Emergence of Multidrug Resistance and Metallo‑beta‑lactamase Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Patients in Shiraz, Iran

Background: Metallo‑beta‑lactamase (MβL) enzymes production is one of the most important resistance mechanisms against carbapenems in some bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii. Aims: This study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the prevalence of MβL among carbapenem‑resistant isolates of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: In this cross‑sectional study from October 2012 to April 2013, 98 isolates were identified as A. baumannii using Microgen™ kits and confirmed by molecular method. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Carbapenem‑resistant isolates were further detected phenotypically by MβL minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)‑test strips, and subsequently positive MβL isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Overall, 98% (96/98) of A. baumannii isolates were detected as carbapenem‑resistant by MIC test. Highest sensitivity to the tested antibiotic with 42.9% (42/98) was observed to colistin. Of 96 carbapenem‑resistant isolates, 43 were phenotypically positive for MβL; out of 43 isolates, 37 were confirmed for the presence of MβL genes by PCR. Conclusion: The frequency of drug resistance among the clinical samples of A. baumannii isolated in our study against most of the antibiotics was very high. Moreover, all MβL producing isolates were multidrug resistance. Therefore, systematic surveillance to detect MβL producing bacteria and rational prescription and use of carbapenems could be helpful to prevent the spread of carbapenem resistance.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antibiotic resistance, Carbapenem, Iran, Metallo‑beta‑lactamas

Intestinal digestive enzyme activity under the influence of different dietary supplements methionine and lysine in the diet of Sparidentex hasta

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation on digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta. For this purpose, 180 juvenile fish with an initial average weight of 31.38 ± 1.4 g were distributed randomly in eighteen (300 L) polyethylene tanks. 6 experimental diets were prepared with different levels of methionine and lysine including control diet (without dietary methionine and lysine), Diet 1: 100% methionine; Diet 2: 75% methionine and 25% lysine; Diet 3: 50% methionine and 50% lysine; Diet 4: 25% methionine and 75% lysine; Diet 5: 100% lysine. During the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation thrice daily (8:00, 13:00 and 18:00 hours) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase and total protease were affected by different dietary levels of methionine and lysine supplementations (P<0/05). Also, the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin had shown an increasing trend with an increased amount of diet lysine while enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in treatments contains the maximum amount of methionine supplementation. According to results, the increasing of lysine in diet reduced enzyme activity of lipase. The results, showed no significant differences between experimental treatments in amylase and total protease (P<0/05). Based on the results of evaluation digestive enzymes, amino acids supplements of lysine and methionine were changed the activity of digestive enzymes in juvenile Sobaity, (S. hasta). Finally, Diet 2 with 75% methionine and 25% lysine was suggested for used by Sobaity, as to the balance of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation

Immunotherapy of Chenopodium album induced asthma by intranasal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in BALB/c mice

Background: There are many therapeutic methods for allergic conditions. CpG oligonucleotides play a critical role in immunity via the augmentation of Th1 and suppression of Th2 responses. Objective: In the present study we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of intranasal administration of CpG ODN plus Chenopodium album allergen in allergic asthma compared with the administration of allergen alone and to find out how CpG ODN therapy is useful in the treatment of allergen induced asthma. Methods: BALB/c Mice were intraperitoneally and intranasally sensitized with allergenic extract precipitated on aluminum hydroxide. Therapy with CpG/Ag was performed intranasally. After antigenic challenge, a number of Immunologic variables such as serum IgE and IgG, systemic and local IL-10 and IFN-γ were studied in splenocytes, and lung tissue culture supernatants, respectively. Results: Our study indicated that intranasal administration of CpG/Ag had significant increases in both systemic and local levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ (p� 0.001), but showed no significant effect on the levels of IgE, IgG2a, and IgG1 in serum (p= 0.06). This study demonstrated that CpG ODN has therapeutic effects not only on splenocytes but also on nasal lymphocytes to produce IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine, and IL-10 as a regulatory cytokine. Conclusion: According to these data from the mouse model, we conclude that intranasal administration of CpG motifs before allergen exposure may be useful for the control of allergic asthma. Therefore, further investigations on humans using CpG motifs are recommended in order to modulate the allergic effects of Chenopodium album as well as other regional allergens

A comparison of spiritual health of male and female students in the Ilam University of Medical Sciences

    There is a strong relationship between spiritual development of nursing students and their ability to provide patients with spiritual care. Therefore, present research aims to explore spiritual health in nursing students of theIlam University of Medical Sciences, in Iran for both boys and girls. Spiritual health of students is determined using the Palutzian andElisonquestionnaire which consisted of three parts. 10 questions were related to demographic date of students and 20 questions were examined religious health and existential health of students. Eventually, spiritual health of nursing students is classified into four groups and first group who received the grade of 20-40 has poor state of spiritual health. The groups that obtained total grades of 41-70, 71-99 and 100-120 are assigned as low-moderate, high-moderate and high status of spiritual health, respectively.  Data analysis is conducted using ANOVA, Two-way analysis, and Factor analysis. The sample included 39% girls and 61% boys. Poor status of spiritual health between participants was not observed and correlation coefficient between scales of spiritual health is found to be 84.3% which represents as the score of religious health increases existential health score enhances. In order to promote spiritual health of nursing students, it is recommended that the course of spiritual health shouldbe added as a part of the curriculum for medical students due to this fact that capability of student nurses for providing  spiritual  care  is related  to  their  spirituality and  their  education  in  spiritual  care

Soluciones de gestión urbana para promover el estilo de vida iraní-islámico. (Estudio de caso: Municipio de Teherán)

The main objective of the present research is urban management strategies for the promotion of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle (Case study: Tehran Municipality). This objective will be achieved through by descriptive-analytical method, the role of the Tehran municipality in achieving this pattern is from the aspects of physical development of Tehran under the title of maintaining Iranian-Islamic identity in physical development, determining the criteria for urban construction based on Islamic criteria and values, The clarity of the Islamic symbols and symbols, the organization of the image and the urban landscape, and research on Iranian-Islamic architecture and urbanization. The results of the research show that the municipality of Tehran can promote the genuine values of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and use of the sciences and experiences of human societies based on Islamic teachings and as one of the pillars of authentication and self-sufficiency factor and scientific independence, freedom from feelings of humiliation and Alienation and, ultimately, the social development of society.El objetivo principal de la presente investigación son las estrategias de gestión urbana para la promoción del estilo de vida iraní-islámico (Estudio de caso: Municipio de Teherán). Este objetivo se logrará mediante un método descriptivo-analítico, el papel del municipio de Teherán en el logro de este patrón proviene de los aspectos del desarrollo físico de Teherán bajo el título de mantener la identidad iraní-islámica en el desarrollo físico, determinando los criterios para la construcción urbana basada sobre criterios y valores islámicos, la claridad de los símbolos y símbolos islámicos, la organización de la imagen y el paisaje urbano, y la investigación sobre la arquitectura y urbanización iraní-islámica. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el municipio de Teherán puede promover los valores genuinos del estilo de vida iraní-islámico y el uso de las ciencias y experiencias de las sociedades humanas basadas en las enseñanzas islámicas y como uno de los pilares del factor de autenticación y autosuficiencia y independencia científica, libertad de sentimientos de humillación y alienación y, en última instancia, el desarrollo social de la sociedad

Study the relationship between religious attitudes, self-control and spiritual health between Basij sisters, in the city of Shoush

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background&amp; Objective: Religion is one of the most fundamental and important institutions that human society has ever known, and concepts such asself-control, spiritualhealth, and religious attitudes are the most important religious components; which play an important role in religious, social, and personality education/training in the society. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the three components of religious attitudes, self- control and spiritual health among the Basij Sisters of Shoush city. Material &amp; Methods: The sample used in this study consisted of 50 participants, who were selected by simple random sampling among the Basij Sisters. The instruments used for data collection consist of Religious Attitude Scale (Baraheni), Continence Questionnaire (self-made), and Palutzian and Ellison Spiritual  health Questionnaire. In fact, this descriptive study is a correlation study which examine the relationship between (religious attitudes and self-control), (religious attitudes and spiritual health), and (self-control and spiritual health) among the Basij Sisters.All data were analyzed using statistical software (spss version 21), and Pearson correlation coefficient method and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between the variables.Results: The results showed that, there are asignificant positive relationship between religious attitude and continence. (P&lt; 0/02). It was also noted that, there is asignificant positive relationship between religious attitude and spiritual health (p&lt; 0.000) and between self-control and spiritual health (p&lt;0/02)and regression analysis showed self-control is a good predictor for spiritual health.               Conclusion: With attentionto these results, research hypothesizesBased on the existence of the significance relation among (Religious attitude, self-control and spiritual health)are approved and according to the role of religion and Religious components in theMental health people andIslamic society,emphasize them in the field of training can lot of help to Improve the mental health and Spiritual community. Keywords: religion, self-discipline, spiritual healthFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here

A Survey on General Health among students of guidance schools

In recent years, the prevalence of mental disorders has increased and the prevalence of 18-23% is reported for Iran. This study aims to evaluate psychological aspect of general health status of children in Ilam city, located in Iran using a questionnaire. This study is a descriptive-comparative research that measures general health of boys and girls in schools. The required information is obtained by means of the GHQ-28 standard questionnaire which distributed among 118 children. The general health is divided into four categories, in which the dangerous group receives the higher scores in the range of 64-84. The SPSS software is used for data analysis. The sample consisted of 64 (54%) boys and 54 (46%) girls and overall score of children are classified into four categories. Among the samples, 38 participants (32.2%), 61 children (51.7%), 17 children (14.7%) and two persons (1.7%) are received the scores of 0-21, 22-42, 43-63 and 64-84, respectively. Also, the statistical association is observed between age, grade and general health of participants (P &lt;0.05). Relatively large numbers of children possessed good general health status. It is found that as age of participant is increased its general health degrades.

Mediating Role of Family Ownership in Relationship between the Independent Board and the Company's Performance in Tehran Stock Exchange

This study examines the role of moderator family-owned in the relationship between the independent board and company's performance in the Stock Exchange of Tehran. In this study return on assets and independent board are as dependent variables, family ownership and the interaction between the independent board and family ownership as independent variables The statistical society that is considered in this survey is all the accepted companies in Tehran's Stock Exchange are in the studied years and read conditions. Due to the fact that before estimating and performing the regression models, it's needed to make sure of some of the conditions among the variables. These conditions are normality, heteroscedasticity, self-correlation, collinearity, stationary of variables. The inferential statistics used in this research include multivariable regression, in order to discover the relationships of dependent and independent variables. By the way to make sure that the results are reliable, default regression tests have been used. Finally with approval of all default regression tests, they started to test the research's hypothesis. The results showed that family ownership adjust the relationship between board independence and firm performance. Also there is a negative relationship between family-owned and independent board company. Keywords: Family Ownership, Board Independence, Firm Performance JEL Classifications: G31, L2

Explore the relationship among spiritual health, marital satisfaction, and demographic characteristics(age, duration of marriage, duration of employment) in Mafi hospital nurses of Susa city(2015)

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: In marital relations, several factors cause the mutual consent of spouses. In the meantime it seems that the role of spirituality in terms of having surrounded on all facets of human life is decisive. Therefore the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship among the spiritual health, marital satisfaction and demographic characteristics(age, duration of marriage, duration of employment) in Mafi hospital nurses of Susa city in 1394.Materials and Methods: Statistical population consists of all the nurses of married men and women employed in the Nezam Mafi hospital, which includes 50 people(28 married women and 22 married men) in 1394, that of this number 44 persons(19 male and 25 married female) were selected as samples of this research according to the table of Morgan and the use of an available sampling. The method of this research is descriptive and correlation. The data collection tools were spiritual health questionnaire(Paloutzian and Ellison) and marital satisfaction(ANRECH). All data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis via simultaneous method or Enter with version 19 of SPSS software.Results: The results of this study indicated there is a meaningful relationship between the spiritual health and marital satisfaction in married nurses(R = 0.605), (p&lt;0.05), as well as the results of the regression analysis showed gender was a significant Predictor for spiritual health and marital satisfaction but age, duration of marriage, period of employment were not significant predictorsConclusion: According to the results obtained from this research can be said addressing the spiritual needs has been considered as an essential component of holistic care in nursing. Nurses have positive attitude to spirituality and a desire to improve the level of spiritual health and marital satisfaction. Therefore providing a platform for the promotion of these components can lead to do them.Keywords: Spiritual health, Marital satisfaction, NursesFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here