3 research outputs found
Identidad, vida y obra del alquimista Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs
Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs is the author of a famous collection of alchemical poems entitled Shudhūr al-dhahab (The Splinters of Gold). In addition to Shudhūr al-dhahab, he authored several other works, including a commentary on Shudhūr, which is discussed here at some length for the first time, and strophic poetry on alchemy. The attribution of other works to him seems to be incorrect, and this applies especially to two works on magic. This contribution focusses on our findings on the identity of Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs and on his life, challenging the identification of the alchemist Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs with a Mālikī religious scholar known as Ibn al-Naqirāt. Based both on manuscripts and on bio-bibliographical literature, we argue that from an early period, two different people, both from sixth/twelfth century Morocco, have been fused into one. Considering all sources, we also suggest that Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs might have left the Islamic west and have written at least some of his works in the east, more specifically in Egypt, thereby explaining the broad reception of Shudhūr al-dhahab throughout the Islamic world, particularly in the Mashriq.Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs es el autor de una colección famosa de poemas alquímicos titulada Šuḏūr al-ḏahab (Las Esquirlas de Oro). Además de Šuḏūr al-ḏahab compuso otras obras — en particular un comentario de las Šuḏūr que está descrito aquí por primera vez más detalladamente — así como poesía estrófica sobre alquimia. La atribución que se suele hacer de algunas obras a Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs parece incorrecta, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a dos obras concretas sobre magia. Esta contribución enfoca nuestros hallazgos sobre la identidad de Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs y su vida, desafiando la identificación del alquimista Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs con un erudito religioso Mālikī conocido como Ibn al-Naqirāt. Basado tanto en los manuscritos como en la literatura bio-bibliográfica, suponemos que dos personas diferentes, ambas del Marruecos del siglo VI/XII, probablemente han sido fusionadas en una en un período bastante temprano. Considerando todas las fuentes, sugerimos también que Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs pueda haber dejado el Occidente Islámico y haber escrito por lo menos algunas de sus obras en Oriente, más específicamente en Egipto, lo que explicaría la recepción amplia de Šuḏūr al-ḏahab en todo el Mundo Islámico y especialmente en el Máshreq
Obesity in Patients with Craniopharyngioma: Assessment of Food Intake and Movement Counts Indicating Physical Activity
Synthesis, Characterization, and Nanoencapsulation of Tetrathiatriarylmethyl and Tetrachlorotriarylmethyl (Trityl) Radical DerivativesA Study To Advance Their Applicability as in Vivo EPR Oxygen Sensors
Tissue oxygenation
plays an important role in the pathophysiology
of various diseases and is often a marker of prognosis and therapeutic
response. EPR (ESR) is a suitable noninvasive oximetry technique.
However, to reliably deploy soluble EPR probes as oxygen sensors in
complex biological systems, there is still a need to investigate and
improve their specificity, sensitivity, and stability. We reproducibly
synthesized various derivatives of tetrathiatriarylmethyl and tetrachlorotriarylmethyl
(trityl) radicals. Hydrophilic radicals were investigated in aqueous
solution mimicking physiological conditions by, e.g., variation of
viscosity and ionic strength. Their specificity was satisfactory,
but the oxygen sensitivity was low. To enhance the capability of trityl
radicals as oxygen sensors, encapsulation into oily core nanocapsules
was performed. Thus, different lipophilic triesters were prepared
and characterized in oily solution employing oils typically used in
drug formulations, i.e., middle-chain triglycerides and isopropyl
myristate. Our screening identified the deuterated ethyl ester of
D-TAM (radical <b>13</b>) to be suitable. It had an extremely
narrow single EPR line under anoxic conditions and excellent oxygen
sensitivity. After encapsulation, it retained its oxygen responsiveness
and was protected against reduction by ascorbic acid. These biocompatible
and highly sensitive nanosensors offer great potential for future
EPR oximetry applications in preclinical research