Uji Disolusi Terbanding Zat Karbamazepin dalam Bentuk Sediaan Tablet

Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji ekivalensi produk tablet karbamazepin secara in vitro dengan menggunakan uji disolusi terbanding. Uji dilakukan terhadap produk inovator, produk bermerek I, dan produk bermerek II menggunakan 3 medium uji yaitu medium pH 1,2; pH 4,5; dan pH 6,8 dengan pengambilan sampel pada menit ke-10, 15, 30, 45, dan 60. Penetapan kadar dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV pada panjang gelombang 285 nm. Hasil uji disolusi terbanding dianalisis menggunakan faktor kemiripan (f2). Dari hasil uji disolusi terbanding, kedua produk uji tidak ekivalen terhadap produk inovator

FORMULATION OF POLYMER-NANO COMPOSITE FILM FOR COATING GRASTRORETENTIVE TABLET OF DIPYRIDAMOL AS A MODEL

Objective: The aim of this work was to formulate the polymer nano composite film to coat the gastroretentive tablet.Methods: The polymer nano composite film was formulated by varying the concentration of Eudragit® RS/RL 30D, PEG 6000 and with or without sodium bentonite. The polymer nano composite was then used to coat the gastroretentive dipyridamol tablet as a model.Results: The film containing Eudragit® RS/RL 30D at ratio 80:20 with 20 % PEG 6000 (w/w dry polymer) and 2% sodium bentonite (w/w dry clay) (formulation 16) was more elastic and strength. The diffusion test showed that the percentage of dipyridamole passed through the film of formulation 8 (without sodium bentonite) and 16 was superimposed during the 7 first hours and after 7 hours, they split in which the formulation 8 was higher than formulation 16. The floating lag time and capacity of the coated tablet with nano composite were 1': 53†and more than 8 hours, respectively, while for tablet coated without nano composite were 0': 09†and 7': 08': 27†respectively. The release showed that the gastroretentive dipyridamol tablet coated by polymer nano composite (formulation 16) released dipyridamol 43.59±3.59 and 89.69±4.92% at 4th and 8th hour respectively, while the tablet coated without nano composite (formulation 8) released 44.76±4. 74% and 95.76±1.35% respectively.Conclusions: The polymer nano composite film containing Eudragit® RS/RL 30D with the ratio of 80:20 and 20% PEG 6000 (w/w dry polymer) with the presence of 2% sodium bentonite generated tablet that floated for 8 hours and produced the release of the drug according to the requirement that has been set.Â

Introducing Lean Canvas: an Assistance for SMKN 3 Tuban Students in Composing Business Plan

Lean Canvas is a framework that aids in designing a focused and efficient business model, highly suited to the rapidly changing business environment of today. Lean Canvas is a framework or tool used for rapidly and efficiently designing and developing business models. The objective of this assistance was to introduce Lean Canvas model for SMKN 3 Tuban students in order to be able to use it for composing business plan. Community service in the form of mentoring for students at SMKN 3 Tuban was conducted with a total of 5 meetings within 1 month. Before receiving guidance on creating a business plan matrix using Lean Canvas, the students received related materials on entrepreneurship, an introduction to business plans, marketing, human resources, creative economy, product development, e-commerce, and finance. There were 20 participating students in the mentoring program. Out of these 20 students, there were 5 students grouped together, each group having one product which consisted of banana chips in various flavors. Additionally, there was 1 student who had a fruit salad busines

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Materi Barisan Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis

Penerapan pembelajaran konvensional di SMAN 1 Kediri mengakibatkan rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa. Hal tersebut diakibatkan karena kurangnya media pembelajaran yang memadai dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) menggunakan model 4D (define, design, develop, dan disseminate). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman wawancara, angket dan tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan terdiri dari analisis kevalidan, analisis kepraktisan dan analisis keefektifan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan produk LKPD yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor rata-rata kevalidan 4,24 oleh 5 validator ahli materi dengan kriteria sangat valid dan skor rata-rata kevalidan 4,16 oleh 5 validator ahli media dengan kriteria valid. Kepraktisan produk mendapatkan skor kepraktisan 90,62% dengan kriteria sangat praktis berdasarkan hasil responden 26 orang siswa serta memperoleh nilai kepraktisan 89% dengan kriteria sangat praktis berdasarkan hasil responden guru. Selanjutnya, LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing merupakan media yang efektif karena terdapat peningkatan persentase ketuntasan siswa, yaitu dari 6,7% menjadi 73,08% setelah menggunakan produk LKPD dalam proses pembelajaran. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa

PACKAGING OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN VACCINE AND MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACT INTO CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

Objective: Oftentimes, the recombinant antigen for the use of vaccines is less immunogenic than live attenuated or inactive vaccines. Hence, a potent adjuvant is needed to enhance the immune response. Moreover, the role of vector design is also important to facilitate the improvement of the immune response. The aim of this research was to develop hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extracts as an adjuvant using chitosan polymer. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linking agent. A system was composed of chitosan core in which HBsAg and M. oleifera extracts were incorporated. The concentration of HBsAg used in this combination was 10 μg/ml, and the concentrations of extracts were 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml, respectively. In this study, three types of nanoparticles were produced: HBsAg-loaded nanoparticles, M. oleifera-loaded nanoparticles, and combination of HBsAg–M. oleifera-loaded nanoparticles. The nanoparticles formed were characterized by the particle size, HBsAg entrapment efficiency using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the entrapment efficiency of extracts using the total flavonoid method. Results: The results showed that the particle size was between 111 and 245 nm. The entrapment efficiency of HBsAg in the separate formula was 79%, while that in the combined formula was approximately 96–98%. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency of the extracts in the separate formula was around 64–91%, while that in the combined formula was 55–82.5%. Particularly, HBsAg–M. oleifera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with the extract concentrations of 50 μg/ml showed the highest entrapment efficiencies of HBsAg and M. oleifera extracts of approximately 98 and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, the system has been successfully developed, so it is then plausible to determine the function of the devices to enhance the immune response in the future

Vitamin E Extraction from Magnesium Salts of Palm Fatty Acid Distillates

This research studied how the type of organic solvent and the number of extraction stages affect the vitamin E cumulative extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD. First, PFAD was saponified to produce Mg-PFAD, then vitamin E was extracted from the Mg-PFAD using ethanol, isopropanol, or hexane, followed by evaporation to produce vitamin E concentrate. Three-stage hexane extraction with a solvent to Mg-PFAD mass ratio of 3 kg solvent/kg Mg-PFAD produced the highest vitamin E recovery rate. Organic solvent with a lower polarity gave a higher extraction yield and recovery rate of vitamin E from Mg-PFAD. In general, an increase of the number of extraction stages led to an increase of the vitamin E extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD

Micro RNA: New aspect in pathobiology of preeclampsia?

The discovery of miRNA in 1993, by Ambros et al. has had a huge influence in pathogenesis theory; diagnosis and treatment approach to some diseases. Some scientifically proven theories have been proposed to seek the association of alterations of miRNA expression to incidences and severity of preeclampsia (PE). In this review we explore the result of such investigations that discuss the association of miRNA and PE along with the role of various mRNAs in PE pathogenesis.Keywords: Preeclampsia; MicroRNA; miRNA; Preeclampsia pathogenesi

Vitamin E Extraction from Magnesium Salts of Palm Fatty Acid Distillates

This research studied how the type of organic solvent and the number of extraction stages affect the vitamin E cumulative extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD. First, PFAD was saponified to produce Mg-PFAD, then vitamin E was extracted from the Mg-PFAD using ethanol, isopropanol, or hexane, followed by evaporation to produce vitamin E concentrate. Three-stage hexane extraction with a solvent to Mg-PFAD mass ratio of 3 kg solvent/kg Mg-PFAD produced the highest vitamin E recovery rate. Organic solvent with a lower polarity gave a higher extraction yield and recovery rate of vitamin E from Mg-PFAD. In general, an increase of the number of extraction stages led to an increase of the vitamin E extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD

TARGETING DESIGN TO THE LUNGAND PULMONARY INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE OF ENDOGENOUS GENE BY IRQ MODIFIED NANO CARRIER

TARGETING DESIGN TO THE LUNGAND PULMONARY INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE OF ENDOGENOUS GENE BY IRQ MODIFIED NANO CARRIER. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. For efficient therapy, vectors must firstly reach the target tissue and subsequently demonstrate an efficient intracellular targeting. In this study, we attempted to design a vector for in vivo pulmonary targeting which was able to deliver small interfering RibonucleicAcid (siRNA) for endogenous gene of angiogenesis in pulmonary endothelial cells. siRNA was condensed with polycation agent and encapsulated in lipidous nano carrier. To obtain high level of lung accumulation, we controlled the surface of nano-carrier by changing the length of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. These nano carriers showed prominent Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) effect, when luciferase gene was used as a target. In addition, an efficient transgene knockdown of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1), a responsible gene of angiogenesis, can be obtained by the Instantaneous Respiratory Exchange Ratio (IRQ) modified nano carrier with the use of Stearyl-R8 (STR-R8) peptide, known as an endosomal membrane inducer. In conclusion, pulmonary targeting of nano carrier by encapsulating siRNA can be developed by controlling the PEG length and the structure of nano carrier for efficient intracellular targeting