An Analysis of Functional Groups and Potential Values of Herbaceous Species of Grasslands in West Timor, Indonesia

This study was to determine the composition of plant functional groups and the potential value of herbaceous species present in grassland communities of West Timor. Ten stations in grassland of Kupang West Timor (Penfui, Alak, Bakunase, Tode, Mulafa, Oesapa, Tanah Merah, Tilong, Bukit Cinta, and Naketuka) were selected and at each stations, 15 plots 1 m x 1 m (∑150) were randomly place. In each plot, all herbaceous presents were recorded. Each plant was further classified into four functional groups, whether grasses, sedges, legumes, or forbs. Plants were also grouped based on their potential whether they were food plants, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, forage plants, or poisonous plants. For each species present, the number of individuals, dominance, frequency, and Importance Value Index (IVI) were calculated. From 150 plots, there were 134 herb species from 32 families. Of these species, grass (Poaceae) was 26 (19.40%) species (IVI 25.24%) while non-grass was 108 (80.60%) species (IVI 74.76%). Grasslands were dominated by non-grass species. Based on the IVI, plants were dominated by Euphorbia hirta L. (IVI 13.93%), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (IVI 12.46&), Cyperus rotundus L. (IVI 11.72%), Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (IVI 11.12%), Senna tora (L.) Roxb. (IVI 9.54%), Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze (IVI 9.35%), and Tridax procumbens L. (IVI 9.17%). Of the 134 species, the forbs was 77 (57.46%) species (IVI 54.75%), grass 26 (19.40%) species (IVI 26.25%), legumes 20 (14.93%) species ( IVI 12.41%), and sedges 10 (7.461%) species (IVI 6.09%). Grasslands were dominated by forbs based on the number of species and IVI. Of the existing species, 43 (31.34%) were food plants (IVI 34.62%); 77 (67.46%) were medicinal plants (IVI 61.97%); 14 (10.45%) were ornamental plants (IVI 11.45%), 23 (17.16%) were forage plants (IVI 25.14%), and 5 (3.73%) were poisonous plants (IVI 2.31%). The grassland was dominated by food plants and medicinal plants. Although the herbaceous in the grasslands of West Timor were generally seen as weeds, the potential of grassland to provide medicinal, food, ornamental plants, and fodder was quite large. Nearly 70% of the species were potential for medicinal, almost 50% were potential for food, and more than 10% were potential for ornamental plants. It is necessary to further explore the economic potential of these grasslands. The high dominance of forbs compared to grasses and legumes may be an indication that this grassland has been severely invaded by weeds and has experienced disturbances. The composition of grassland vegetation, in general was less than ideal as a grazing area. Efforts were needed to improve the legume, suppressing weed invasion and poisonous plants, and human interference in the area must also be reduced. Keywords: grasslands, herbs, Importance Value Index, food plant, medicinal plants DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-14-04 Publication date:August 31st 202

Determinasi Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik, Sikap Profesional Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Di Gugus III Pattimura

This study aims to determine the level of determination implementation of academic supervision, professional attitude, and motivation to work, the performance of elementary school teachers in Cluster III Pattimura South Denpasar District involve with 90 teachers as a respondent. The study was designed in the form of ex-posi facto research. Data was collected by questionnaires and data were analyzed using simple correlation and multiple regression. The results showed that: (1) there is a significant determination between the implementation of academic supervision againt the performance of elementary school teachers in Cluster III Pattimura the effective contribution of 17.4%, (2) there is a significant determination between the profesioanal attitude with the performance of teachers with effective contribution of 17.7%, (3) there is a significant determination between work motivation with teacher performance with the effective contribution of 46.6%, (4) and there is a significant determination jointly supervise the implementation of academic, professional attitude and motivation to work with the teacher performance with the relative contribution of 81.7%. Based on these findings it can be concluded that there is a significant determination between the implementation of academic supervision, professional attitude and motivation to work with the performance of elementary school teachers in Cluster III Pattimura separately or together. Thus, the third factor can be used as predictors of the trend level performance in the elementary teachers in Cluster III Pattimura

The Supplementation of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) in The Ration To Increase Carcass Weight and Decrease Duck Meat Cholesterol

An experiment was carried out at Kediri, Tabanan Regency and Animal Nutrition Laboratory to study the effect of the supplementation VCO in the ration to increase carcass weight and decrease duck meat cholesterol. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates. Each of the replicate used five male Balinese ducks with the same weight. The five treatments were diets without VCO as a control (A), ration with 1% VCO (B), ration with 2% VCO (C), ration with 3% VCO (D) and ration with 4% VCO (E) respectively. Ration and water offered ad libitum. The variables measured were carcass weight, physical carcass composition and meat cholesterol. The result of this experiment showed that the carcass weight, the carcass percentage, the percentage of carcass meat in the B, C, D and E treatments were not significantly (P>0.05) higher than the control, so the percentage of fat carcass subcutan (including skin) and carcass bone percentage were not significantly (P>0.05) lower than the control. Triglyceride in treatment 3% VCO in diets (D) was significantly (P0.05) higher than the control. The total cholesterol content and LDL in those four treatments were not significantly (P>0.05) lower than the control. From the result of this experiment can be concluded that the supplementation of 1-4% VCO in the ration has not increased to the carcass weight and decreased the duck meat cholesterol.   Keywords : VCO, duck, carcass weight, and  meat cholestero

Suplementasi Urea Molasis Blok untuk Meningkatkan Penampilan Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Pakan Hijauan Gamal

The supplementation of urea molasses block for increasing performance of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing gliricidia spium green forage ABSTRACT. The aimed of this experiment to study the supplementation of urea molasses block for performance increased of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing Gliricidia spium green forage has been conducted at Tabanan regency and Animal Nutrition Laboratory. The Latin Square Design which four treatments and four replicates was used in this experiment. The four treatments were the levels of urea molasses block : 0, 50, 100 and 150g respectively. The animal access to ad libitum Gliricidia spium green forage and drink water. The animal fed twice a day urea molasses block at the morning and at the afternoon. The variables which were observed including feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The result of this experiment showed dry matter feed consumption, drink water, nutrient digestibility of the four treatments is not significantly different (P >0.05). The body weight gain at treatment C was significantly higher (P <0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower (P <0.05) than treatments A, B and D. From the results in this experiment it can be concluded that the used of urea molasses block 100g on the effect to increased the performance of ettawah crossbred goats with basal diet Gliricidia spium green forage

Suplementasi Urea Molasis Blok untuk Meningkatkan Penampilan Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Pakan Hijauan Gamal

The supplementation of urea molasses block for increasing performance of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing gliricidia spium green forage ABSTRACT. The aimed of this experiment to study the supplementation of urea molasses block for performance increased of ettawah crossbred goats fed diet containing Gliricidia spium green forage has been conducted at Tabanan regency and Animal Nutrition Laboratory. The Latin Square Design which four treatments and four replicates was used in this experiment. The four treatments were the levels of urea molasses block : 0, 50, 100 and 150g respectively. The animal access to ad libitum Gliricidia spium green forage and drink water. The animal fed twice a day urea molasses block at the morning and at the afternoon. The variables which were observed including feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The result of this experiment showed dry matter feed consumption, drink water, nutrient digestibility of the four treatments is not significantly different (P 0.05). The body weight gain at treatment C was significantly higher (P 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower (P 0.05) than treatments A, B and D. From the results in this experiment it can be concluded that the used of urea molasses block 100g on the effect to increased the performance of ettawah crossbred goats with basal diet Gliricidia spium green forage

Production of Conidia, selection of inoculum density, and timing the first fungicide application to manage Septoria blight of celery

Septoria blight of celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce), induced by Septoria apiicola Speg., is a destructive disease that requires fungicide applications for its management. A reliable method of inoculum production was established. Best sporulation was obtained on celery agar (CA) at a predicted optimum temperature of 22.4$sp circ$C. A moderate inoculum density within a range of 17-35 conidia/cm$sp2$ of leaf surface provided non-coalescing lesions necessary for rapid enumeration. Initial blight incidence thresholds of about 0.6 and 0.5% to time the first fungicide application were established based on the proportion of maximum plant weight equivalent to the cost of one fungicide application calculated plant weight and petiole number per plant, respectively, in the summers of 1990 and 1991. The IBI levels of 0 and 2% to time the first fungicide application provided non-significant results in terms of the final amount of blight and yield. (Abstract shortened by UMI.