Validez de instrumentos de medición sobre Acoso Laboral en médicos.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la validez del instrumento de medición (encuesta) de la investigación “Acoso Laboral en Médicos Generales y Especialistas –Pereira y Dosquebradas- 2006 (ALMEP)”. El instrumento fue sometido a dos criterios de validación: de “apariencia” y “de constructo”, útiles para determinar su consistencia interna, su confiabilidad y su capacidad predictiva. Los resultados del estudio confirman que el instrumento de medición utilizado en la investigación mencionada, responde al marco teórico que la sustenta. Su contenido es suficiente y necesario en concordancia con el contexto legal existente. Con respecto a la validación de constructo los resultados permitieron extractar dieciséis componentes linealmente independientes que, en conjunto, proporcionan una capacidad predictiva superior al 70%. Todo lo anterior permite concluir que el instrumento de medición (encuesta sobre acoso laboral) en estudio, es confiable, predictivo y seguro; por lo tanto, es posible utilizarlo con un gran margen de seguridad en éste y en otros estudios similares. Adicionalmente, el estudio enfatiza la importancia de la calidad de los instrumentos de medición y subraya la necesidad de ser rigurosos en la fase de la investigación que tiene que ver con su diseño y validación

Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change.

The conference papers of the Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change collect pedagogical experiences, research reports, and reflections about social issues, language teaching, teaching training, interculturality under the panorama of the Covid-19 pandemic. Each paper invites the reader to implement changes in their teaching practice through disruptive pedagogies, reflect on the social and emotional consequences of the lockdown, new paths for teacher training and different approaches for teaching interculturality. We expect to inspire new ways to train pre-service teachers and teach languages in this changing times

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Validez de instrumentos de medición sobre Acoso Laboral en médicos

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la validez del instrumento de medición (encuesta) de la investigación “Acoso Laboral en Médicos Generales y Especialistas –Pereira y Dosquebradas- 2006 (ALMEP)”. El instrumento fue sometido a dos criterios de validación: de “apariencia” y “de constructo”, útiles para determinar su consistencia interna, su confiabilidad y su capacidad predictiva. Los resultados del estudio confirman que el instrumento de medición utilizado en la investigación mencionada, responde al marco teórico que la sustenta. Su contenido es suficiente y necesario en concordancia con el contexto legal existente. Con respecto a la validación de constructo los resultados permitieron extractar dieciséis componentes linealmente independientes que, en conjunto, proporcionan una capacidad predictiva superior al 70%. Todo lo anterior permite concluir que el instrumento de medición (encuesta sobre acoso laboral) en estudio, es confiable, predictivo y seguro; por lo tanto, es posible utilizarlo con un gran margen de seguridad en éste y en otros estudios similares. Adicionalmente, el estudio enfatiza la importancia de la calidad de los instrumentos de medición y subraya la necesidad de ser rigurosos en la fase de la investigación que tiene que ver con su diseño y validación