Moderating Role of Cognitive Style in Decision Making on the Relationshipbetween Satisfaction Factor and Turnover Intention

The aim of the paper is to identify the moderating effect of analytical cognitive style on the relationship between salary satisfaction and turnover intention among academicians. The survey approach questions were used in order to collect the primary data from informants. Total 502 complete questionnaires were collected back and used in the analysis. SPSS 21 was sued for developing database for analyzing data. The bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression was used in analysis. The results of correlation revealed the significant relationship between salary and turnover intention, salary and analytical cognitive style, analytical and turnover intention. The academicians were found satisfied from the salary packages. The analytical cognitive style was found acting as a moderator between salary satisfaction and turnover intention. Complete moderation has occurred. So this study introduced the new model of job satisfaction with novel results of moderation in the theory of job satisfaction

Lamento antecipado e norma moral na intenção dos consumidores de selecionar restaurantes de trabalho infantil: aumentando a teoria do comportamento planejado

Child labor is very severe social obstacle of the world of under develop nations like Pakistan. Still most of the young children are working in different sectors for the livelihood of their homes. This study explore the anticipated regret and moral norm in consumers’ intention to select child labor restaurants with the uses of augmenting the theory of planned behavior. Present study carried out in the five districts of south Punjab, Pakistan. There are three hundred questionnaires is filled from the owners of the restaurants from the selected regions. SPSS is used for the analysis of the data and multiple regression is used for testing the hypothesis. The results showed that theory of planned behavior constructs are significantly influence the intention of the child. Many owners took child as a labor because its cheap. While augmenting version of the planned behavior theory also good predictor of the child labor intentions. Government and NGOs take some actions to eliminate the child labor and sent into the schools.El trabajo infantil es un obstáculo social muy severo en el mundo de las naciones subdesarrolladas como Pakistán. Aún así, la mayoría de los niños pequeños están trabajando en diferentes sectores para el sustento de sus hogares. Este estudio explora el arrepentimiento anticipado y la norma moral en la intención de los consumidores de seleccionar restaurantes de trabajo infantil con el fin de aumentar la teoría del comportamiento planificado. Estudio actual realizado en los cinco distritos del sur de Punjab, Pakistán. Hay trescientos cuestionarios llenados por los propietarios de los restaurantes de las regiones seleccionadas. SPSS se utiliza para el análisis de los datos y la regresión múltiple se utiliza para probar la hipótesis. Los resultados mostraron que la teoría de los comportamientos planificados influye significativamente en la intención del niño. Muchos dueños tomaron al niño como mano de obra porque es barato. Si bien la versión aumentada de la teoría de la conducta planificada también es un buen predictor de las intenciones del trabajo infantil. El gobierno y las ONG toman algunas medidas para eliminar el trabajo infantil y las envían a las escuelas.O trabalho infantil é um obstáculo social muito grave do mundo dos países em desenvolvimento, como o Paquistão. Ainda a maioria das crianças jovens estão trabalhando em diferentes setores para o sustento de suas casas. Este estudo explora o lamento antecipado e a norma moral na intenção dos consumidores de selecionar restaurantes de trabalho infantil com o objetivo de aumentar a teoria do comportamento planejado. Presente estudo realizado nos cinco distritos do sul de Punjab, Paquistão. Existem trezentos questionários preenchidos pelos proprietários dos restaurantes das regiões selecionadas. O SPSS é usado para a análise dos dados e a regressão múltipla é usada para testar a hipótese. Os resultados mostraram que a teoria dos construtos de comportamento planejados influencia significativamente a intenção da criança. Muitos proprietários levaram criança como um trabalho de parto porque é barato. Enquanto aumenta a versão da teoria do comportamento planejado também bom preditor das intenções de trabalho infantil. O governo e as ONGs tomam algumas medidas para eliminar o trabalho infantil e enviá-las para as escolas

Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Delivery Care in Public and Private Health Sectors – A Study in a Rural District of Pakistan

Pakistan witnessed a significant improvement in maternal health outcomes during the past two decades. However, persistent urban-rural and socio-economic inequalities exist in access to maternal healthcare services across the country. The objective of this study was to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on delivery care by women in the public and private health sectors in RajanPur district. This was a cross-sectional study conducted, among 368 randomly selected mothers who had childbirths from 1st October to 31st December 2020. The study applied multi-stage random sampling technique to select the study participants. The results showed that about two-thirds of mothers preferred public hospitals for most recent delivery. The percentage of cesarean deliveries conducted in private hospitals (43.8%) was 4.7 times higher than in public hospitals (9.3%). About 99% of mothers incurred OOPE during delivery care, and the mean OOPE incurred during delivery care was PKR 2840 (US$17.75) in public hospitals and PKR 25596 (US$159.9) in private hospitals. OOPE on cesarean delivery in private hospitals (PKR 39654.7, US$247.8) was 2.5 times higher than the public hospitals (PKR16111.9, US$100.69), whereas OOPE incurred on normal delivery care in private hospitals (PKR14339, US$89.62) was 9.5 times higher than OOPE in public hospitals(PKR 1501.4, US$9.38).To conclude, the findings and recommendations drawn from the research would provide some insights to health policymakers and planners in developing an integrated and viable maternal healthcare program in Pakistan

VALIDATING A MEASURE FOR ALTRUISTIC SELF TOWARDS THE RESPONSIBLE PLATE FOOD CONSUMPTION: A MIX METHOD APPROACH

This study intends to establish the measurement model for altruistic self-concept for plate food consumption in social marketing. The findings from earlier studies do not really suit the altruistic self-concept scale, especially in the context of socially responsible plate food consumption. Hence, this study validated the instruments of altruistic self-concept. Using the mix method pragmatism pluralism approach using 1536 respondents for quantitative study and 11 intensive interviews for qualitative study. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were selected randomly using stratified sampling technique. The exploratory factor analysis procedure retained five from the total of ten items developed. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedure using IBM-SPSS-AMOS confirmed the five measuring items for altruistic self in the context of socially responsible plate food consumption. The study employed the qualitative study to verify the four sub-constructs of altruistic self-concept namely, material, psychological, time and relationship. The novelty of this study lies on the measure of altruistic self-concept construct in the lenses of consumer behavior towards socially responsible plate food consumption. The study adapted scales and validated them by using the mix method pragmatism pluralism approach. Private and publish social marketing agencies may develop the consumer altruistic towards socially responsible plate food consumption

Level of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Academicians

The aim of this study is to explain the unique role of motivation and job satisfaction and turnover intention by digging knowledge taken from different theories and models given by the different researchers and the measurement by different indicators. To understand the job satisfaction and turnover intention seems to be fragmented and tangled in many disciplines. To construct meaningful understanding of motivation and job satisfaction and turnover intention various disciplines were reviewed and synthesized were discussed. The aim of this study is to give the deeper understanding of underlying theories of motivationand job satisfaction and turnover intention. The literature that helps conceptualize the job satisfaction, urnover intention, second, the founding pieces of literature that composite the theory and third, the most emerging literature in the job satisfaction and turnover intention are selected to explain the job satisfaction and turnover intention. Based on thorough review of literature new conceptual studdy has been introduced. In both, the literature and organizational literature, the existing theories of job satisfaction and turnover intention can be evaluated to fully capture the distinctive aspects of the satisfaction various theories of satisfaction are encompassed. This extended literature requires empirical testing to identify the dimensions of the job satisfaction and motivation and turnover intention.The extended literature of job satisfaction and turnover will be useful to bring changes in the satisfaction level of the employees and helps the researchers to understand easily the theories of satisfaction and turnover

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Two Ways Interaction between Lower Order Terms of Left Brain and Right Brain Cognitive Style and Relationship between Satisfaction and Turnover Intention

This paper argues that teacher’s job satisfaction should also have an impact on turnover intention. In this paper identified teacher’s level of job satisfaction and turnover intention of advance learning institutions in the Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa Province of the Pakistan and the moderating effect of the cognitive style. Questionnaires were used to gather the information and 502 completed questionnaires were collected back from the respondents. The questionnaire was comprised of JDI consisting of seven items on job satisfaction, turnover Intention questionnaire consisting of three items and five point Likert scale was used and for cognitive style CSI, the cognitive style index was used, the fourth section was comprised of the open ended questionnaire and fifth section was comprised of demographic variables. Hierarchical multiple regressions have been used to check how much variance satisfaction shows upon turnover intention and also it has been checked that how much variance analysis and intuition cognitive style shows variance upon satisfaction and turnover intention of advance learning institutions of kpk province of Pakistan. The correlation results taken from bivariate Pearson correlation shows significant results which later on strengthen by the regression results. The regression results show that satisfaction shows variance upon turnover intention, this extended model of job satisfaction will be useful to bring the changes in the academician’s satisfaction of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa province of Pakistan. The findings of this study could be used to guide the advance learning institution’s management and professional academicians build targeted learning activities around key components of the academician’s job satisfaction, diagnose where people are in their journey, set personalize goals and provide feedback to management in the process of the development of policies for advance learning institutions academician’s. In the context of the efficient and effective educational policy, a greater understanding of the academician’s job satisfaction could facilitate the development of more effective policy, practice that would increase not only the job satisfaction of the academicians but decrease the turnover intention of the academician’s

Impact Of Entrepreneurial Skills And Family Occupation On Entrepreneurial Intentions

This study is based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior; it is an attempt to identify the role of entrepreneurial skills on the individuals’ intention to choose self-employment, instead of looking for an organizational employment. Theory of planned behavior has remained often braced in the pitch of entrepreneurship. Though, very petite is yet to known about the role of personal entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial intention. Aim of this study is to get an insight of the existence and reach of the effects of entrepreneurial skills on the entrepreneurial intentions. To explore in the deep avenues of entrepreneurial intention an empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of 205 fresh graduates. Researcher used the structural equation modelling to test the hypothesis of this study. Findings of the study generally confirmed previous studies, since Entrepreneurial skills play a substantial role in entrepreneurial intention. Further implication may be devised in several more areas, especially for entrepreneurial education