Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of four different extracts of Galega officinalis L (Goat’s rue)

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of four different solvent extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Galega officinalis L.Methods: The hexane, DCM, methanol and water extracts of G. officinalis were successively obtained by soxhlet extraction method. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed against human lung carcinoma (A-549), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human brain glioblastoma (U-87), and colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) by Resazurine test. The antioxidant activity of extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau, oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC), and 2’.7’-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH-DA) cell-based assay while their anti-inflammatory activity was determined by nitric oxide (NO) assay.Results: DCM extract showed strong cytotoxic activity against lung adenocarcinoma and brain glioblastoma cell lines, with IC50 (concentration inhibiting 50 % of cell growth) values of 11 ± 0.4 and 16 ± 3 μg/mL, respectively. The hexane extract showed moderate anticancer activity against the same cell lines (59 ± 13 and 63 ± 16 μg/mL, respectively). DCM extract also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting NO release by 86.7 % at 40 μg/mL in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Of all test extracts, the methanol extract of G. officinalis showed the highest antioxidant activity with 2.33 ± 0.09 μmol Trolox/mg , 7.10 ± 0.9 g tannic acid equivalent (TAE), and IC50 of 44 ± 4 μg/mL.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that DCM extract may possess anticancer effect against lung adenocarcinoma and brain glioblastoma, as well as serve as an anti-inflammatory agent.Keywords: Galega officinalis L, Biological activity, Bioassay, Anticancer, Lung adenocarcinoma, Brain glioblastoma, Goat’s ru

Volatile compounds in the foliage of balsam fir analyzed by static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) : an example of the spruce budworm defoliation effect in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada

Many studies have focused on the influence of needle defense compounds that are produced when trees are attacked. Spruce budworm is the most important defoliator of conifers in eastern North America causing tree mortality. Volatile components such as terpenes are of importance as they are known to be agents of defense in plants and trees against many aggressors like spruce budworm. In this study, the static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was used to evaluate volatile compounds in the foliage of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in order to compare the results obtained with the traditional GC–MS method. An advantage of analyzing plant volatile compounds with the HS-GC was the simplicity of execution, allowing a large number of samples to be treated. The most abundant volatile molecules were identified on the HS-GC chromatogram, except for some compounds such as α-thujene, fenchone, terpin-1-en-4-ol and α-terpineol. In addition to the qualitative analysis of terpene, a quantitative analysis of β-phellandrene was done to compare the variation of this compound between a control and a defoliated site. This study suggests that β-phellandrene was released as a response to injuries when the site was heavily defoliated by spruce budworm

Steroidal glycosides from the flowers of Allium leucanthum

Furostanol and spirostanol glycosides 1 and 2 were isolated from the flowers of Allium leucanthum, a Caucasian endemic species that grows in Georgia. The structures were established on the base of chemical evidence and spectral analyses ( (1) H, (13) C NMR, (1) H- (1) H COSY, (1) H- (13) C COSY, HMBC, and HR-MS) data. Compound 1 (leucofuranoside A) was reported for the first time and was identified as 26-O-beta-Dglucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,6 beta-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-alactopyranoside. Compound 2 was identified as (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-3 beta,6 beta-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside and described for the first time in the genus Allium

Study of the cytotoxic activity of indole alkaloids from the aboveground organs of Vinca rosea L. Introduced in Western Georgia

The objects of this research were the aboveground and underground parts of Vinca rosea L., a species of periwinkle introduced in Western Georgia. The sum of alkaloids and biologically aactive fractions of monomeric alkaloids were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction, precipitation with petroleum ether (I), polybuffer distribution (II) and 10% acetic acid (III). 14 known compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS: Low molecular weight compounds (М+226, М+202, №1,2, М+168) and alkaloids Ajmalicine, Tetragidroalstonine, C20-dihydrova llesiahotamine, C19-C20 Vallesiahotaminole, Vallesiahotamine lacton, Polyneuridine, Pericy clivine, Lochnerame, Norharmane, Vidorosine, Vindolinine, Isovindolinine, Akuammicine. The cytotoxicity of monomeric alkaloids was evaluated for A-549 (cells of the lung cancer line), DLD-1 (cells of the rectal adenocarcinoma line) and W-1 (cells of the normal human fibroblast line). All three substances (I, II, III) showed pronounced cytotoxic activity

Coumarins from Daphne axilliflora (Keissl.) Pobed. and the anatomical characteristics of its leaves and stems

The aim of the study was to determine the stable diagnostic traits of a Caucasian endemic plant Daphne axilliflora (Keissl.) Pobed. and study its phytochemical composition. The following stable diagnostic characteristic were identified during the microstructural analysis: leaf surface glabrous, hypostomatic, dorsoventral; epidermal cells chaotic; curved with curved walls on both the upper and lower epidermis; stomata anomocytic; well visible chloroplasts, rhomboid and needle shaped crystals in lower leaf epidermis; leaf vascular bundles reverse-collateral; vascular system monocyclic, bilateral; wood diffuse-porous; xylem parenchyma is apotracheal, scanty metatracheal; vessel walls are predominantly characterized by spiral and pitted thickening; collenchyma lamellar; radial rays in single rows, heterogeneous. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpene and phenolic substances, including coumarins. Two well-known coumarins (daphnin and daphnetin) were isolated and identified

Synthesis and biological activity of hydrazones of 5α-steroids.

Condensation reactions catalyzed by acetic acid of severalarylhydrazine (2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine) and hydrazides (hydrazides of bromobenzoic and salicylic acid, benzofuran-2- and indol-2-carboxylicacid) with 3β-acetoxy- and 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one (1 and 2), epiandrosterone (6) and 5α-androst-2-en-17- one (9) were studied for the purpose of synthesizing potentially bioactive 5-steroidal hydrazones. The starting ketones (1,2,6,9) were synthesized on the bases of aglicon of steroidal saponine - tigogenin isolated from plant “Yucca gloriosa” introduced in Georgia. The structures of synthesized new hydrazones (3-5,7,8,10,11) were established by NMR 1H, 13C and mass-spectral data. The antiviral activity some of them (7,8,10,11) were studied

Synthesis of some novel nitrogen-containing 5α-steroids based on tigogenin

A number of nitrogen-containing compounds were obtained using a condensation reaction catalyzed by acetic acid to investigate structure-chemical reactivity and structure-biological activity relationships in the search for potential biologically active steroids within ketones of the 5α-pregnane and 5α-androstane series. Novel steroidal hydrazones were synthesized from 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one and 5α-pregna-9(11),16-dien-3α-ol-20-one, which, in turn, were obtained by a multistep transformation of 3β-acetoxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one. All of the starting steroid ketones were synthesized on the basis of a convenient domestic raw material – tigogenin, isolated from the Yucca gloriosa plant introduced in Georgia. Acetic acid catalyzed condensation reaction was carried out in ethanol using various reagents with pharmacophoric features – arylhydrazides, arylhydrazines, hydroxylamine, and semicarbazide. The structure of the newly obtained steroids was confirmed by1 H,13 C NMR, mass spectra and investigation of their biological activity is in process. The cytotoxic and antiviral activity of the previously synthesized steroid oximes, amines and hydrazones was assessed

Isolation and Identification of Steroid and Flavonoid Glycosides from the Flowers of Allium gramineum

peer reviewedThe isolation and identification of β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3,4'-di-O-β-glucopyranosideand isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranosidefrom the flowers of Allium gramineumthat growsin Georgia.The structures of isolated compounds havebeen determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Isolation and Identification of Steroid and Flavonoid Glycosides from the Flowers of Allium gramineum. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305851744_Isolation_and_Identification_of_Steroid_and_Flavonoid_Glycosides_from_the_Flowers_of_Allium_gramineum [accessed Aug 5, 2016]

Synthesis of some 5α-androstano[17,16-d]pyrazoles from tigogenin

Condensation reaction of several arylhydrazines with 16α, 17α-epoxy-5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one synthesized from 5α-pregn-16-en-3β-ol-20-one–intermediate product of tigogenin transformation – were studied for the purpose of synthesizing potentially bioactive 5α-androstano [17,16-d] pyrazoles. Despite various conditions (different temperature, in protic and aprotic solvents) of the reaction, a complex mixture was obtained and then separated by column chromatography (eluent-hexane-ethylacetate). Two main products of intermolecular cyclization: 5α-androstano [17,16-d] pyrazole and its hydrogenated analogue – 5α-androstano [17,16-d]pyrazolines were isolated by substitution of electron-donating group (phenylhydrazine, p-methyl-, p-bromophenylhydrazine) at the hydrazine amine atom. In the presence of electron-withdrawing group (p-nitrophenylhydrazine) at the hydrazine amine atom cis-opening product of epoxygroup – 16α-acetoxy-5α-pregnan-3β, 17α-diol-20-one hydrazine – was obtained. The structures of synthesized compounds were established by NMR1H,13C and mass-spectral data. Structures of 3β-hydroxy-1/-phenyl-3/-methyl-5α-androstano [17,16-d] pyrazoles were confirmed by IR, NMR1H,13C, DEPT-135, HMBC and mass-spectral data. Synthesis of 5α-androstano [17,16-d] pyrazolines with 5α-androstano [17,16-d] pyrazoles by condensation reactions in the mentioned conditions was not described previously

Abibalsamins A and B, two new tetraterpenoids from Abies balsamea oleoresin

Abibalsamins A (1) and B (2), two unprecedented tetraterpenoids featuring a 3,4-seco-rearranged lanostane system fused with a β-myrcene lateral chain via a [4 + 2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition, were isolated from the oleoresin of Abies balsamea. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive 2D NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopy analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines