Boltzmann-Gibbs thermal equilibrium distribution for classical systems and Newton law: A computational discussion

We implement a general numerical calculation that allows for a direct comparison between nonlinear Hamiltonian dynamics and the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical distribution in Gibbs $\Gamma$-space. Using paradigmatic first-neighbor models, namely, the inertial XY ferromagnet and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam $\beta$-model, we show that at intermediate energies the Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium distribution is a consequence of Newton second law (${\mathbf F}=m{\mathbf a}$). At higher energies we discuss partial agreement between time and ensemble averages.Comment: New title, revision of the text. EPJ latex, 4 figure

On Weierstra{\ss} semigroups at one and two points and their corresponding Poincar\'e series

The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate the Poincar\'e series associated with the Weierstra{\ss} semigroup of one and two rational points at a (not necessarily irreducible) non-singular projective algebraic curve defined over a finite field, as well as to describe their functional equations in the case of an affine complete intersection.Comment: Beginning of Section 3 and Subsection 3.1 were modifie

Asteroseismology of evolved stars to constrain the internal transport of angular momentum. VI. Testing a parametric formulation for the azimuthal magneto-rotational instability

Asteroseismic measurements of the internal rotation rate in evolved stars pointed out to a lack of angular momentum (AM) transport in stellar evolution models. Several physical processes in addition to hydrodynamical ones were proposed as candidates for the missing mechanism. Nonetheless, no current candidate can satisfy all the constraints provided by asteroseismology. We revisit the role of a candidate process whose efficiency scales with the contrast between the rotation rate of the core and the surface which was proposed to be related to the azimuthal magneto-rotational instability (AMRI) by Spada et al. We compute stellar evolution models of low- and intermediate-mass stars with the parametric formulation of AM transport proposed by Spada et al. until the end of the core-helium burning for low- and intermediate-mass stars and compare our results to the latest asteroseismic constraints available in the post main sequence phase. Both hydrogen-shell burning stars in the red giant branch and core-helium burning stars of low- and intermediate-mass in the mass range $1 M_{\odot} \lesssim M \lesssim 2.5 M_{\odot}$ can be simultaneously reproduced by this kind of parametrisation. Given current constraints from asteroseismology, the core rotation rate of post-main sequence stars seems to be well explained by a process whose efficiency is regulated by the internal degree of differential rotation in radiative zones.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 10 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendi

Non-extensive entropy from incomplete knowledge of Shannon entropy?

In this paper we give an interpretation of Tsallis' nonextensive statistical mechanics based upon the information-theoretic point of view of Luzzi et al. [cond-mat/0306217; cond-mat/0306247; cond-mat/0307325], suggesting Tsallis' entropy to be not a fundamental concept but rather a derived one, stemming from an incomplete knowledge of the system, not taking properly into account its interaction with the environment. This interpretation seems to avoid some problems occurring with the original interpretation of Tsallis statistics.Comment: v.4. 11 pages. Title changed. Content substantially changed: added discussion of several points raised by various referees and readers; Also reference made to work by Luzzi, Vasconcellos, Galvao Ramos. Physica Scripta, to appea

Array-Based Detection of Persistent Organic Pollutants via Cyclodextrin Promoted Energy Transfer

We report herein the selective array-based detection of 30 persistent organic pollutants via cyclodextrin-promoted energy transfer. The use of three fluorophores enabled the development of an array that classified 30 analytes with 100% accuracy and identified unknown analytes with 96% accuracy, as well as identifying 92% of analytes in urine

On "Ergodicity and Central Limit Theorem in Systems with Long-Range Interactions" by Figueiredo et al

In the present paper we refute the criticism advanced in a recent preprint by Figueiredo et al [1] about the possible application of the $q$-generalized Central Limit Theorem (CLT) to a paradigmatic long-range-interacting many-body classical Hamiltonian system, the so-called Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model. We exhibit that, contrary to what is claimed by these authors and in accordance with our previous results, $q$-Gaussian-like curves are possible and real attractors for a certain class of initial conditions, namely the one which produces nontrivial longstanding quasi-stationary states before the arrival, only for finite size, to the thermal equilibrium.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures. Short version of the paper, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters, (2009) in pres

Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorinated sulfonamides determination

Ionization and in source-fragmentation behavior of four fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) (4:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH) and four N-alkyl fluorooctane sulfonamides/-ethanols (N-MeFOSA, N-EtFOSA, N-MeFOSE and N-EtFOSE) by APCI has been studied and compared with the traditionally used EI and CI. Protonated molecule was the base peak of the APCI spectrum in all cases giving the possibility of selecting it as a precursor ion for MS/MS experiments. Following, CID fragmentation showed common product ions for all FOSAs/FOSEs (C4F7 and C3F5). Nevertheless, the different functionality gave characteristic pattern fragmentations. For instance, FTOHs mainly loss H2O + HF, FOSAs showed the losses of SO2 and HF while FOSEs showed the losses of H2O and SO2. Linearity, repeatability and LODs have been studied obtaining instrumental LODs between 1 and 5 fg. Finally, application to river water and influent and effluent waste water samples has been carried out in order to investigate the improvements in detection capabilities of this new source in comparison with the traditionally used EI/CI sources. Matrix effects in APCI have been evaluated in terms of signal enhancement/suppression when comparing standards in solvent and matrix. No matrix effects were observed and concentrations found in samples were in the range of 1–100 pg L−1 far below the LODs achieved with methods previously reported. Unknown related perfluoroalkyl substances, as methyl-sulfone and methyl-sulfoxide analogues for FTOHs, were also discovered and tentatively identified.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support received from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project CTQ2012-30836 and from the Agency for Administration of University and Research Grants (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) under the project 2014 SGR-539. They are very grateful to the Serveis Centrals d’Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) of University Jaume I for the use of the GC XevoTQ-S

Quantum codes from a new construction of self-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes

[EN] We present new quantum codes with good parameters which are constructed from self-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes. Our method permits a wide class of curves to be used in the formation of these codes. These results demonstrate that there is a lot more scope for constructing self-orthogonal AG codes than was previously known.G. McGuire was partially supported by Science Foundation Ireland Grant 13/IA/1914. The remainder authors were partially supported by the Spanish Government and the EU funding program FEDER, Grants MTM2015-65764-C3-2-P and PGC2018-096446-B-C22. F. Hernando and J. J. Moyano-Fernandez are also partially supported by Universitat Jaume I, Grant UJI-B2018-10.Hernando, F.; Mcguire, G.; Monserrat Delpalillo, FJ.; Moyano-Fernández, JJ. (2020). Quantum codes from a new construction of self-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes. 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