4 research outputs found

    Implants ICL V4 aprÚs 11 années de suivi: résultats visuels et réfractifs complications et facteurs de risque

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    La myopie est un dĂ©faut visuel trĂšs frĂ©quent dans les pays industrialisĂ©s avec prĂšs de 40% des personnes ĂągĂ©es de 12 Ă  54 ans prĂ©sentant une myopie aux Etats-Unis en 2000. La correction de la myopie se fait habituellement par lunettes ou lentilles de contact. Il est Ă©galement possible de la corriger chirurgicalement en cas d'intolĂ©rance aux lentilles de contact, si la vision n'est pas satisfaisante avec les moyens de correction traditionnels, ou encore pour des raisons esthĂ©tiques. Ces 20 derniĂšres annĂ©es, des techniques de chirurgie rĂ©fractive cornĂ©enne au laser ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es. Ces techniques prĂ©sentent d'excellents rĂ©sultats en termes de sĂ©curitĂ© et d'efficience, cependant elles atteignent leurs limites lorsqu'il s'agit d'amĂ©tropies importantes (myopies > 6 dioptries). Dans ces cas, une chirurgie au laser cornĂ©en induit des aberrations optiques de haut degrĂ©, ce qui diminue la qualitĂ© de la vision. De plus, l'amincissement cornĂ©en induit par le volume de tissus retirĂ© (plus important en cas de forte amĂ©tropie) est associĂ© Ă  un risque Ă©levĂ© d'ectasie secondaire (dĂ©formation irrĂ©versible de la cornĂ©e). Dans le cas des fortes myopies, l'alternative au laser cornĂ©en est l'ajout d'un implant intra-oculaire appelĂ© implant phake (le cristallin natif du patient est prĂ©servĂ©). Cette Ă©tude porte sur les implants de chambre postĂ©rieure approuvĂ©s par la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) : les implants ICL - Implantable Collamer Lens - distribuĂ©s par la sociĂ©tĂ© STAAR SurgicalÂź. Ces implants sont placĂ©s entre l'iris et le cristallin et insĂ©rĂ©s dans le sulcus ciliaire. De nombreuses publications ont dĂ©montrĂ© la sĂ©curitĂ© (maintien de la vision), l'efficience (possibilitĂ© de voir sans lunettes aprĂšs l'opĂ©ration) et la stabilitĂ© des rĂ©sultats rĂ©fractifs Ă  court et moyen terme aprĂšs une telle procĂ©dure chirurgicale. Cependant, des complications ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es au long cours, comme l'apparition de cataractes et d'hypertensions intra-oculaires. Le but de cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective systĂ©matique a Ă©tĂ© de rapporter l'incidence du nombre de cataractes ainsi que les rĂ©sultats rĂ©fractifs 10 ans aprĂšs la mise en place d'un implant ICL. Nous avons inclus 133 yeux de 78 patients ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© de l'implantation consĂ©cutive du modĂšle V4 des implants ICL de 1998 Ă  2004. La frĂ©quence des opacifications du cristallin, des chirurgies de la cataracte, des hypertensions intra-oculaires, de mĂȘme que la sĂ©curitĂ©, la prĂ©dictibilitĂ© et la stabilitĂ© rĂ©fractive ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es. La frĂ©quence du dĂ©veloppement d'opacifications du cristallin sans consĂ©quence sur la vision (ne nĂ©cessitant pas de chirurgie de la cataracte) Ă©tait de 40.9% et 54.8% Ă  5 et 10 ans aprĂšs l'implantation d'un ICL. Une chirurgie de la cataracte a Ă©tĂ© faite dans 5 yeux (4.9%) et 18 yeux (18.3%) Ă  5 et 10 ans, respectivement. Le vaulting moyen (distance entre l'implant et le cristallin) Ă©tait de 426 ± 344 micromĂštres immĂ©diatement aprĂšs l'implantation, et a diminuĂ© Ă  213 micromĂštres aprĂšs 10 ans. Un petit vaulting Ă©tait associĂ© au dĂ©veloppement d'opacifications cristalliniennes et Ă  la nĂ©cessitĂ© de rĂ©aliser une chirurgie de la cataracte (P = 0.005 et 0.008 respectivement). La pression intra-oculaire moyenne Ă©tait de 15 mmHg aprĂšs implantation des ICL. Aucune augmentation significative de la pression n'a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence jusqu'Ă  10 ans post-opĂ©ratoires (16 mmHg, P=0.02). A 10 ans aprĂšs implantation, 12 yeux (12.9%) ont dĂ©veloppĂ© une hypertension intra-oculaire ayant nĂ©cessitĂ© un traitement local. A 10 ans, l'index moyen de sĂ©curitĂ© (rapport entre meilleure acuitĂ© visuelle corrigĂ©e post-opĂ©ratoire/prĂ©opĂ©ratoire) Ă©tait de 1.25 ± 0.57, avec un Ă©quivalant sphĂ©rique manifeste de -0.5 D Ă  1 an aprĂšs implantation et de -0.7 D Ă  10 ans aprĂšs implantation pour les yeux dont la cible rĂ©fractive Ă©tait l'emmĂ©tropie. Cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective monocentrique indique que l'implantation des ICL assure une bonne sĂ©curitĂ© Ă  long terme et une stabilitĂ© rĂ©fractive chez les patients atteints de forte myopie. Ces rĂ©sultats sont comparables Ă  des Ă©tudes similaires sur les rĂ©sultats Ă  court-terme. Cependant, l'apparition de cataractes et d'hypertensions intra-oculaires Ă  10 ans aprĂšs l'implantation d'ICL ont des implications cliniques importantes et nĂ©cessitent un suivi annuel de ces patients par une Ă©quipe spĂ©cialisĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats devraient faire partie de l'information donnĂ©e aux patients lors de la discussion prĂ©cĂ©dant la mise en place de ce type d'implant intra-oculaire

    Effect of eplerenone on choroidal blood flow changes during isometric exercise in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

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    To investigate choroidal blood flow changes after isometric exercise in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy nontreated or treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). Foveolar choroidal laser Doppler flowmetry parameters – velocity (ChVel), volume (ChVol) and blood flow (ChBF) – of 22 eyes of 22 treated patients, 16 eyes of 16 untreated patients and 19 healthy controls were measured during a squatting test. Treatment consisted in MRA administration (eplerenone 50 mg/day or spironolactone 50 mg/day). The experiment comprised three successive periods: 30 seconds of rest, 2 min of continuous squatting exercise, and 150 seconds of recovery. Significance levels were calculated using a generalized estimating equation. During the squatting period, nontreated CSCR eyes had a similar change in ChVel (p = 0.8), ChVol (p = 0.8), ChBF (p = 0.5) and resistance to healthy eyes. Treated CSCR eyes exhibited significantly smaller changes in ChVel (−0.1 ± 11%, p = 0.04) than healthy eyes (6 ± 8%). No significant difference was found for ChVol and ChBF between the groups. The increase in ChVol from baseline in the nontreated CSCR group (4.4 ± 9%) was lower than that of treated group (6.7%±11%; p = 0.01). Finally, ChBF and ChVel changes in the CSCR groups were not significantly different. No abnormalities were detected in the changes in ChBF parameters during increased ocular perfusion pressure in nontreated CSCR patients compared with controls. MRA treatment in CSCR patients induced a significant reduction in ChBVel and an increase in ChBVol in response to isometric exercise, suggesting that MRA exerts effects on choroidal vascular changes

    pH Induced Conformational Transitions in the Transforming Growth Factor ÎČ-Induced Protein (TGFÎČIp) Associated Corneal Dystrophy Mutants

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    Most stromal corneal dystrophies are associated with aggregation and deposition of the mutated transforming growth factor-ÎČ induced protein (TGFÎČIp). The 4th_FAS1 domain of TGFÎČIp harbors ~80% of the mutations that forms amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic aggregates. To understand the mechanism of aggregation and the differences between the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic phenotypes, we expressed the 4th_FAS1 domains of TGFÎČIp carrying the mutations R555W (non-amyloidogenic) and H572R (amyloidogenic) along with the wild-type (WT). R555W was more susceptible to acidic pH compared to H572R and displayed varying chemical stabilities with decreasing pH. Thermal denaturation studies at acidic pH showed that while WT did not undergo any conformational transition, the mutants exhibited a clear pH-dependent irreversible conversion from αÎČ conformation to ÎČ-sheet oligomers. The ÎČ-oligomers of both mutants were stable at physiological temperature and pH. Electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies showed that ÎČ-oligomers of H572R were larger compared to R555W. The ÎČ-oligomers of both mutants were cytotoxic to primary human corneal stromal fibroblast (pHCSF) cells. The ÎČ-oligomers of both mutants exhibit variations in their morphologies, sizes, thermal and chemical stabilities, aggregation patterns and cytotoxicities

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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