Crossed Colonization. Housing Development in Urban Peripheries. The Hispanic-African Colonial Territories, 1912 – 1976 – 2013

This chapter aims to fill a gap in the field of urban studies and colonialism in Africa regarding the processes of design and construction of public housing projects in Hispanic-African territories and their contextualization—at a global and a local scale— both at the time of their construction and in their current situation. To do so, this chapter studies three different cases located in Morocco, Western Sahara and Sidi Ifni, as well as Equatorial Guinea. By analyzing these case studies, the chapter concludes with a reflection upon the relationship between colonialism, power, inequality and spatial transformation in these former Hispanic African territories

Multiphase CT Angiography Improves Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion

Angiography; Intracerebral hemorrhage; PredictionAngiografía; Hemorragia intracerebral; PredicciónAngiografia; Hemorràgia intracerebral; PrediccióPurpose To determine the prevalence of the spot sign and the accuracy of using the spot sign to predict intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion with standardized multiphase computed tomographic (CT) angiography. Materials and Methods This prospective observational cohort study included 123 consecutive patients with acute ICH (onset 33% or >6 mL) at 24 hours. Associations between the presence of the spot sign and substantial hematoma expansion were assessed by using the Pearson χ2 test. Results The later the phase of CT angiography, the higher the frequency of the spot sign. The spot sign was seen in 29.3% of patients in phase 1, 43.1% of patients in phase 2, and 46.3% of patients in phase 3 (P B > C > D > no spot sign (P = .002). Conclusion Multiphase CT angiography can help differentiate among different forms of spot sign presentation and can help stratify patients at risk for hematoma expansion. The more arterial the spot sign pattern, the greater the frequency and extent of expansion

Workflow times and outcomes in patients triaged for a suspected severe stroke

Introduction: Current recommendations for regional stroke destination suggest that patients with severe acute stroke in non-urban areas should be triaged based on the estimated transport time to a referral thrombectomy-capable center. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis to evaluate the association of pre-hospital workflow times with neurological outcomes in patients included in the RACECAT trial. Workflow times evaluated were known or could be estimated before transport allocation. Primary outcome was the shift analysis on the modified Rankin score at 90 days. Results: Among the 1,369 patients included, the median time from onset to emergency medical service (EMS) evaluation, the estimated transport time to a thrombectomy-capable center and local stroke center, and the estimated transfer time between centers were 65 minutes (interquartile ratio [IQR] = 43–138), 61 minutes (IQR = 36–80), 17 minutes (IQR = 9–27), and 62 minutes (IQR = 36–73), respectively. Longer time intervals from stroke onset to EMS evaluation were associated with higher odds of disability at 90 days in the local stroke center group (adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for each 30-minute increment = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.06), with no association in the thrombectomy-capable center group (acOR for each 30-minute increment = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98–1.01, pinteraction = 0.021). No significant interaction was found for other pre-hospital workflow times. In patients evaluated by EMS later than 120 minutes after stroke onset, direct transport to a thrombectomy-capable center was associated with better disability outcomes (acOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.17). Conclusion: We found a significant heterogeneity in the association between initial transport destination and neurological outcomes according to the elapse of time between the stroke onset and the EMS evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02795962). ANN NEUROL 2022;92:931–942

Impacts of biogenic CO2 emissions on human health and terrestrial ecosystems: The case of increased wood extraction for bioenergy production on a global scale

Biofuels are a potentially important source of energy for our society. Common practice in life cycle assessment (LCA) of bioenergy has been to assume that any carbon dioxide (CO2) emission related to biomass combustion equals the amount absorbed in biomass, thus assuming no climate change impacts. Recent developments show the significance of contributions of biogenic CO2 emissions during the time they stay in the atmosphere. The goal of this article is to develop a global, spatially explicit method to quantify the potential impact on human health and terrestrial ecosystems of biogenic carbon emissions coming from forest wood extraction for biofuel production. For this purpose, changes in aboveground carbon stock (delta C forest) due to an increase in wood extraction via changes in rotation time are simulated worldwide with a 0.5x0.5 degree grid resolution. Our results show that both impacts and benefits can be obtained. When the extraction increase is reached by creating a longer rotation time, new growth is allowed resulting in carbon benefits. In a case study, we assessed the life cycle impacts of heat production via wood to determine the significance of including biogenic CO2 emissions due to changes in forest management. Impacts of biogenic CO2 dominate the total climate change impacts from a wood stove. Depending on the wood source country, climate change impacts due to heat production from wood either have an important share in the overall impacts on human health and terrestrial ecosystems, or allow for a large additional CO2 sink. Forestry rotation time; Global scale modelling; Human health impact; Life cycle impact assessment; Spatially explici