La decorazione della grotta degli Animali: note sulle vicende conservative dall’epoca sabauda ad oggi

The essay deals with events concerning the history of the conservation of the “Cave of the Animals” from the Savoy period to the present day. Thanks to documentation found in the Central State Archive, it was possible to analyse some aspects of its maintenance and the proposals concerning the main restorations made to the sculptures in the Garden: the fountain of Hercules and Antaeus, as well as to the Cave of the Animals. This maintenance continued sporadically over the years until the Eighties of the last century, when important restoration activities were undertaken. This allowed the progressive recovery of the decorated surfaces and of the hydraulic system of the Cave of the Animals

Programa de habilidades sociales en el clima social escolar en los estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria, El Porvenir 2017

La niñez es una etapa muy importante en el desarrollo integral de toda persona, lo que conlleva a la necesidad de que crezca en un ambiente de buenas relaciones interpersonales, involucrando espacios familiares, sociales y educativos. Bajo este enfoque, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de influencia del Programa de Habilidades Sociales en el Clima Social Escolar en los Estudiantes de 4° Grado de Primaria de la Institución Educativa de Acción Conjunta “La Caridad” del distrito El Porvenir, 2017.La población estuvo conformada por 413 estudiantes de ambos sexos del 1° al 6° grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa de Acción Conjunta “La Caridad” del distrito El Porvenir, 2017.La muestra estuvo constituida por 68 estudiantes del 4° grado de primaria donde 34 estudiantes de la sección “A” conformaron el grupo experimental y34 estudiantes de la sección “B” como grupo control. El tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia, siendo grupos asignados. Se aplicó una metodología de tipo cuantitativa y aplicada. El diseño utilizado fue cuasi experimental y el instrumento fue una escala para medir el nivel de clima social escolar, del cual se realizó la validación y confiabilidad del instrumento que fueron los siguientes: Validez de Contenido, resultando válido mediante Juicio de Expertos con un Coeficiente de Aiken de 1.00. Validez de Criterio, obteniendo el valor (r: 0.75) lo que determinó que existió correlación positiva. Validez de Constructo (KMO 0.64 > 0.5 – 4 factores) y una Consistencia Interna, (Confiabilidad), a través del Coeficiente de KR-20 de 0.80, demostrándose que es un instrumento confiable. Los resultados encontrados fueron los siguientes: en el nivel Desfavorable en el grupo control, en el pre test 0.0% y en el post test 11.8%; en el grupo experimental, en el pre test 2.9% y en el post test 5.9%; en el nivel Poco Favorable en el grupo control, en el pre test 91.2% y en el post test 70.6%; en el grupo experimental, en el pre test 94.1% y en el post test 14.7%; en el nivel Favorable en el grupo control, en el pre test 8.8% y en el post test 17.6%; en el grupo experimental, en el pre test 2.9% y en el post test 79.4%. Por esta razón, se considera que el Programa de Habilidades Sociales fue altamente significativo, pues logró mejorar el Clima Social Escolar en los Estudiantes de 4° Grado de Primaria de la Institución Educativa de Acción Conjunta “La Caridad” del distrito El Porvenir, 2017

Premature aging and immune senescence in HIV-infected children

Objective: Several pieces of evidence indicate that HIV-infected adults undergo premature aging. The effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure on the aging process of HIV-infected children may be more deleterious since their immune system coevolves from birth with HIV. Design: Seventy-one HIV-infected (HIV+), 65 HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU), and 56 HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) children, all aged 0\u20135 years, were studied for biological aging and immune senescence. Methods: Telomere length and T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circle levels were quantified in peripheral blood cells by real-time PCR. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were analysed for differentiation, senescence, and activation/exhaustion markers by flow cytometry. Results: Telomere lengths were significantly shorter in HIV+ than in HEU and HUU children (overall, P < 0.001 adjusted for age); HIV+ ART-naive (42%) children had shorter telomere length compared with children on ART (P = 0.003 adjusted for age). T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circle levels and CD8+ recent thymic emigrant cells (CD45RA+CD31+) were significantly lower in the HIV+ than in control groups (overall, P = 0.025 and P = 0.005, respectively). Percentages of senescent (CD28-CD57+), activated (CD38+HLA-DR+), and exhausted (PD1+) CD8+ cells were significantly higher in HIV+ than in HEU and HUU children (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Within the CD4+ cell subset, the percentage of senescent cells did not differ between HIV+ and controls, but programmed cell death receptor-1 expression was upregulated in the former. Conclusions: HIV-infected children exhibit premature biological aging with accelerated immune senescence, which particularly affects the CD8+ cell subset. HIV infection per se seems to influence the aging process, rather than exposure to ART for prophylaxis or treatmen

Configuración de las Prácticas de la Crianza y el Cuidado de los Niños y Niñas con Perspectiva de Género en Parejas de Activistas Sociales en Bogotá

Analizar cómo se configuran las prácticas de crianza y cuidado de niñas y niños con perspectiva de género en parejas activistas sociales en BogotáEste documento de investigación se enfoca en analizar cómo se configuran las prácticas de crianza y cuidado de los niños y niñas con perspectiva de género en parejas de activistas sociales en Bogotá. Para ello se realizó una revisión de documentos académicos, sobre las pautas de crianza y cuidado infantil, la mirada desde los feminismos y las nuevas masculinidades, la maternidad, la paternidad, los disensos, corresponsabilidad y retos de la crianza y cuidado de niñas y niños teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de género. Las conclusiones de la investigación arrojan que se buscan formas de organizar las responsabilidades por parte de los padres y madres en relación a la crianza y cuidado de los hijos e hijas basados en la igualdad, pero las prácticas revelan la persistencia de modos de organización asociados a los patrones tradicionales según el género.This research focuses on analyzing how parenting and caring practices for children with a gender perspective are configured of social activists couples in Bogotá. To this end, a review of academic documents was carried out, about the patterns of parenting and childcare, with a gaze from feminisms and new masculinities, motherhood, fatherhood, dissent, co-responsibility and challenges of raising and caring for girls and boys taking into account the gender perspective. This research finding show that ways are sought to organize responsibilities on the part of parents in relation to the upbringing and care of children based on equality, but the practices reveal the persistence the organizational modes associated with traditional gender patterns

Sub-tissue localization of phytochemicals in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. growing in Northern Italy

In the present paper, we focused our attention on Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. (Lauraceae), studied at three levels: (i) micromorphological, with the analysis of the secretory structures and a novel in-depth histochemical characterization of the secreted compounds; (ii) phytochemical, with the characterization of the essential oils from young stems, fruits, and leaves, subjected to different conservation procedures (fresh, dried, stored at −20 °C, stored at −80 °C) and collected in two different years; (iii) bioactive, consisting of a study of the potential antibacterial activity of the essential oils. The micromorphological investigation proved the presence of secretory cells characterized by a multi-layered wall in the young stems and leaves. They resulted in two different types: mucilage cells producing muco-polysaccharides and oil cells with an exclusive terpene production. The phytochemical investigations showed a predominance of monoterpenes over sesquiterpene derivatives; among them, the main components retrieved in all samples were 1,8-cineole followed by α-terpineol and sabinene. Conservation procedures seem to only influence the amounts of specific components, i.e., 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol, while analyses on each plant part revealed the presence of some peculiar secondary constituents for each of them. Finally, the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil showed a promising activity against various microorganisms, as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, we combined a micromorphological and phytochemical approach of the study on different plant parts of C. camphora, linking the occurrence of secretory cells to the production of essential oils. We compared, for the first time, the composition of essential oils derived from different plant matrices conserved with different procedures, allowing us to highlight a relation between the conservation technique and the main components of the profiles. Moreover, the preliminary antibacterial studies evidenced the potential activity of the essential oils against various microorganisms potentially dangerous for plants and humans

Atlante

In order to provide exhaustive documentation concerning the “Cave of the Animals”, the atlas is composed of already known historical documents, as well as of new historical and scientific insights. In the first case, we provide some important figurative documents, fundamental from the historical point of view, regarding a long period between the beginning of the sixteenth century and the late twentieth century. In the second case, the atlas collects results of the work carried out by the GECO Lab of the University of Florence between 2013 and 2015, which illustrates the cave's complex hydraulic system and internal decorations. Regarding the photographic documentation carried out by GECO Lab, the images are the result of the processing of many photographs for obtaining overall high-resolution images. The panoramic image showing the whole Grotto in equirectangular projection is composed of 126 photographs, whereas the images of the basins are represented in a rectilinear projection in order to preserve the straight lines as in a normal photograph using central projection

Evaluation of a New Software Version of the FloTrac/Vigileo (Version 3.02) and a Comparison with Previous Data in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplant Surgery

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Reliable cardiac output monitoring is particularly useful in the cirrhotic patient undergoing liver transplant surgery, because cirrhosis of the liver is associated with a vasodilated and high output state, known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, that challenges the reliability of pulse contour cardiac output technology. The contractility of the ventricle in cirrhosis is impaired, which is tolerated even though the ejection fraction and cardiac output are elevated because of the low peripheral resistance. However, during surgery the cirrhotic patient can decompensate because of the physiological changes and stress of surgery. Recently, we showed that the FloTrac/Vigileo (TM) failed to perform in cirrhotic patients undergoing transplant surgery. In response, the company upgraded their software. Therefore, we have assessed the accuracy and reliability of this new third-generation (version 3.02) FloTrac/Vigileo algorithm software in the same setting. METHODS: The cardiac index was measured simultaneously by single-bolus thermodilution (CI(TD)), using a pulmonary artery catheter, and pulse contour analysis, using the FloTrac/Vigileo (CI(V)). Readings were made at 10 time points during and after liver transplant surgery in 21 patients. Comparisons with data from our 2009 study, which used second-generation (version 01.10) software, were also made. RESULTS: Our new data show that version 3.02 software significantly reduced the adverse effect on pulse contour cardiac output reading bias in low peripheral resistance states, and thus improves the overall precision and trending ability of the system. Regression analysis between CI(TD) and CI(V) showed that the correlation was moderate (r = 0.67, 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.86). The Bland and Altman analysis showed that bias was 0.4 L.min(-1).m(-2), and the percentage error was 52% (95% confidence interval, 49% to 55%). Trending ability of the new software also was improved but was still well below the current benchmarks. CONCLUSION: The new software (version 3.02) provided substantial improvements over the previous versions with better overall precision and trending ability. Further algorithm refinements will increase this technology's reliability to be extensively used in the highly complex setting of cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. (Anesth Analg 2011; 113: 515-22