Place et limites du secret médical dans le cadre d'une maladie grave transmissible pouvant porter préjudice à un tiers

8 pages Acte de colloqueMany clinical situations lead to the opportunity to care for a patient, or to discover a medical evidence may also directly affect the health of a family member (spouse, family, sexual partner). In these situations, care, medicine therefore beyond the scope of the conference singular and wondered about the place and the rights of families, especially as sometimes the doctor knows and meets physically. This question is all the more significant for the doctor when there supported early is that really improve the life of people, their quality of life. Prevention and care for others is the essence of medical practice, the doctor may be in a situation of dilemma when the secret is imposed upon him. Thus, in the field of oncology, approaches to early detection of familial cancers have a positive impact if earlier treatment can improve the survival of (breast and colon cancer, for example). It is the same metabolic diseases with a genetic component. In the context of infectious and contagious diseases, the identification of subjects at risk and screening can help prevent transmission or limit their clinical manifestations. This paper explores the issues raised by these situations

La métaphore du viol de la terre

Le concept métaphorique que cet article propose d’étudier est celui du viol de la terre. C’est à la lumière des constats écoféministes contemporains, qui soulignent la consubstantialité de l’exploitation des femmes et des ressources naturelles, qu’il nous semble pertinent d’observer la récurrence de cette métaphore dans les représentations culturelles occidentales. Il s’agit ainsi de rendre saillant un mode de pensée et d’action caractéristique du néo-libéralisme blanc et patriarcalThe metaphorical concept that this article tackles is that of the rape of the earth. In the continuity of contemporary ecofeminist assessments, that underline the consubstantiality of the exploitation of women and natural resources, it seems relevant to observe the recurrence of this metaphor in western cultural representations. The objective is thus to shed light on a prominent mode of thinking and acting which is characteristic of white patriarcal neo-liberalis

Frétigney-et-Velloreille – Grotte de La Baume Noire, Bois de Montbournot

La grotte de La Baume Noire est située dans le bois communal dit Bois de Montbournot. Il s’agit d’une grotte-aven remarquable avec un porche large de 20 m pour une hauteur de 5 m environ (fig. 1). La grotte qui s’ouvre sur le liane d’une colline, se compose de deux vastes salles creusées dans les calcaires compacts du Bathonien. Une très forte déclivité constitue la caractéristique principale de la partie externe de la cavité ainsi que de la première salle : 20,80 m séparent en effet la parti..

Prevalence of questioning regarding life-sustaining treatment and time utilisation by forgoing treatment in Francophone PICUs

International audiencePURPOSE:Our goal is to assess the prevalence of questioning about the appropriateness of initiating or maintaining life-sustaining treatments (LST) in French-speaking paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and to evaluate time utilisation related to decision-making processes (DMP).METHODS:18-month, multicentre, prospective, descriptive, observational study in 15 French-speaking PICUs.RESULTS:Among the 5,602 children admitted, 410 died (7.3%), including 175 after forgoing LST (42.7% of deaths). LST was questioned in 308 children (5.5%) with a prevalence of 13.3 per 100 patient-days. More than 30% of children survived despite the appropriateness of LST being questioned (23% despite a decision to forgo treatment). Median caregiver time spent on making and presenting the decisions was 11 h per child.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, on any given day in each 10-bed PICU, there was more than one child for whom a DMP was underway. Of children, 23% survived despite a decision to forgo LST being made, which underlines the need to elaborate a care plan for these children. Also, DMP represented a large amount of staff time that is undervalued but necessary to ensure optimal palliative practice in PICU

[Evaluation of the risk of abortion abuse resulting from the two-week legal delay in France].

A national consensus on foetal abnormalities to be searched for, and not to be searched for (Number of fingers? Upper lip?...) and the eventual detection of the gender during sonography of the 1st trimester is urgent in view of the technological progress made. Clear and reassuring information is essential when confronted with foetal abnormalities and must lead to complete and precise antenatal diagnosis (caryotyping, sonographic control 2 or 3 weeks later)

Ethical issues arising from the requirement to sign a consent form in palliative care.

International audienceFrench healthcare networks aim to help healthcare workers to take care of patients by improving cooperation, coordination and the continuity of care. When applied to palliative care in the home, they facilitate overall care including medical, social and psychological aspects. French legislation in 2002 required that an information document explaining the functioning of the network should be given to patients when they enter a healthcare network. The law requires that this document be signed. Ethical issues arise from this legislation with regard to the validity of the signature of dying patients. Signature of the consent form by a guardian or trustee, a designated person--the Person of Trust--transforms the doctor-patient relationship into a triangular doctor-patient-third-party relationship

The international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the forensic pathologist: ethical considerations.

International audienceSince 1991, war crimes in the former Yugoslavia have been the subject of several international medico-legal investigations of mass graves within the framework of inquiries led by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Forensic pathologists involved in the ICTY missions could be subjected to ethical tensions due to the difficulties of the missions, the emergent conflicts between forensic scientists of the investigating teams and the original nature of the ICTY proceedings. In order to study the nature of such ethical tensions, we sent a questionnaire to 65 forensic pathologists who have been involved in the ICTY missions. The rate of response was 38%. The majority of forensic pathologists questioned (n=18) did not know how the medico-legal data was exploited by the ICTY. Three of them have been subjected to pressures. Three of them were aware of mass grave sites knowingly not investigated by the ICTY. Fifteen considered that the ICTY respected the elementary rules of the law and four of them questioned the impartiality of the justice led by the ICTY. Two conflicting types of ethics can be drawn from these results: conviction ethics, which are shared by most of the forensic pathologists questioned, and responsibility ethics. In the former, the forensic pathologist completely agrees with the need for an international war crimes tribunal, even if such justice can be challenged regarding the respect of human rights and impartiality. In the latter, he or she needs to conduct him or herself in ways that do not infringe impartiality. As medical deontology duty requires impartiality ethics, discursive ethics are needed to ease ethical tensions and to suggest ethical guidelines. Alternatives to international justice, through a truth and reconciliation commission and by way of humanitarian missions combining victims' identification with forensic investigations for historical purposes, could be considered

[Quality of anonymous delivery procedures: analysis of practices and ethical issues.]

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess implementation of procedures for anonymous delivery and also to determine the awareness of the medical team. MATERIAL: and method. We reviewed retrospectively all deliveries performed in a Paris maternity ward during the years 2000-2003 where the mother requested application of the anonymous procedure. A questionnaire was also addressed to all physicians and midwives in the same institution in order to evaluate their knowledge of the procedures available and their point of view. RESULTS: Among the seventeen deliveries examined, the anonymous procedure was not completely fulfilled for 11 since the name of the mother could be identified. The quality of the files depended on the date at which the decision to use the anonymous procedure was made: delivery was more anonymous when the decision was made at the first consultation, less so when made later. The questionnaires revealed that professionals lacked information and were insufficiently aware of the procedures available. CONCLUSION: It appears useful to establish a standard procedure in order to better protect the parturient's wishes and comply with French law (4 March 2002). This point is particularly important since at the infant's majority, he/she may request access to personal information contained in the medical file

Reenchanting Urban Wildness: To Perceive, Think and Live With Nature in its Urban Environment

This second edition of the International Conference on Ecopoetics organized by Bénédicte Meillon, under the aegis of the research center CRESEM (Centre de Recherche sur les Sociétés et Environnements en Méditerranée) of the University of Perpignan Via Domitia, explored the literary and social manifestations of diverse interactions linking humans and non-humans in the midst of an expanding urbanization. The conference gathered a hundred scholars, novelists, poets, sociologists, ethnologists, t..

[The person of trust, a new tool in the physician-patient relationship.]

THE NOTION OF A PERSON OF TRUST: Introduced by the law dated March 4th 2002, the person of trust is there to accompany the patient in all his/her measures of care; this person is also conceived as an helper in medical decisions or when the patient participates in biomedical research protocols. DESIGNATION MODALITIES: Any adult, unprotected patient can designate a person of trust, whose intervention is not only limited to hospitalisation (the nursing staff are obliged to propose such a person), but can also intervene during care at home or at the doctor's. The designation is made in writing and can be revoked at any time. The person of trust can be a relative, a friend or even the treating physician. A SPECIFIC ROLE: The person of trust can be of help in medical measures in routine medicine when the patients needs to be accompanied, and in the case of diagnosis or serious prognosis, and when the patient is incapable of expressing him/herself