A Preliminary Yield Model for Natural Yushania Alpina Bamboo in Kenya

Natural bamboo resources in Kenya are about 150,000 ha and they are mainly found on the mountain slopes in the high potential areas in Mt Kenya, Aberdares ranges, Mau escarpment, Cherangani hills and Mt Elgon at high elevations between 2300 and 3200 meters above sea level.  There is only one indigenous bamboo species, Yushania alpina (formerly Arundinaria alpina). It grows in single culms grouped into clumps. The main use of Y. alpina bamboo in Kenya is construction and fencing. There is high demand for bamboo for use in horticulture farming, handcraft, residential fencing, and cottage industry for making furniture, baskets, tooth picks and match sticks. Some companies have expressed interest in using large amounts of bamboo for bio-energy, panels, particle boards and pulp. However, bamboo raw material is not available for use because of a Presidential ban imposed on harvesting bamboo resources in all Government and Trust lands. But even if the ban was lifted, harvesting of bamboo in the natural forests cannot be prudent because there is very little information on the quantity, quality and geographical distribution of the available amount. Many entrepreneurs have continued to request the Government through Kenya Forest Service (KFS) to be allowed to extract natural bamboo for various uses. On the other front Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) has vigorously continued to promote growing and intensive use of bamboo. These two noble ideas cannot be realized in the absence of the bamboo resource data. The objective of this study was to develop a yield model that can be used to estimate total bamboo culms biomass in a given area and the proportion that can be harvested on a sustainable basis. This study used bamboo data from 25 rectangular temporary sample plots of 10 m x 20 m in natural stands of Y. alpina and trees at Kieni, Kamae and Kinale in Kiambu County to estimate density and model the dependence of culms merchantable green weight and oven dry weight on diameter at breast height. The culms mean stoking density was 21000 culms ha-1. The coefficient of determination (R2) for green weight model is 0.82 and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 1.45 kg. The model calculates mean weight of old Y. alpina culm as 9.6 kg. Keywords: Bamboo, stocking, yield, weight, culms, green weight mode

Unilateral spontaneous tubal twin ectopic pregnancy: A rare occurrence

Unilateral tubal twin pregnancy remains rare despite a rise in the incidence of singleton ectopic pregnancies. A 27-year-old  Gravida 1 Para 0+0 at 12 weeks gestation, presented to our institution with a 1-month history of lower abdominal pain, that  progressively worsened and became very severe. An abdominal ultrasound revealed an extrauterine gestational sac that looked like a single viable fetus in the right adnexa at about 12 weeks by crown rump length. Free fluid was noted in the right iliac fossa and Morrison’s pouch. A conclusion of a right-ruptured ectopic pregnancy was made. The patient underwent laparotomy and a diagnosis of twin right-sided fimbrial ectopic pregnancy was made. The crown rump lengths of the twins were 6cm and 4cm. We present this case because unilateral tubal twin pregnancy is still a rare phenomenon, and clinicians as well as clinical  embryologists need to acknowledge its existence considering the diagnosis of this case was not made pre-operatively.Key words: Twin Tubal, ectopic pregnancy, unilatera

Negative time delay for wave reflection from a one-dimensional semi-harmonic well

It is reported that the phase time of particles which are reflected by a one-dimensional semi-harmonic well includes a time delay term which is negative for definite intervals of the incoming energy. In this interval, the absolute value of the negative time delay becomes larger as the incident energy becomes smaller. The model is a rectangular well with zero potential energy at its right and a harmonic-like interaction at its left.Comment: 6 pages, 5 eps figures. Talk presented at the XXX Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, Bialowieza, Poland, 201

The various power decays of the survival probability at long times for free quantum particle

The long time behaviour of the survival probability of initial state and its dependence on the initial states are considered, for the one dimensional free quantum particle. We derive the asymptotic expansion of the time evolution operator at long times, in terms of the integral operators. This enables us to obtain the asymptotic formula for the survival probability of the initial state $\psi (x)$, which is assumed to decrease sufficiently rapidly at large $|x|$. We then show that the behaviour of the survival probability at long times is determined by that of the initial state $\psi$ at zero momentum $k=0$. Indeed, it is proved that the survival probability can exhibit the various power-decays like $t^{-2m-1}$ for an arbitrary non-negative integers $m$ as $t \to \infty$, corresponding to the initial states with the condition $\hat{\psi} (k) = O(k^m)$ as $k\to 0$.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in J. Phys.

Exact propagators for atom-laser interactions

A class of exact propagators describing the interaction of an $N$-level atom with a set of on-resonance $\delta$-lasers is obtained by means of the Laplace transform method. State-selective mirrors are described in the limit of strong lasers. The ladder, V and $\Lambda$ configurations for a three-level atom are discussed. For the two level case, the transient effects arising as result of the interaction between both a semi-infinite beam and a wavepacket with the on-resonance laser are examined.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Quantum Mechanics as an Approximation to Classical Mechanics in Hilbert Space

Classical mechanics is formulated in complex Hilbert space with the introduction of a commutative product of operators, an antisymmetric bracket, and a quasidensity operator. These are analogues of the star product, the Moyal bracket, and the Wigner function in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics can now be viewed as a deformation of quantum mechanics. The forms of semiquantum approximations to classical mechanics are indicated.Comment: 10 pages, Latex2e file, references added, minor clarifications mad

Plan de negocio para determinar la viabilidad de un servicio de centro de belleza m?vil

BEAUTY BUS ser? el primer centro belleza m?vil disponible en la ciudad de Lima, nuestro objetivo principal ser? brindarle a nuestras clientas una nueva alternativa para poder producirlas en su belleza, sin la necesidad de que se trasladen a un salon de belleza convencional instalado f?sicamente en locales de zonas comerciales, donde el solo hecho de trasladarse hasta el sitio en horas punta despu?s de los horarios de oficina, resulta realmente una p?rdida de tiempo, adem?s de que en muchas ocasiones tienen que esperar varios minutos para que puedan atenderlas debido a que la atenci?n es por orden de llegada; por eso nuestro innovador centro de belleza m?vil, m?s que dar un servicio a domicilio, les ofrece una experiencia de belleza en casa, oficina, ? lugar de conveniencia, nuestra infraestructura es una van especialmente acondicionada con las mismas comodidades de un sal?n de belleza de franquicia, con c?modas butacas, ambiente fresco, entretenimiento digital, y lo m?s importante la cuidadosa atenci?n de nuestras especialistas en belleza, quienes atender?n exclusivamente a nuestras clientas y a sus acompa?antes, en el mejor horario que disponga libre, con previa reserva, con pagos en efectivo y/? tarjetas, sin desconectarse y sin trasladarse de sus actividades

Quantum Tunneling in the Wigner Representation

Time dependence for barrier penetration is considered in the phase space. An asymptotic phase-space propagator for nonrelativistic scattering on a one - dimensional barrier is constructed. The propagator has a form universal for various initial state preparations and local potential barriers. It is manifestly causal and includes time-lag effects and quantum spreading. Specific features of quantum dynamics which disappear in the standard semi-classical approximation are revealed. The propagator may be applied to calculation of the final momentum and coordinate distributions, for particles transmitted through or reflected from the potential barrier, as well as for elucidating the tunneling time problem.Comment: 18 pages, LATEX, no figure

Optimal atomic detection by control of detuning and spatial dependence of laser intensity

Atomic detection by fluorescence may fail because of reflection from the laser or transmission without excitation. The detection probability for a given velocity range may be improved by controlling the detuning and the spatial dependence of the laser intensity. A simple optimization method is discussed and exemplified

How much time does a tunneling particle spend in the barrier region?

The question in the title may be answered by considering the outcome of a ``weak measurement'' in the sense of Aharonov et al. Various properties of the resulting time are discussed, including its close relation to the Larmor times. It is a universal description of a broad class of measurement interactions, and its physical implications are unambiguous.Comment: 5 pages; no figure