Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries' levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries' levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures

Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures

Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study

High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; M_{age} = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress

Status of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among prisoners in the Middle East and North Africa: review and synthesis.

INTRODUCTION: The status of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among incarcerated populations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the links between prisons and the HIV epidemic are poorly understood. This review synthesized available HIV and HCV data in prisons in MENA and highlighted opportunities for action. METHODS: The review was based on data generated through the systematic searches of the MENA HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Synthesis Project (2003 to December 15, 2015) and the MENA HCV Epidemiology Synthesis Project (2011 to December 15, 2015). Sources of data included peer-reviewed publications and country-level reports and databases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We estimated a population of 496,000 prisoners in MENA, with drug-related offences being a major cause for incarceration. Twenty countries had data on HIV among incarcerated populations with a median prevalence of 0.6% in Afghanistan, 6.1% in Djibouti, 0.01% in Egypt, 2.5% in Iran, 0% in Iraq, 0.1% in Jordan, 0.05% in Kuwait, 0.7% in Lebanon, 18.0% in Libya, 0.7% in Morocco, 0.3% in Oman, 1.1% in Pakistan, 0% in Palestine, 1.2% in Saudi Arabia, 0% in Somalia, 5.3% in Sudan and South Sudan, 0.04% in Syria, 0.05% in Tunisia, and 3.5% in Yemen. Seven countries had data on HCV, with a median prevalence of 1.7% in Afghanistan, 23.6% in Egypt, 28.1% in Lebanon, 15.6% in Pakistan, and 37.8% in Iran. Syria and Libya had only one HCV prevalence measure each at 1.5% and 23.7%, respectively. There was strong evidence for injecting drug use and the use of non-sterile injecting-equipment in prisons. Incarceration and injecting drugs, use of non-sterile injecting-equipment, and tattooing in prisons were found to be independent risk factors for HIV or HCV infections. High levels of sexual risk behaviour, tattooing and use of non-sterile razors among prisoners were documented. CONCLUSIONS: Prisons play an important role in HIV and HCV dynamics in MENA and have facilitated the emergence of large HIV epidemics in at least two countries, Iran and Pakistan. There is evidence for substantial but variable HIV and HCV prevalence, as well as risk behaviour including injecting drug use and unprotected sex among prisoners across countries. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive harm-reduction strategies in prisons

Présentation

Dans ce numéro, onze articles ont été retenus s’articulant autour de quatre grands axes  abordant la question de l’attribution du sens aux événements, aux lieux et aux actes. Que tout nécessite une organisation, une catégorisation, une représentation pour rendre le réel intelligible et accessible à la compréhension et à l’action des individus et des groupes. Que la culture avec ses composantes oriente les modes d’interprétation du réel et les façons de s’y adapter ce qui n’implique nullement ..

Séminaire international : « La prise en charge des enfants privés de famille »

Le Ministère de la Solidarité avec le soutien de l’UNICEF et de Handicap International a organisé un séminaire international de formation et de réflexion autour de la prise en charge des enfants privés de famille (foyers pour enfants assistés âgés de la naissance à six ans) sous le thème « De l’enfant en devenir au devenir de l’enfant : réflexion autour des approches de prise en charge de l’enfant privé de famille vivant en milieu institutionnel », le 8 et 9 décembre 2007 au Centre national d..

Parentalité et prise en charge psychologique de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Colloque national de psychologie clinique, Oran, les 26 et 27 avril 2017

Le 3ème colloque national de psychologie clinique intitulé « Parentalité et prise en charge psychologique de l’enfant et de l’adolescent » a été organisé par le département de psychologie et d’orthophonie (Faculté des sciences sociales, U. Oran 2), en partenariat avec le Centre de recherche en anthropologie sociale et culturelle (CRASC) où il a eu lieu les 26 et 27 avril 2017. Ce 3ème colloque tente de s’inscrire dans la durée et continue une large réflexion sur la psychologie clinique et se..

Les personnes âgées en Algérie et au Maghreb : enjeux de leur prise en charge

Compte-tenu des taux de mortalités, de la faiblesse de l’espérance de vie durant la première moitié du vingtième siècle, les personnes âgées en Algérie constituaient un taux négligeable. Nous pouvons considérer que ce n’est qu’à partir des années quatre-vingt-dix du siècle dernier que cette catégorie a commencé à émerger et tend à se développer progressivement, et cela pour deux raisons essentielles : un baby-boom inégalé durant les années soixante et soixante-dix, majoré par les effets de la Guerre de libération nationale qui a décimé une grande partie de la population adulte. Cette situation a permis un répit de plus de quarante ans quant à la prise en charge des séniors. Cette latence est toutefois terminée et l’Algérie, tout comme les autres pays du Maghreb, devra faire preuve de vigilance et de créativité, de manière à devancer l’accroissement du taux de séniors et répondre à leurs besoins spécifiques dans les décennies à venir. Qui sont les séniors en Algérie, quels sont les facteurs de risque et les facteurs de protection ? Comment leur assurer dignité, bien-être et valeur ? Ces questionnements et d’autres font l’objet de cet article.Due to the mortality rate and low life expectancy during the first half of the twentieth century, the rate of elderly people in Algeria was weak and insignificant. We consider that it is only from the nineties of the last century that this category of people has begun to emerge and consequently starts to grow in importance gradually for two basic reasons: an unparalleled baby-boom during the sixties and seventies of the 20th Century increased by the effects of the war of liberation, which slaughtered much of the adult population; this fact caused a respite of over forty years as to support of seniors. But once this latency over, Algeria, as well as the other Maghreb’s countries, will demonstrate vigilance and creativity so as to anticipate the increase of the seniors’ rate and respond to their specific needs in the coming decades. Who are the seniors in Algeria, and what are the hazardous factors and the protective ones? How can the state ensure them dignity, well-being and value? These questions and others will be discussed in this article.Teniendo en cuenta de las tasas de mortalidad, la baja esperanza de vida durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, las personas mayores en Argelia constituían una tasa insignificante.Podemos considerar que sólo a partir de los años noventa y diez del siglo pasado que esta categoría comenzó a surgir y tiende a desarrollarse de forma gradual, por dos razones principales : un baby boom desigualado durante los años sesenta, aumentado por los efectos de la guerra de liberación que diezmaron gran parte de la población adulta, Esta situación permitió un respiro de más de cuarenta años en cuanto al apoyo de las personas mayores.Esta latencia se acabó y Argelia, así como en los otros países del Magreb, debe ser vigilante y creativa con el fin de evitar el crecimiento de la tasa de las personas mayores y responder a sus necesidades específicas en las próximas décadas.¿Quiénes son las personas mayores en Argelia, ¿cuáles son los factores de riesgo y factores de protección ? Cómo asegurar su dignidad, bienestar y valor ? Estas y otras preguntas constituirán el tema de este artículo.نظرا لمعدل الوفيات وضعف متوسط العمر المتوقع خلال النصف الأول من القرن العشرين، كان معدّل الأشخاص المسنين في الجزائر ضعيفا، إذ أنه انطلاقا من سنوات الثمانينات من القرن الماضي، بدأت هذه الفئة بالظهور محاولة التطور تدريجيا وذلك لسببين أساسيين : نسبة ولادات غير متساوية خلال سنوات الستينات والسبعينات والتي تأثرت بشكل كبير بحرب التحرير حيث تمّ القضاء على جزء كبير من السكان البالغين، مما أدى الى التكفل بفئة الشيوخ بعد انقضاء أربعين سنة. ولكن هذه الوضعية قد انتهت، والجزائر مثلها مثل البلدان المغاربية الأخرى، عليها أن تتوخى الحذر بشكل يسمح لها بزيادة نمو نسبة فئة المسنين والاستجابة لمتطلباتهم الخاصة في العشريات القادمة. من هم المسنون في الجزائر؟ ما هي عوامل الخطر وعوامل الحماية؟ كيف يمكن ضمان كرامتهم، ارتياحهم النفسي وقيمهم؟ هذه الأسئلة و غيرها هي ما نحاول أن نجيب عنه في هذا المقال