu University

A Review of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Agricultural Water: Are PES from the Operation of Agricultural Water Control Structures Ubiquitous?

This paper reviews the consideration of the operation of agricultural water control structures (AWCSs) as sources of bundles of ecosystem services (ESs) and the subsequent design of payment for ecosystem service (PES) programs around these ESs. It is thought that PES schemes for AWCSs can complement irrigation service fees (ISFs) in funding the operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. Case studies from Japan, the United States of America and Tanzania, representing a variety of socio-economic, geographic and climatic conditions, are discussed. In countries where the PES programs had legal backing, they showed evidence of sustainability and success. The measurement of marginal ESs flows from AWCSs proved to be one of the challenges to PES programs. There is a need to improve the measurement and modelling of hydro-meteorological and water quality parameters to ensure the transparency and success of the programs. In general, there was a realisation that ESs flow from irrigated agriculture, but there was no systematic design of PES programs around these ESs flows. An opportunity is seen to complement ISF through the design of PES programs around ES flows from the operation of AWCSs

A SPATIAL MULTI CRITERIA EVALUATION DAN WEIGHTED LINEAR COMBINATION UNTUK EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN KAKAO: KASUS DESA NGLANGGERAN - DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menerapkan dua metode untuk menetapkan kelas kesesuaian lahan Kakao di Desa Nglanggeran. Metode yang digunakan adalah Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) dan Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) dengan menggunakan parameter evaluasi lahan: curah hujan, kelerengan, temperatur, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, kandungan bahan organik tanah, dan parameter ekonomi (jarak dari jalan dan pasar). Alat yang digunakan untuk penelitian yaitu seperangkat komputer, ArcGIS 10.3, kamera drone (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2), peralatan laboratorium untuk menganalisis jenis tanah, dan sekop &amp; ring sampler untuk pengambilan sampel tanah. Bahan yang diperlukan dalam penelitian yaitu sampel tanah dari 10 titik kebun kakao yang ada di Desa Nglanggeran untuk menentukan tekstur, kandungan bahan organik dan pH tanah. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan shapefile peta Desa Nglanggeran, data DEMNAS, dan data iklim. Terdapat tiga penggunaan lahan yang dijadikan target evaluasi lahan yaitu agroforestri, semak, dan lahan tadah hujan seluas 518,66 Ha (64,6% dari total luas wilayah desa). Penelitian ini memodifikasi pembagian kelas, pembobotan, dan skoring dari setiap parameter yang digunakan. Validasi metode SMCE dan WLC dilakukan dengan ratio pixel kebun kakao dan kelas kesesuaian lahan. Penelitian ini menetapkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah di Desa Nglanggeran merupakan daerah dengan kelas kesesuaian kurang baik untuk budidaya kakao. Lahan dengan kelas sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 14,9% dari total target area. Lahan dengan kategori marginal (S2 dan S3) 49,3% dari total luas wilayah desa. Sedangkan lahan dengan kelas kesesuaian tidak sesuai (N)  0,4% dari total luas wilayah desa. Faktor yang menjadi pembatas kesesuaian lahan Kakao di Nglanggeran (N) adalah kelerengan lahan yang curam, nilai pH tanah yang rendah, dan tekstur tanah yang kurang sesuai di daerah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendorong untuk melakukan rekayasa/modifikasi kelerangan lahan dan sifat tanah dengan bahan pengkondisi tanah. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode SMCE dan WLC dapat diterima untuk menilai kesesuaian lahan kakao di Nglanggeran.Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menerapkan dua metode untuk menetapkan kelas kesesuaian lahan Kakao di Desa Nglanggeran. Metode yang digunakan adalah Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) dan Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) dengan menggunakan parameter evaluasi lahan: curah hujan, kelerengan, temperatur, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, kandungan bahan organik tanah, dan parameter ekonomi (jarak dari jalan dan pasar). Alat yang digunakan untuk penelitian yaitu seperangkat komputer, ArcGIS 10.3, kamera drone (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2), peralatan laboratorium untuk menganalisis jenis tanah, dan sekop &amp; ring sampler untuk pengambilan sampel tanah. Bahan yang diperlukan dalam penelitian yaitu sampel tanah dari 10 titik kebun kakao yang ada di Desa Nglanggeran untuk menentukan tekstur, kandungan bahan organik dan pH tanah. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan shapefile peta Desa Nglanggeran, data DEMNAS, dan data iklim. Terdapat tiga penggunaan lahan yang dijadikan target evaluasi lahan yaitu agroforestri, semak, dan lahan tadah hujan seluas 518,66 Ha (64,6% dari total luas wilayah desa). Penelitian ini memodifikasi pembagian kelas, pembobotan, dan skoring dari setiap parameter yang digunakan. Validasi metode SMCE dan WLC dilakukan dengan ratio pixel kebun kakao dan kelas kesesuaian lahan. Penelitian ini menetapkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah di Desa Nglanggeran merupakan daerah dengan kelas kesesuaian kurang baik untuk budidaya kakao. Lahan dengan kelas sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 14,9% dari total target area. Lahan dengan kategori marginal (S2 dan S3) 49,3% dari total luas wilayah desa. Sedangkan lahan dengan kelas kesesuaian tidak sesuai (N)  0,4% dari total luas wilayah desa. Faktor yang menjadi pembatas kesesuaian lahan Kakao di Nglanggeran (N) adalah kelerengan lahan yang curam, nilai pH tanah yang rendah, dan tekstur tanah yang kurang sesuai di daerah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendorong untuk melakukan rekayasa/modifikasi kelerangan lahan dan sifat tanah dengan bahan pengkondisi tanah. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode SMCE dan WLC dapat diterima untuk menilai kesesuaian lahan kakao di Nglanggeran

Reply to Karjanto, N. Revisiting Indigenous Wisdom of Javanese <i>Pranata mangsa</i>. Comment on “Zaki et al. Adaptation to Extreme Hydrological Events by Javanese Society through Local Knowledge. <i>Sustainability</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 10373”

We have rectified the list of ethnic groups in Java, which should include Madurese and the often neglected, forgotten, and stigmatized Chinese Indonesians [...