The Carboniferous Southern Pennine Basin, UK

Many of the Carboniferous outcrops located in the Derbyshire region of the Peak District National Park, UK, have provided sites for both significant and pioneering research relating to the clastic sedimentology of marine palaeoenvironments, particularly so during the 1960s and 1970s when early models describing the sedimentary architecture of fluvio-deltaic, submarine slope and deep-marine submarine-fan sedimentation were first developed. The area was subject to hydrocarbon exploration from the 1920s to 1950s, which although unsuccessful in economic terms left a legacy of sub-surface data. Despite a long-history of sedimentological research, the deposits exposed at several classic localities in the Pennine Basin continue to broaden and challenge our current understanding of sedimentary processes to this day

Servitisation or Productisation? Two cases of service-based SMEs moving into manufacturing

Purpose: This paper presents a preliminary comparison of two service-based SMEs which moved into product development and manufacturing. The motivations, mechanisms, customer benefits and outcomes in adopting productisation, and the potential influence on servitisation, were investigated. Approach: Following a thematic analysis, nine themes for comparison were identified from two previous publications. These themes were then mapped to the four aims of the investigation. Findings: There were similarities in terms of the motivations for productisation and the mechanisms for acquiring manufacturing capability. However, the organisations have subsequently evolved in different ways. The findings highlight a positive impact on organisational innovation, but also indicate that the embodiment of customer value and the supply chain may limit potential servitisation. Originality/Value: Cases of service organisations manufacturing are not well known and are therefore an interesting counterpoint to the existing literature on servitisation

Acquisition and sharing of innovative manufacturing knowledge for preliminary design

This study investigates the identification, acquisition and sharing of innovative manufacturing knowledge for the preliminary design of complex mechanical components. Such components need to satisfy multiple, often conflicting design and performance requirements. Some degree of innovation may be required, involving the development of new manufacturing processes. The innovative nature of this manufacturing knowledge makes it difficult to define, codify and share, especially during preliminary design, where this can present significant risks in the design process. Current methods of knowledge sharing do not account for the immature nature of innovative manufacturing knowledge and the combined explicit and tacit elements needed to express it. A flexible interpretive research study with inductive and hypothesis testing elements was undertaken to explore this novel knowledge management problem. During the inductive phase, two data collection activities were undertaken to investigate the manufacturing knowledge required for the preliminary design of gas turbine engines. Using a data driven approach, the main findings which emerged were: the need to include an assessment of the maturity of the design process; the need to use a range of tacit and explicit knowledge to effectively share this and the need to manage knowledge across different domain boundaries. A conceptual framework of the findings was used to develop a hypothesis of knowledge requirements for preliminary design. For the hypothesis testing phase, a systematic methodology to identify, acquire and share innovative manufacturing knowledge for preliminary design was developed from the knowledge requirements. This approach allowed both explicit and tacit knowledge sharing. An evaluation of the methodology took place using three different industrial cases, each with a different component / manufacturing process. The evaluations demonstrated that using the range of knowledge types for transferring knowledge was effective for the specific cases studied and confirmed the hypothesis developed

Gay Subversion: Young Men Seeking Safety in Heterotopic Spaces

In the early years of the twenty-first century gay-themed texts with teenage protagonists are moving from being an isolated subgenre to becoming a more integrated part of this field of writing and viewing. Even though there is now more visible support for gay adolescents than previously, coming to terms with an emerging gay sexuality and deciding whether or not to declare that sexuality publicly with the inherent risk of marginalisation and loss of family and friends remains central to current gay-themed texts. For boys, the path to manhood can be a journey fraught with challenges but even more so for gay boys who must contend with the forces of ‘hegemonic’ (heterosexual) masculinities and the pressures to ‘do boy’ according to socially-sanctioned rules and norms. This article examines the ways the gay protagonists in three Young Adult novels—Leave Myself Behind by Bart Yates (2003), A Time Before Me by Michael Peronne (2005) and Sushi Central by Alasdair Duncan (2003)—and in two films— Prayers for Bobby (2009) and Geography Club (2013)—seek safety in heterotopic spaces. It is argued that heterotopias can provide safe spaces for the expression of same-sex desire among males, subverting the constraints of hegemonic masculinity and the large spatial sites in which they operate. The trope of ‘safe space’ can be used as a mechanism to segregate individuals who challenge the heterosexual/homosexual binary under the guise of providing for their safety. However, while safe spaces are mechanisms for the construction of gay identity, they can also generate homophobic retribution. Struggles for visible identities outside of safe spaces can incite violence when gay visibility threatens the normalised landscape

Modelling the 3D stratigraphic complexity inherent in mixed fluvial-aeolian successions: examples from the Pennsylvanian to Permian of Southern Utah, USA

Within Paradox foreland basin of southeastern Utah and northern Arizona, the Pennsylvanian-Permian Cutler Group records a varied array of aeolian-fluvial interactions within its various stratigraphic divisions: the Lower Cutler Beds, the Cedar Mesa Sandstone, the Organ Rock Formation and the Undivided Cutler Formation. The preserved architectural elements and facies arrangements that record these styles of fluvial-aeolian interaction within the Cutler Group are typically intimately related to each other and, in places, smaller-scale elements are nested inside larger elements suggesting that interactions commonly occur on several spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, autogenic interactions arising from intrinsic competition between coeval fluvial and aeolian processes can be shown to occur within sequences ascribed to allogenic controls, such as climatic cycles and systematic variations in sediment supply. Many of the types of interaction inferred from the Cutler Group successions are widely recognised within other ancient successions and within present-day desert systems. Criteria for the recognition and prediction of styles of fluvial-aeolian interaction have applied implications because resultant facies configurations exert a primary control on stratigraphic heterogeneity and compartmentalisation within hydrocarbon reservoirs. The 3D summary models resulting from this work provide a set of tools for predicting architectural relationships and for predicting sand body connectivity within sub-surface reservoir intervals

The liturgy of the hours: an examination of some of their influences on the liturgy of the hours with particular reference to the breviary of cardinal quinones. (quignon)

This thesis examines the influence of the Breviaries of Quignon (1535, 1536) on the "Liturgy of the Hours', the modern Roman Breviary, published in the English edition in 1974.The Introduction traces the events which led up to the publication both of Quignon's Breviaries and the Liturgy of the Hours and an examination of their respective aims. The opposition to and final proscription of Quignon's Breviaries are described. Throughout the thesis the influence and development of the revision of the Breviary of Pius X(1911) are also noted in relation to the Liturgy of the Hours. Chapter I begins by looking at the theories of notable scholars about the origins of the Divine Office, and then goes on to examine the structure of the constituent parts and content of each Hour. Chapters II and III deal respectively with Hymnody and Psalmody and their relation to each of the Hours. The distribution of the Psalter is discussed in some detail. Chapter IV is concerned with the use of Canticles from all parts of Scripture as well as the gospels. In this chapter an excursus is included on Canticles found in the liturgical revisions of the Church of England and the work of the Joint Liturgical Group. Chapter V treats of the Lectionary and Chapter VI of the Collects. The Thesis ends with a chapter in which the following conclusions are drawn four factors have conspired to give the Liturgy of the Hours its present shape. Firstly, the retention of material traditional to the Office; secondly, the expansion of traditional ideas; thirdly, the development of material that is unique to the Liturgy of the Hours as a result of the changed aims and requirements of the Office; and lastly, the particular influence of the Quignon Breviaries

Contrasting styles of aeolian, fluvial and marine interaction in the Cutler Group of the Paradox Basin, SE Utah, USA

The Permian-Pennsylvanian Cutler Group of the Paradox foreland basin of southeast Utah is characterised by a variety of styles of interaction between coeval aeolian, fluvial and marine environments that have resulted in the generation and preservation of a complex suite of stratal architectures. Detailed 3D architectural element analysis has enabled the nature of these interactions to be interpreted in order to constrain both the spatial and temporal scale over which competing processes operated. Of four formations that comprise the Cutler Group, detailed examples of aeolian-fluvial-marine interaction from two localities are presented here; firstly from the upper part of the Lower Cutler Beds and secondly from the upper part of the Cedar Mesa Sandstone and its transition with the overlying Organ Rock Formation

The lithofacies organization of fluvial channel deposits: a meta-analysis of modern rivers

Environmental interpretations of subsurface fluvial successions are commonly based on facies observations from core and are often attempted by generalist geologists by reference to classic facies models. However, for fluvial channel deposits, the value of observations on lithofacies proportions for interpretations of depositional environment has yet to be assessed quantitatively. Here, a test is presented that is based on a comparative study of facies data from 77 reaches of 46 modern rivers. The analysis is undertaken on datasets from published case studies stored in a sedimentological database, with consideration of causes for observational bias, and with particular attention paid to sandy lithofacies. The observed variability in the proportion of facies assemblages in the channel deposits of sandy river systems is quantified for classes of environments categorized according to channel pattern (braided, low sinuosity, meandering), climatic setting (arid to perhumid), and discharge regime (ephemeral to perennial). By capturing the variability in facies organization within fluvial systems of certain types, these outputs serve as facies models that provide a measure of uncertainty to sedimentological interpretations. Concurrently, the statistical analysis presented enables a test of the significance of relationships between the relative proportions of channel lithofacies and parameters that either represent controlling factors (e.g., water-discharge characteristics) or covariates (e.g., channel pattern). For classes of river systems grouped by channel pattern, climate, and discharge regime, emerging features of facies organization can be identified. Statistically, it is observed that relationships exist (i) between channel pattern and the frequency of the preserved expression of bedforms, and (ii) between controls on river hydrology (climate, discharge regime and seasonal variability) and the record of upper and lower flow-regime conditions. Thus, the results corroborate existing qualitative facies models in some respects. However, observations of the relative dominance of facies in channel deposits demonstrate limited value for interpretations or predictions in subsurface or outcrop studies, as variability within each type of depositional system is significant. Corehole data of fluvial channel deposits may be commonly overinterpreted

On the geological significance of clastic parasequences

Parasequences recognized in clastic sedimentary successions of shallow-marine origin are considered by some geologists to be the fundamental building blocks of depositional sequences, even though problems in their definition and application have been identified by others, who instead advocate their abandonment as formal sequence stratigraphic units. To elucidate the geological significance of clastic parasequences and inform the debate on their use in stratigraphy, a quantitative characterization of the geometry, facies characteristics and timescale of deposition of 1163 parasequences has been undertaken based on a synthesis of data from outcrop and subsurface studies that are available in the scientific literature. Through a database compilation, the attributes of the studied parasequences are analysed with respect to the interpreted geological origin of the units, and with consideration of sources of bias and uncertainty. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the following: (i) the importance of heuristics, and of data types and coverage in the recognition of parasequences; (ii) differences in parasequence characteristics observed across deltaic and shoreface depositional systems, and between the Quaternary and the ancient rock record; (iii) possible explanations for the range in timescales of deposition of parasequences; and (iv) the role of autogenic dynamics on the development of deltaic parasequences, partly based on a comparison with the recent evolution of modern deltas. The results demonstrate that parasequence definition and physical correlation suffer from subjectivity, and that significant variability exists in the spatio-temporal and architectural attributes of clastic parasequences. This gives rise to uncertainty that affects the use of parasequences as a framework for comparison of the architecture of packages of strata originating via shoreline regression: this uncertainty must be considered when using analogue data for subsurface predictions or when attempting comparative studies of clastic successions