A Reply to My Critics

In this paper, I respond to three commentators on my book Understanding Moral Obligation: Kant, Hegel Kierkegaard. Anne Margaret Baxley focuses on my treatment of Kant, Dean Moyar on my treatment of Hegel, and William Bristow on my treatment of Kierkegaard. In this reply, I try to show how the critical points that they raise can be addresse

mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of NKT‐cell development and function

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity by rapidly secreting cytokines and lysing targets following TCR recognition of lipid antigens. Based on their ability to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A, iNKT-cells are classified as NKT-1, NKT-2, and NKT-17 subsets, respectively. The molecular pathways regulating iNKT-cell fate are not fully defined. Recent studies implicate Rictor, a required component of mTORC2, in the development of select iNKT-cell subsets, however these reports are conflicting. To resolve these questions, we used Rictorfl/fl CD4cre+ mice and found that Rictor is required for NKT-17 cell development and normal iNKT-cell cytolytic function. Conversely, Rictor is not absolutely required for IL-4 and IFN-γ production as peripheral iNKT-cells make copious amounts of these cytokines. Overall iNKT-cell numbers are dramatically reduced in the absence of Rictor. We provide data indicating Rictor regulates cell survival as well as proliferation of developing and mature iNKT-cells. Thus, mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of iNKT-cell development and function

Marketing bibliotecario: 10 campañas exitosas de la Biblioteca Universitaria de Huelva en los medios sociales

Social networks offer an unbeatable opportunity for digital marketing. The University of Huelva Library is aware of this fact and it uses the social networks in different campaigns. In this papaer we give ten examples of marketing activities addressed to spread the collection, to bring the services closer to the users, to promote research at the University of Hueva, and to reinforce the commitment of the Library with the society and to promote the brand. The evaluation of these campaigns show how useful they are, and the necessity of an organization of the different elements involved: goal, audience, resources, strategies, and evaluation.Los medios sociales ofrecen una oportunidad inmejorable para el marketing digital, y la Biblioteca Universitaria de Huelva, consciente de ello, los utiliza para realizar diferentes campañas. En este trabajo se aportan como muestra diez actividades de marketing dirigidas a difundir la colección, a acercar los servicios a los usuarios, a promocionar la investigación de la Universidad de Huelva, a reafirmar el compromiso de la Biblioteca con la sociedad y a promocionar la imagen de marca. La evaluación de estas campañas evidencian la utilidad de las mismas, así como la necesidad de que se planifiquen considerando todos los elementos necesarios: objetivo, destinatarios, recursos, estrategias y medición

Adeno-Associated Virus 9-Mediated Airway Expression of Antibody Protects Old and Immunodeficient Mice against Influenza Virus

Influenza causes serious and sometimes fatal disease in individuals at risk due to advanced age or immunodeficiencies. Despite progress in the development of seasonal influenza vaccines, vaccine efficacy in elderly and immunocompromised individuals remains low. We recently developed a passive immunization strategy using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver a neutralizing anti-influenza antibody at the site of infection, the nasal airways. Here we show that young, old, and immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficient [SCID]) mice that were treated intranasally with AAV9 vector expressing a modified version of the broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibody FI6 were protected and exhibited no signs of disease following an intranasal challenge with the mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1) (PR8) (Mt. Sinai strain). Nonvaccinated mice succumbed to the PR8 challenge due to severe weight loss. We propose that airway-directed AAV9 passive immunization against airborne infectious agents may be beneficial in elderly and immunocompromised patients, for whom there still exists an unmet need for effective vaccination against influenza