Redox-related metabolites and gene expression modulated by sugar in sunflower leaves: similarities with Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus-induced symptom

Sugars are part of an integrated redox system, since they are key regulators of respiration and photosynthesis, and therefore of the levels of reducing power, ATP and ROS. These elements are major determinants of the cellular redox state, which is involved in the perception and regulation of many endogenous and environmental stimuli. Our previous findings suggested that early sugar increase produced during compatible Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV) infection might modulate chlorotic symptom development through redox state alteration in sunflower. The purpose of this work was to characterize redox-related metabolites and gene expression changes associated with high sugar availability and symptom development induced by SuCMoV. The results show that sugar caused an increase in glutathione, ascorbate, pyridine nucleotides, and ATP. In addition, higher sugar availability reduced hydrogen peroxide and ΦPSII. This finding suggests that high sugar availability would be associated with cellular redox alteration and photoinhibitory process. The expression of the genes analyzed was also strongly affected by sugar, such as the down-regulation of psbA and up-regulation of psbO and cp29. The expression level of cytoplasmic (apx-1 and gr)- and chloroplastic (Fe-sod)-targeted genes was also significantly enhanced in sugar-treated leaves. Therefore, all these responses suggest that sugars induce chloroplastic redox state alteration with photoinhibition process that could be contributing to chlorotic symptom development during SuCMoV infection.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Rodriguez, Marianela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lascano, Hernan Ramiro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Expression of animal anti-apoptotic gene ced-9 enhances tolerance during Glycine max L.– Bradyrhizobium japonicum interaction under saline stress but reduces nodule formation

The mechanisms by which the expression of animal cell death suppressors in economically important plants conferred enhanced stress tolerance are not fully understood. In the present work, the effect of expression of animal antiapoptotic gene Ced-9 in soybean hairy roots was evaluated under root hairs and hairy roots death-inducing stress conditions given by i) Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation in presence of 50 mM NaCl, and ii) severe salt stress (150 mM NaCl), for 30 min and 3 h, respectively. We have determined that root hairs death induced by inoculation in presence of 50 mM NaCl showed characteristics of ordered process, with increased ROS generation, MDA and ATP levels, whereas the cell death induced by 150 mM NaCl treatment showed non-ordered or necrotic-like characteristics. The expression of Ced-9 inhibited or at least delayed root hairs death under these treatments. Hairy roots expressing Ced-9 had better homeostasis maintenance, preventing potassium release; increasing the ATP levels and controlling the oxidative damage avoiding the increase of reactive oxygen species production. Even when our results demonstrate a positive effect of animal cell death suppressors in plant cell ionic and redox homeostasis under cell death-inducing conditions, its expression, contrary to expectations, drastically inhibited nodule formation even under control conditions.Fil: Robert, German. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Melchiorre, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Federico. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Lascano, Hernan Ramiro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Potential Uses of Wild Germplasms of Grain Legumes for Crop Improvement

Challenged by population increase, climatic change, and soil deterioration, crop improvement is always a priority in securing food supplies. Although the production of grain legumes is in general lower than that of cereals, the nutritional value of grain legumes make them important components of food security. Nevertheless, limited by severe genetic bottlenecks during domestication and human selection, grain legumes, like other crops, have suffered from a loss of genetic diversity which is essential for providing genetic materials for crop improvement programs. Illustrated by whole-genome-sequencing, wild relatives of crops adapted to various environments were shown to maintain high genetic diversity. In this review, we focused on nine important grain legumes (soybean, peanut, pea, chickpea, common bean, lentil, cowpea, lupin, and pigeonpea) to discuss the potential uses of their wild relatives as genetic resources for crop breeding and improvement, and summarized the various genetic/genomic approaches adopted for these purposes.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences; China. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ailin, Liu. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences; ChinaFil: Leo, Kan. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences; ChinaFil: Man-Wah, Li. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences; ChinaFil: Hon-Ming, Lam. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences; Chin

EEA Balcarce: 75 años de aportes y compromiso

En el 75 aniversario de creación de la EEA Balcarce creemos que es un modelo a profundizar, donde la investigación, la extensión y la educación y formación de profesionales se conjugan para la co-construcción del conocimiento y tecnología para el crecimiento de nuestro país.EEA BalcarceFil: Garmendia, Mariano Dante. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Presidencia; Argentina.Fil: Muñoz, Nacira Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Vicepresidencia; Argentina.Fil: Parera, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Dirección Nacional; Argentina

Redox Systemic Signaling and Induced Tolerance Responses During Soybean–Bradyrhizobium japonicum Interaction: Involvement of Nod Factor Receptor and Autoregulation of Nodulation

The symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia induces local and systemic responses, which ultimately lead to nodule formation. The autoregulation of nodulation (AON) is a systemic mechanism related to innate immunity that controls nodule development and involves different components ranging from hormones, peptides, receptors to small RNAs. Here, we characterized a rapid systemic redox changes induced during soybean–Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiotic interaction. A transient peak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was found in soybean leaves after 30 min of root inoculation with B. japonicum. The ROS response was accompanied by changes in the redox state of glutathione and by activation of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the ROS peak and antioxidant enzyme activation were abolished in leaves by the addition, in either root or leaf, of DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Likewise, these systemic redox changes primed the plant increasing its tolerance to photooxidative stress. With the use of non-nodulating nfr5-mutant and hyper-nodulating nark-mutant soybean plants, we subsequently studied the systemic redox changes. The nfr5-mutant lacked the systemic redox changes after inoculation, whereas the nark-mutant showed a similar redox systemic signaling than the wild type plants. However, neither nfr5- nor nark-mutant exhibited tolerance to photooxidative stress condition. Altogether, these results demonstrated that (i) the early redox systemic signaling during symbiotic interaction depends on a Nod factor receptor, and that (ii) the induced tolerance response depends on the AON mechanisms

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase function at very early symbiont perception: a local nodulation control under stress conditions?

Root hair curling is an early and essential morphological change required for the success of the symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia. At this stage rhizobia grow as an infection thread within root hairs and are internalized into the plant cells by endocytosis, where the PI3K enzyme plays important roles. Previous observations show that stress conditions affect early stages of the symbiotic interaction, from 2 to 30 min post-inoculation, which we term as very early host responses, and affect symbiosis establishment. Herein, we demonstrated the relevance of the very early host responses for the symbiotic interaction. PI3K and the NADPH oxidase complex are found to have key roles in the microsymbiont recognition response, modulating the apoplastic and intracellular/endosomal ROS induction in root hairs. Interestingly, compared with soybean mutant plants that do not perceive the symbiont, we demonstrated that the very early symbiont perception under sublethal saline stress conditions induced root hair death. Together, these results highlight not only the importance of the very early host-responses on later stages of the symbiont interaction, but also suggest that they act as a mechanism for local control of nodulation capacity, prior to the abortion of the infection thread, preventing the allocation of resources/energy for nodule formation under unfavorable environmental conditions.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Robert, German. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Alvarado-Affantranger, Xochitl. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Saavedra, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Davidenco, Vanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez-Kessler, Margarita. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Estrada-Navarrete, Georgina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Sanchez, Federico. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Lascano, Hernan Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Bean yellow mosaic virus infecting broad bean in the green belt of Córdoba, Argentina

Broad bean (Vicia faba L) is the fourth most important pulse crop in the world. In Argentina, broad bean production was of 1,841 hectares and 16,500 tons during the 2017 growing season. Broad bean is commonly used in rotations; especially by farmers located in “green belts” that are peri-urban areas surrounding large cities that include horticultural family farms. Plants showing marked foliar mosaic symptoms, typical of viral infection, were collected during the 2015 growing season in the green belt of Córdoba city, Argentina. Preparations of symptomatic tissues were mechanically inoculated onto healthy broad bean plants in the greenhouse, which developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. In addition, symptomatic samples were positive when tested by indirect ELISA with the anti-potyvirus group monoclonal antibody. Further, flexuous filamentous particles typical of potyviruses were observed under the electronic microscope on dip preparations. Lastly, total RNA was extracted from a symptomatic leaf and high-throughput sequenced, which allowed the assembly of a single virus sequence corresponding to a new highly divergent strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Phylogenetic insights clustered this Argentinean broad bean isolate (BYMV-ARGbb) within group IX of BYMV. Given the economical importance of this virus and its associated disease, the results presented here are a pivotal first step oriented to explore the eventual incidence and epidemiological parameters of BYMV in broad bean in Argentina.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Rodriguez Pardina, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Nome Docampo, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Reyna, Pablo Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Reyna, Pablo Gastón. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN).Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Arguello Caro, Evangelina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Arguello Caro, Evangelina Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias (FCA). Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola,; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Andres Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Luque, Andres Vicente. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Potencial micorrícico de bosques del Chaco Árido con distintos niveles de degradación por uso ganadero-forestal

PosterLos cambios en la cobertura vegetal causados por el uso ganaderoforestal pueden afectar a los microorganismos de suelo e incidir en la diversidad de la rizósfera y sus múltiples interacciones.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Sagadin, Monica Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Sagadin, Monica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA) ; ArgentinaFil: Cavallero, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cavallero, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Estación Forestal Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Alaggia, Francisco Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Estación Forestal Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA) ; ArgentinaFil: Melchiorre, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Melchiorre, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA) ; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Dardo Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Estación Forestal Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; Argentin

Efecto de la aplicación de Bocashi como bioinsumo mejorador del suelo en la producción del cultivo de frutilla

La experiencia contempló el uso de bocashi, bioinsumo utilizado por productores agroecológicos como enmienda orgánica. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de bocashi sobre las propiedades microbiológicas y químicas del suelo y la producción del cultivo de frutillas. El ensayo incluyó cuatro aplicaciones de 200 g bocashi/planta durante el periodo productivo del cultivo, a las que se comparó con plantas control, un suelo hortícola arado y un suelo prístino. El muestreo de suelo se realizó poscosecha del cultivo (Enero 2018). Se evaluaron parámetros microbianos y químicos en suelo y de rendimiento en el cultivo. En general, los parámetros edáficos y el rendimiento no logaron diferenciar la aplicación de bocashi al cultivo de frutilla respecto del control. Actualmente, la experiencia se encuentra evaluando la aplicación de bocashi en su segundo año consecutivo del cultivo de frutilla.The experience included the use of bocashi, bioinsumes used by agroecological producers as organic amendment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of bocashi on the microbiological and chemical properties of the soil and the production of the strawberry crop. The trial included four applications of 200 g bocashi/plant (B) during the productive period of the crop, which was compared with control plants (C), a plowed horticultural soil (H) and a pristine soil (P). Soil sampling was carried out after the crop was harvested (January 2018). Soil microbial and chemical parameters and yield were evaluated. In general, the edaphic parameters and yield did not differentiate the application of bocashi to the strawberry crop with respect to the control. Currently, the application of bocashi is being evaluated for the second consecutive year of strawberry cultivation.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Serri, Dannae Lilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Sibilia, Sofia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Silbert, Violeta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología. Industrial - Córdoba (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, María Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Ruggia, Ornela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia de Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Campo, Horacio. Productor-experimentador; ArgentinaFil: Narmona, Luis. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Bioinsumos e Investigación Acción Participativa en el cinturón verde de Córdoba

El “Equipo Interinstitucional de apoyo a la Intensificación Ecológica para la Producción de Alimentos de Proximidad” desarrolla Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) con productores del cinturón verde de Córdoba (CVC) para la transición hacia sistemas agroecológicos como proceso de construcción de conocimiento para la innovación continua. Mediante un enfoque integral y transdisciplinar se trabaja en equipos compuestos por investigadores, extensionistas y productores. Esta experiencia se realizó en la unidad productiva agroecológica del Sr. Horacio Campo con la aplicación de enmienda orgánica “bokashi” en frutilla para evaluar el efecto sobre el suelo y sobre el cultivo. El conocimiento generado motivó al Sr. Horacio Rial, a probar “bokashi” y compost comercial en lechuga para evaluar su efecto sobre la sanidad del cultivo. Este trabajo presenta el proceso y reflexiones sobre la experiencia.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Ruggia, Ornela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia de Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Narmona, Luis. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE. Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Silbert, Violeta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología. Industrial - Córdoba (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, María Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Serri, Dannae Lilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Yosviak, Maria Iohanna. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Campo, Horacio. Productor del Cinturón Verde de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rial, Horacio. Productor del Cinturón Verde de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin