The relationship between wharton’s duct, the lingual nerve and the hypoglossus nerve

Hirurške intervencije u podviličnom i podjezičnom prostoru zahtevaju dobro poznavanje međusobnih odnosa Vartonovog kanala, jezičnog i hipogloznog živca. U literaturi se može uočiti ili nesklad ili nepreciznost u pogledu od­ nosa između navedenih elemenata. Iz ovih razloga smo za cilj naših istraživanja uzeli da na 40 humanih preparata podviličnih pljuvačnih žlezda sa okolnim strukturama vrata pro­učimo odnos Vartonovog kanala i pratećih živaca. Analizom uzetog materijala došli smo do sledećih rezultata: Na spoljnoj strani hioglosnog mišića posmatrano odozgo na dole nalaze se: n. lingualis, Vartonov kanal, prednji žlezdani produžetak i n. hypoglossus. Na prednjoj ivici hioglosnog mišića odnos se menja, tako da gledano odozgo na dole stoje: Vartonov kanal, n. lingualis, prednji žlezdani produžetak i n. hypoglossus.Surgical interventions in the submandibular and the sublingual region require a thorough knowledge of the relationship between Wharton’s duct, the lingual and the hypoglossus nerve. Between the above named elements certain discrepancies and imprecisions can be observed in the literature concerning their relationship. On these grounds we took it as the goal of our research to study the relationship between Wharton’s duct and the consequent nerves on 40 human specimens of the sub-mandibular salivary gland with their surrounding structures of the neck. Analyzing the taken material, we arrived at the following concusions: On the external side of the hyoglossus muscle we observe going from the top: the lingual nerve, Wharton’s nerve, the anterior processus of the gland and the hypoglossus nerve. On the anterior edge of the hyogiossus muscle the relationship changes so that, looking from the top down, we have: Wharton\u27s duct, the lingual nerve, the anterior processus of the gland and the hypoglossus nerve

Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study

Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 foetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from 2 or 3 of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%). In total, the mean diameter of the trigeminal branches was 0.222 mm. The trigeminal branch of the ILT supplied medial and middle parts of the TG, the branch of the MHT supplied the medial part of the TG, and the branch of the MMA supplied the lateral part of the TG. Additional arteries for the TG emerged from the dural vascular plexus and the vascular network of the plexal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Uniform and specific intraganglionic dense capillary network was observed for each sensory trigeminal neuron. Conclusions: The reported features of the TG vasculature could be implied in a safer setting for surgical approach to the skull base, in relation to the surrounding structures. The morphometric data on TG vasculature provide anatomical basis for better understanding the complex TG blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries

Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study

Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 fetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from two or three of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%). In total, the mean diameter of the trigeminal branches was 0.222 mm. The trigeminal branch of the ILT supplied medial and middle parts of the TG, branch of the MHT supplied the medial part of the TG, and the branch of the MMA supplied the lateral part of the TG. Additional arteries for the TG emerged from the dural vascular plexus and the vascular network of the plexal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Uniform and specific intraganglionic dense capillary network was observed for each sensory trigeminal neuron. Conclusions: The reported features of the TG vasculature could be implied in a safer setting for surgical approach to the skull base, in relation to the surrounding structures. The morphometric data on TG vasculature provide anatomical basis for better understanding the complex TG blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries