Social Protection in Developing Countries Contributions of Social Protection to Resolving the Problem of Poverty and Vulnerability

The Covid-19 and global recession increased uncertainty at macro and micro levels. Social protection was designed as a short response to these crises. This paper examines the coverage of social protection and its potential contribution in solving poverty and vulnerabilities in developing countries. This paper also investigates the experience of Indonesia in implementing social protection programs to reduce poverty and prevent vulnerable groups from poverty and other deprivation. This paper fount that social protection plays significant contributions to resolving the problem of poverty and vulnerability in developing countries since social protection contribute to economic growth, the fulfilment of human rights, increase human development, create social and political stability, prevent the slide into poverty and eliminate discrimination and marginalization. The experience of Indonesia in implementing social protection program shows considerable progress in improving the welfare of the people in poverty and vulnerable groups. There is considerable room for improvement as there are some gaps in the implementation of social protection programs including lack of coordination and synergies among the existing programmes, small coverage, financial sustainability, cost of administration, targeting issues, compliance and policy driven

CHILD LABOUR IN INDONESIA CAN IT BE ELIMINATED

Presently, Indonesia has witnessed the high number of child labourers. International Labour Organization (ILO) and Indonesian Statistical Bureau (BPS) reported that the number of child labourer was stood for 1.76 million in 2009. This number remain the same at 1.7 million in 2012. This paper is an attempt to analyse the incidence of child labour, the main causes and the strategies to eliminate child labour. This study found that child labour in Indonesia can be reduced through addressing the main cause of child labour such as poverty, limited access to education services and parental attitudes through indirect and direct intervention. To implement those two approaches, the participation of all child labour stakeholders particularly government, parents, school teacher, parents, labour inspectors, employees and children itself is a must. By participation of those stakeholders the enabling environment supporting child labour elimination will be achieved and in turn reduce and eliminate child labour

Konstruksi Model Multi-pita Pada Perhitungan Struktur Elektronik Semikonduktor dan Aplikasinya Pada Sistem Quantum Dot Nanokristal

Telah dilakukan penurunan model multi-pita untuk perhitungan struktur elektronik semikonduktor menggunakan pendekatan massa efektif k.p berbasis pada teori gangguan terdegenarasi. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan adanya efek ketidakparabolikan dari pita valensi yang mana sangat berbeda ketika peninjauan yang sama dilakukan pada pita konduksi. Penggunaan model multi-pita pada perhitungan struktur elektronik CdTe quantum dot (QD) nanokristal juga dilakukan dalam paper ini yang dalam praktiknya melibatkan tehnik Clebs-Gordan dalam teori penjumlahan momentum sudut. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang sangat kuat antara struktur elektronik dan ukuran dot

Community-Based Disaster Mitigation: Knowledge and Social Capital in Reducing the Impact of Disaster

The National Disaster Management Agency reported that 383 out of 514 districts/municipalities throughout Indonesia are prone to natural disasters. Social capital is seen as one of the community strengths in disaster mitigation strategies. This study examined the model of community-based disaster mitigation, the level of knowledge and the social capital of the communities in disaster-prone areas in Semarang Municipality and Situbondo District. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, interviewing 120 respondents. We found that men had better knowledge of disaster mitigation than women. The involvement of men in awareness-raising about disaster mitigation activities was also higher than women. As a result, women are more vulnerable during a disaster. This study also found a variation in community understanding regarding disaster mitigation and social capital in the two locations. Respondents in Semarang, which is an urban community, reported a lower level of knowledge on disaster mitigation and social capital. Respondents from Situbondo reported higher social capital in four dimensions, including trust, norms, values, and networks. The geographical location and culture likely explain the variation. This reflects that urban areas are more vulnerable than rural areas in disaster mitigation. Keywords: community knowledge, disaster, mitigation, social capita

PENGISLAMISAN SEJARAH ISLAM DI NUSANTARA DALAM CERAMAH USTAZ SALIM A FILLAH

The article focuses on the lectures of Salim A Fillah (SAF), a popular preacher known for his Islamist activism within the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia. The data is obtained through digital observation and literature review. The analysis employs the Roland Barthes semiology method to examine SAF's lectures on the history of Islamization in Nusantara, which are widely available on platforms like YouTube. The denotation stage of the analysis involves SAF dividing the history of Islam's arrival in the archipelago into seven waves, each characterized by distinct discourse. However, during the connotation stage, it is revealed that SAF's periodization of Islamic history is framed by a narrative of Islamism. This means that SAF portrays the history of Islam in the archipelago as the history of Islamism. The article suggests that SAF implicitly preaches that the saints who spread Islam in the archipelago were individuals with missionary missions similar to present-day Islamists in Indonesia. Additionally, the article highlights SAF's emphasis on transnational Islamic movements like HTI and the Muslim Brotherhood, which are associated with the PKS, as continuations of the missionary efforts of these saints. Therefore, it concludes that SAF has constructed an Islamist narration of Islamic history in Indonesia. SAF also blurred the lines between historical facts and ideological storytellin