Between Du Châtelet’s Leibniz Exegesis and Kant’s Early Philosophy: A Study of Their Responses to the vis viva Controversy

This paper examines Du Châtelet’s and Kant’s responses to the famous vis viva controversy – Du Châtelet in her Institutions Physiques (1742) and Kant in his debut, the Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (1746–49). The Institutions was not only a highly influential contribution to the vis viva controversy, but also a pioneering attempt to integrate Leibnizian metaphysics and Newtonian physics. The young Kant’s evident knowledge of this work has led some to speculate about his indebtedness to her philosophy. My study corrects such speculations as well as misunderstandings of the Living Forces. This corrective result has implications for how to investigate Kant’s relation to the ever-evolving landscape of Leibniz exegeses

Atmospheric methane with SCIAMACHY: Operational Level 2 data analysis and verification

SCIAMACHY is a passive imaging spectrometer mounted on board ESA’s ENVISAT satellite to probe a large number of atmospheric trace gas species, such as methane, and their global distribution and evolution. Methane (CH4) is particularly interesting as it is one of the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth atmosphere. To analyze SCIAMACHY methane measurements, we used the DLR BIRRA (Beer InfraRed Retrieval Algorithm) to retrieve nadir methane concentrations from its infrared spectra in channel 6. By integrating the DLR BIRRA code into ESAs operational Level 2 processor, we expanded it to include atmospheric CH4 column measurements. We have therefore performed an extensive test and verification operation. Our tests are based on separate comparisons with existing space and ground-based obtained measurements of methane column density. We present here our strategy for quality check of this first version of a CH4 product. We will further discuss specific geographical areas we used to validate the products

Another Shipment of Six Short-Period Giant Planets from TESS

We present the discovery and characterization of six short-period, transiting giant planets from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) -- TOI-1811 (TIC 376524552), TOI-2025 (TIC 394050135), TOI-2145 (TIC 88992642), TOI-2152 (TIC 395393265), TOI-2154 (TIC 428787891), & TOI-2497 (TIC 97568467). All six planets orbit bright host stars (8.9 <G< 11.8, 7.7 <K< 10.1). Using a combination of time-series photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations from the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP) Working Group, we have determined that the planets are Jovian-sized (R$_{P}$ = 1.00-1.45 R$_{J}$), have masses ranging from 0.92 to 5.35 M$_{J}$, and orbit F, G, and K stars (4753 $<$ T$_{eff}$ $<$ 7360 K). We detect a significant orbital eccentricity for the three longest-period systems in our sample: TOI-2025 b (P = 8.872 days, $e$ = $0.220\pm0.053$), TOI-2145 b (P = 10.261 days, $e$ = $0.182^{+0.039}_{-0.049}$), and TOI-2497 b (P = 10.656 days, $e$ = $0.196^{+0.059}_{-0.053}$). TOI-2145 b and TOI-2497 b both orbit subgiant host stars (3.8 $<$ $\log$ g $<$4.0), but these planets show no sign of inflation despite very high levels of irradiation. The lack of inflation may be explained by the high mass of the planets; $5.35^{+0.32}_{-0.35}$ M$_{\rm J}$ (TOI-2145 b) and $5.21\pm0.52$ M$_{\rm J}$ (TOI-2497 b). These six new discoveries contribute to the larger community effort to use {\it TESS} to create a magnitude-complete, self-consistent sample of giant planets with well-determined parameters for future detailed studies.Comment: 20 Pages, 6 Figures, 8 Tables, Accepted by MNRA

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Images of Homeless Individuals : Content analysis of how images of homeless individuals are constructed within social services investigations

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur bilder av personer som befinner sig i en hemlös situation konstrueras i socialtjänstens utredningar för bistånd enligt Socialtjänstlagen [SoL] (2001:453) 4:1 i form av stöd till bostadsanskaffning eller boende. Tidigare forskning består av vetenskapliga artiklar kring social konstruktion om hemlösa och hemlöshet samt klientkonstruktion i socialt arbete. Studiens empiriska material består av totalt 15 stycken utredningar varav sex utredningar med gynnande beslut och nio utredningar med icke gynnande beslut. Genom att granska det empiriska materialet har vi uppmärksammat olika konstruerade bilder som förekom i socialtjänstens utredningar; den aktiva och ansvarstagande, socialt utsatt, tillhör inte målgruppen socialt utsatt samt klienten som gör felaktiga val. Dessa konstruktioner avlästes med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är präglat av ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv med fokus på maktens tekniker. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har vi tillämpat tidigare forskning samt utgått ifrån våra teoretiska ramar och begrepp. Resultatet i vår studie visar på att bilder av personer som befinner sig i en hemlös situation konstrueras i socialtjänstens utredningar. Resultatet visar även på att socialsekreteraren använder olika tekniker som exempelvis att styra klienten till vissa handlingsalternativ, att förmedla en ståndpunkt eller att kontrollera hur något presenteras, något som påverkar hur klienten konstrueras. Hemlöshet som konstruktion i socialtjänstens utredningar kan således antas förstås utifrån individuella eller strukturella faktorer beroende på hur klienten konstrueras i utredningarna, vilka framställer klienten som antingen ett objekt eller subjekt i förhållande till situationen den befinner sig i

SCIAMACHY: Spectral Calibration in the SWIR Channels

SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) is a scanning nadir and limb spectrometer covering the wavelength range from 212 nm to 2386 nm in 8 channels. It is a joint project of Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium and was launched in February 2002 on the ENVISAT platform. After the platform failure in April 2012, SCIAMACHY is now in the postprocessing phase F. SCIAMACHY's originally specified in-orbit lifetime was double the planned lifetime. SCIAMACHY was designed to measure column densities and vertical profiles of trace gas species in the mesosphere, in the stratosphere and in the troposphere (Bovensmann et al., 1999). It can detect a large amount of atmospheric gases (e.g. O3, H2CO, CHOCHO, SO2, BrO, OClO, NO2, H2O, CO, CH4, among others ) and can provide information about aerosols and clouds. The standard spectral calibration of the SCIAMACHY detectors is done with an on-board Spectral Line Source (SLS) by comparing theoretical line positions with line positions retrieved during calibration measurements. However, the used PtCrNe lamp does not have enough strong lines in the SWIR range (channels 6 -8 ) upwards of 1000 nm. The retrieval of in-flight line positions is additionally hampered by many damaged detector pixels of the SWIR detectors. An analysis of the mission data showed that for channels 6-8 no in-flight correction of the on-ground spectral calibration can be done with the standard approach, even at the beginning of the mission with a significant lower number of damaged pixels. We therefore started a study to investigate an alternative spectral calibration approach. In this approach a highly resolved reference spectrum is fitted with a DOAS like algorithm to retrieve the wavelength for each detector pixel. This approach was already tested by us for the Sentinel-4 UVN and the former Earth Explorer 8 candidate mission CarbonSat. For the method to work it is essential to have a good knowledge of the in-flight spectral response function and its change over time. Preliminary results show that the shape of the response function deviates from the current assumption of a Gaussian. For a successful fit it is also necessary to handle the many outliers caused by the bad pixels in an appropriate way. In this paper we present the first results of our investigations, focussing on channel 6 and the methane retrieval window

Mining Security discussions in Suomi24

Abstract This study examines how social network based approach can be applied in order to mine the security oriented discussions in Suomi24 online forum. The approach employs a student survey questionnaire to collect a dictionary related to Finland national security. In subsequent analysis, the vocabulary terms are mapped to Suomi24 corpus in order to construct the associated social network analysis that quantifies the dependency among the various vocabulary terms. Especially, the analysis of the dynamic variation of the network topology would enable the decision-maker to devise appropriate communication scheme to maximize intervention in the public sphere and reach a wider audience. Besides, a parser that finds the keywords from VeRticalzed text data format is developed to aid the construction of the underlined social network

Sentence to sentence similarity:a review

Abstract This paper suggests a novel sentence-to-sentence similarity measure. The proposal makes use of both word embedding and named-entity based semantic similarity. This is motivated by the increasing short text phrases that contain named-entity tags and the importance to detect various levels of hidden semantic similarity even in case of high noise ratio. The proposal is evaluated using a set of publicly available datasets as well as an in-house built dataset, while comparison with some state of art algorithms is performed

Meta-terrorism:identifying linguistic patterns in public discourse after an attack

Abstract When a terror-related event occurs, there is a surge of traffic on social media comprising of informative messages, emotional outbursts, helpful safety tips, and rumors. It is important to understand the behavior manifested on social media sites to gain a better understanding of how to govern and manage in a time of crisis. We undertook a detailed study of Twitter during two recent terror-related events: the Manchester attacks and the Las Vegas shooting. We analyze the tweets during these periods using (a) sentiment analysis, (b) topic analysis, and (c) fake news detection. Our analysis demonstrates the spectrum of emotions evinced in reaction and the way those reactions spread over the event timeline. Also, with respect to topic analysis, we find “echo chambers”, groups of people interested in similar aspects of the event. Encouraged by our results on these two event datasets, the paper seeks to enable a holistic analysis of social media messages in a time of crisis