Differences in honey bee bacterial diversity andcomposition in agricultural and pristine environments–afield study

Agrochemicals and biocides are suspected to cause a dysbiosis of honey bee microbiota, decreasing colonies ability to respond to the environment. As a first step to investigate agriculture and beekeeping impact, hives bacteriomes from an anthropized environment (Agri-env) were compared to that of pristine's (Prist-env). 16S rRNA sequencing evidenced differences in richness and composition between sample types (Gut (G), Brood (B), Bee-bread (BB)) and environments. Higher opportunist loads and shifts toward taxa capable of metabolizing insecticides were observed in G and B at Agri-env, while beneficial bacteria were enriched in Prist-env. Bacteria in BB did not differ, the acidity of the niche outweighing the influence of external factors. Results showed the environment plays a major role in shaping honey bee microbiota, the agricultural realm inducing a bacterial disruption that would let to colonies vulnerability. In contrast, a less susceptible bee will be promoted in less anthropized locations.The authors thank for technical and human support provided by General Genomics Service -Sequencing and Genotyping Unit -SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). We are grateful to Dr. Mikel Aguirre for his support with bioinformatics. We are also grateful to the "Sustainable Management of Resilient Bee Populations (SMARTBEES) project (7PM-COOP-LCP13/08) for their collaboration. This research was supported by the Genomic Resources research group (http://www.genomic-resources.eus) of the Basque University System (IT1014-16) supported by the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque government. Editoria

A short exposure to a semi-natural habitat alleviates the honey bee hive microbial imbalance caused by agricultural stress

Honeybee health and the species' gut microbiota are interconnected. Also noteworthy are the multiple niches present within hives, each with distinct microbiotas and all coexisting, which we termed "apibiome". External stressors (e.g. anthropization) can compromise microbial balance and bee resilience. We hypothesised that (1) the bacterial communities of hives located in areas with different degrees of anthropization differ in composition, and (2) due to interactions between the multiple microbiomes within the apibiome, changes in the community of a niche would impact the bacteria present in other hive sections. We characterised the bacterial consortia of different niches (bee gut, bee bread, hive entrance and internal hive air) of 43 hives from 3 different environments (agricultural, semi-natural and natural) through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Agricultural samples presented lower community evenness, depletion of beneficial bacteria, and increased recruitment of stress related pathways (predicted via PICRUSt2). The taxonomic and functional composition of gut and hive entrance followed an environmental gradient. Arsenophonus emerged as a possible indicator of anthropization, gradually decreasing in abundance from agriculture to the natural environment in multiple niches. Importantly, after 16 days of exposure to a semi-natural landscape hives showed intermediate profiles, suggesting alleviation of microbial dysbiosis through reduction of anthropization.This work was funded by the Dept. of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government (Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza), R&D&I grants for the agricultural, food and fishing sectors of the Basque Autonomous Community (37-2017-00044), and the Research Group IT1233-19 of the Basque University System. JG was supported by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of the Basque Government (Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza) through a subsidy programme of training aid and support. These funding bodies provided the financial support to the research, but did not participate in the design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript

Response of Horticultural Soil Microbiota to Different Fertilization Practices

Environmentally friendly agricultural production necessitates manipulation of microbe–plant interactions, requiring a better understanding of how farming practices influence soil microbiota. We studied the effect of conventional and organic treatment on soil bacterial richness, composition, and predicted functional potential. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to soils from adjacent plots receiving either a synthetic or organic fertilizer, where two crops were grown within treatment, homogenizing for differences in soil properties, crop, and climate. Conventional fertilizer was associated with a decrease in soil pH, an accumulation of Ag, Mn, As, Fe, Co, Cd, and Ni; and an enrichment of ammonia oxidizers and xenobiotic compound degraders (e.g., Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Nitrospira, Bacillus, Pseudomonas). Soils receiving organic fertilization were enriched in Ti (crop biostimulant), N, and C cycling bacteria (denitrifiers, e.g., Azoarcus, Anaerolinea; methylotrophs, e.g., Methylocaldum, Methanosarcina), and disease-suppression (e.g., Myxococcales). Some predicted functions, such as glutathione metabolism, were slightly, but significantly enriched after a one-time manure application, suggesting the enhancement of sulfur regulation, nitrogen-fixing, and defense of environmental stressors. The study highlights that even a single application of organic fertilization is enough to originate a rapid shift in soil prokaryotes, responding to the differential substrate availability by promoting soil health, similar to recurrent applications.This work was supported by the Earth Microbiome Project; the METAMAHA project funded by the Basque Government’s Department of Industry, Trade, and Tourism (SAIOTEK program; S-PE13UN130); and IT1014-16 and IT1213-19 Consolidated Research Group Projects

Labels on seafood products in different European countries and their compliance to EU legislation

Funding Information: This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund Interreg Atlantic Area, EAPA_87/2016 .Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Seafood labelling in different eu countries and their compliance to eu regulations

Poster.-- Aquaculture Europe 2021, October 4-7, Funchal-Madeira, PortugalN

Differentiation of the production method in turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus) through the associated microbiota

Poster.-- II International Symposium on Labelling and Authenticity of Seafood – ISLAS 2021, 20th and 21st October, VigoN

High variability in parvalbumin beta 1 genes offers new molecular options for controlling the mislabeling in commercial Salmonids

This study was supported by the Regional Government of Asturias (Grant GRUPIN-2014-093). M. Muñoz-Colmenero holds a national Spanish Grant (reference AP-2010-5211).Fish consumption has many health benefits, but may encompass some risks such as allergic reactions. The main responsible of fish allergy is parvalbumins, being one of the most common parvalbumin beta 1 proteins (Pvalb1) in many fish species. IgE-mediated cross-reactivity may occur between Pvalb1 of different species, and there are also cases of species-specific allergic reactions for only a few fish species. The frequent exchanges Salmo and Oncorhynchus genera found in commercial products demonstrate the great need to continue investigating new tools for the control of mislabeling. In this study, we have amplified by PCR, the parvalbumin beta 1 gene, and analyzed the intron and exon diversity in three genera (Oncorhynchus, Salmo, and Salvelinus), to evaluate the variability of this gene in Salmonids’ group. High variability and occurrence of species-specific SNPs found make this gene suitable as powerful species identification tool. In addition, three putative proteins were inferred from translated DNA sequences, which are worthy to investigate, because of their potentially different effect in the fish allergic reaction of salmonid-sensitive consumers.Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Seasonal and Geographical Analysis of the Eukaryotes Present in the Diet of Galician Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis

World Seafood Congress 2023 in association with International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, 25-27 September 2023, Peniche, PortugalN

Economy matters: A study of mislabeling in salmon products from two regions, Alaska and Canada (Northwest of America) and Asturias (Northwest of Spain)

This study was supported by the Principality of Asturias under the Grant GRUPIN-2014-093. MMC holds a Spanish National Grant (FPU) (reference AP-2010-5211).Mislabeling of seafood species has negative economic, social and ecological consequences, from consumer losses due to fraudulent exchange, undermining consumer awareness, to hiding illegal and unreported catches. Salmonids are no exception. They are an important part of the culture and economy of many countries in the northern hemisphere, and identifying possible causes of salmon mislabeling is of great interest, even more so where wild species and species from aquaculture are consumed. Here different types of commercial unrecognizable salmonid products (111 in total) from Asturias in Northwest Spain (Atlantic Ocean), and Alaska and Vancouver Island in Northwest America (Pacific Ocean) were analyzed by DNA Barcoding. The Spanish and Northwest American samples were mislabeled 6% and 23.8% respectively. Species substitutions were respectively wild-farmed and wild-wild, substitute species being cheaper. Economic reasons and social preference of wild over farmed products seem to be the main drivers in the exchanges detected in this study. Enhancing controls over the unrecognizable products to prevent this type of fraud is essential and strongly recommended.Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu