Investigation of group A rotavirus G10, G12 genotypes emerging in patients with acute gastroenteritis in a tertiary care hospital

Rotaviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis with the highest mortality and morbidity rates in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of rotavirus infection in patients whose stool samples were sent to microbiology laboratory to investigate the etiology of diarrhea, to investigate the rotavirus genotypes that are common in our region and G10, G12 genotypes that have recently become common in the world. Fecal samples of 476 patients aged between 0-92 years who applied between November 2016 and February 2018 were studied via immunochromatographic rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. ELISA positive samples were studied by nested reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genotyped by agarose gel electrophoresis. Rotavirus was found positive in 18.3% and 17% of stool samples by immunochromatographic test and ELISA, respectively. All ELISA positive samples were also detected as positive by RT-PCR. 18.5% of female patients and 15.7% of male patients were found to be positive and rotavirus positivity was not statistically significant between genders. The frequency of rotavirus in different age groups was 23.5% (6-12 years), 17.3% (13-24 months) and 16% (25-36 months). It was determined that rotavirus cases were most common in the spring. G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, G10, and G12 were detected in 37%, 7.4%, 16.1%, 6.2%, 9.9%, 2.5%, 26% of the samples, respectively. G12 was the most common genotype after G1. The most common G and P genotype combination was G1P[8] (17.2%). This was followed by G12P[8] (11.11%) and G3P[8] (11.11%). P[8] (53%) was found to be the dominant P genotype. In this study, it was observed that rotavirus, which is the cause of childhood diarrhea, can also be encountered in advanced ages and even new genotypes that infect humans worldwide may also be the causative agents. Therefore, we concluded that it is important to investigate new genotypes such as G10 and G12 in molecular epidemiological studies

A Comparatıve Evaluatıon Of Medıcınal Plant Extracts Wıth Antımıcrobıal Magıstrales

Geleneksel tedavide kullanılan çeşitli tıbbi bitki ekstreleri (Juniperus excelsa yaprak etanollü ekstresi (EtOH), Juniperus excelsa meyve etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus communis spp nana meyve etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus sabina yaprak etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus foetidissima yaprak etanollü ekstresi, Helianthus tuberosus yumru sulu ekstresi (H2O), Cydonia oblonga yaprak sulu ekstresi, Allium porrum herba sulu ekstresi, Juniperus foetidissima yaprak sulu ekstresi, Juniperus sabina olgun meyve etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus foetidissma olgun meyve etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus oxycedrus spp oxycedrus olgun meyve etanollü ekstresi, Juniperus communis ssp. nana yaprak sulu ekstresi, Juniperus oxycedrus ssp oxycedrus yaprak sulu ekstresi, Juniperus excelsa yaprak sulu ekstresi, Juniperus oxycedrus spp oxycedrus yaprak etanollü ekstresi, Cistus laurifolius yaprak etanollü ekstresi, Solanum muricalum meyve suyu ve Fumaria cilicica yaprak etanollü ekstresi) ile antimikrobiyal majistral formülasyonlarda yer alan bazı etken maddelerin (borik asit, boraks, Peru balsamı, çinko oksit, calendula tentürü, timol, rezorsin, sülfür kolloid, oksijenli su, benzoik asit, rivanol, kristal viyole ve brillant yeşili) in vitro antimikrobiyal özellikleri mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Kullanılan tıbbi bitki ekstrelerin ve etken maddelerin test edilen mikroorganizmalara karşı minimum inhibisyon değerleri (MİK) saptandığında farklı aktiviteler ortaya çıkmıştır (MİK: 1-128 μg/ml). Etken madde örneklerinde en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite kristal viyole, rivanol ve brilliant yeşilinde 1 μg/ml MİK değerinde tespit edilmiştir. Bitki ekstre örneklerinde bakterilere karşı en yüksek antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktivite Cistus laurifolius yaprak-EtOH ekstresinde belirlenmiştir.Antimicrobial activities of a number of medicinal plant extracts used in folk medicine (Juniperus excelsa leaves ethanol extract (EtOH), Juniperus excelsa ripe fruit ethanol extract, Juniperus communis ssp nana fruit ethanol extract, Juniperus sabina leaves ethanol extract, Juniperus foetidissima leaves ethanol extract , Helianthus tuberosus tuber aqueous extract (H2O), Cydonia oblonga leaves aqueous extract, Allium porrum whole plant (herba) aqueous extract, Juniperus foetidissima leaves aqueous extract, Juniperus sabina ripe fruit ethanol extract, Juniperus foetidissma ripe fruit ethanol extract, Juniperus oxycedrus spp ripe fruit ethanol extract, Juniperus communis ssp nana leaves aqueous extract, Juniperus oxycedrus ssp leaves aqueous extract, Juniperus excelsa leaves aqueous extract, Juniperus oxycedrus spp leaves ethanol extract, Cistus laurifolius leaves ethanol extract, Solanum muricalum fruit aqueous extract, Fumaria cilicica leaves ethanol extract) and some active ingredients in antimicrobial magistrales drug formulations (boric acid, borax, balsam of Peru, zinc oxide, calendula tincture, thymol, resorcinol, sulfur colloid, hydrogen peroxide, benzoic acid, rivanol, crystal violet and brilliant green) were investigated by using microdilution method. According to the results the active ingredients and plant extracts showed different activities which MIC was between 1-128 μg/ml. The active ingredients crystal violet, brilliant green, rivanol indicated the highest antimicrobial effect (MIC: 1μg/ml). The highest antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by plant extract Cistus laurifolius leaves-EtOH

A comparative evaluation of Juniperus species with antimicrobial magistrals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of the active ingredient in selected antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine, comparatively. The active ingredients of magistrals such as; boric acid, balsam of Peru, zinc oxide, Calendula tincture, thymol, resorcinol, crystal violet were used as well as fruit or leaf extracts of Juniperus excelsa (Je), J. sabina (Js), J .foetidissima (#), J. communis ssp. nana (Jcsn), and J. oxycedrus spp. oxycedrus ripe (Joso) to determine the antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis), gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. cob), and fungi (Candida. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using microdilution method. The inhibition end point of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined as mu g mL(-1). The active ingredient and plant extracts have shown antibacterial and antifungal activities with a MIC values of 1->128 mu gmL(-1). The active ingredient crystal violet (MIC; 1 mu s mL(-1)) as well as Je- fruit ethanol, Jf-leaf and fruit ethanol, Joso-leaf and fruit ethanol extracts (MIC; 16 mu gmL(-1)) have exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (MIC; 16 mu g rnL(-1)). Although ingredients of magistrals seem to exert similar antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 32 mu gmL(-1)), thymol and resorcinol were observed to be more active against C. krusei (MIC., 16 mu g mL(-1)). Extracts were more pronounced against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. epidermidis (MIC ranging from 16 to 32). In the mine time, the extracts showed equal antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 16 mu g mL(-1)). In our study, antimicrobial activity of the natural compounds and ingredients of selected magistrals have found to be promising with MIC values of 16-32 mu g mL(-1). According to the results of our antimicrobial activity studies, utilization of Juniperus extracts in antimicrobial magistral formulations can be suggested

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality