Suspension model for blood flow through a tapering catheterized inclined artery with asymmetric stenosis

We intend to study a particle fluid suspension model for blood flow through an axially asymmetric but radially symmetric mild stenosis in the annular region of an inclined tapered artery and a co-axial catheter in a suitable flow geometry has been considered to investigate the influence of velocity slip at the stenotic wall as well as hematocrit, shape parameter. The model also includes the tapering effect and inclination of the artery. Expressions for the flow variables have been derived analytically and their variations with various flow parameters are represented graphically. The results for the different values of the parameters involved show that the impedance to flow increases with stenosis height, hematocrit and catheter radius. However, it decreases with the shape parameter, angle of inclination of artery and velocity slip at the stenotic wall. The present analysis is an extension of the work by Chakraborty et al. (2011) and also includes several theoretical models of arterial stenosis in the uniform, tapering and catheterized tubes, with the consideration of velocity slip or zero slip at the vessel wall. Finally, some biological implications of this theoretical modeling are included in brief

Enhancement of solubility of Metaclopramide using solid dispersion technique with different carriers (HPβCD, PVP K-30)

Modern drug discovery has led to the development of drug molecules that exhibit high lipophilicity and poor water solubility, which leads to problematic bioavailability. Approaches have thus been made to enhance dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs through modifications and creation of specific formulations. Metaclopramide is an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent, commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting. It is absorbed well after oral administration but a significant first pass effect in some human patients may reduce systemic bioavailability to 30%.The Metaclopramide base is thus modified from Metaclopramide hydrochloride to enhance solubility .This has been achieved by the formulating in solid dispersion since Metaclopramide is poorly water soluble. Though it is absorbed well after oral administration, a significant first pass effect in some patients reduces systemic bioavailability, which can cause adverse side effects. This solid dispersion has then been used through transdermal drug delivery. Enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble drug by solid dispersion may be attributed to particles modified characters such as particle size reduction, improved wettability, higher porosity, decreased lattice energy, amorphous state. The main objective thus includes modification of drug Metaclopramide  hydrochloride to Metaclopramide base, preparation of solid dispersion of modified Metaclopramide  base drug which has poor water solubility, experimental analysis of Metaclopramide base drug and solid dispersion products with carriers. Keywords: solubility, Metaclopramide, solid dispersion, carriers, HPβCD, PVP K-3

Comparative analysis of some commonly consumed allergic food materials

Abstract Background Food allergy is turning out to be one of the vital causes of death in all countries irrespective of the socio-economic status of the people. The extent of mortality from food allergens has increased several folds in the last decade. This has brought research on food allergy and its causative properties to the front. Human beings have the natural power to fight with an allergen, ranging from viruses to food. But in the case of immune-compromise or some other defects in the immune system, individuals can react against some food allergic component(s). Various studies have indicated that cereal or grain particles are more allergic materials than fruits or vegetables.   Objective This study was carried out with the main objective of understanding the variations in various biochemical parameters of a few foods commonly consumed and known to elicit allergic reactions.   Methods In this study, a few food materials known to elicit allergic reactions in some individuals were selected and comparative analysis (qualitative and quantitative) was performed in an attempt to understand the basis of their differential responses.   Results The studies indicated difference in various biochemical parameters and anti-oxidative properties between equivalent quantities of the food samples.   Conclusion Our study has revealed differential levels of nutrient contents and anti-oxidative properties between equivalent quantities of the samples of allergic food materials. These findings can be used for further research on the underlying mechanisms of their action. Keywords: Food allergy, Biochemical attributes, Non-communicable diseases, Dietary habits, Nutritio

Review on Solubility enhancement of Metoclopramide base by solid dispersion technique for Transdermal drug delivery system

Modern drug discovery has led to the development of drug molecules that exhibit high lipophilicity and poor water solubility, which leads to problematic bioavailability. Approaches have thus been made to enhance dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs through modifications and creation of specific formulations. Metoclopramide is an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent, commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting. It is absorbed well after oral administration but a significant first pass effect in some human patients may reduce systemic bioavailability to 30%.The Metoclopramide base is thus modified from Metoclopramide hydrochloride to enhance solubility .This has been achieved by the formulating in solid dispersion since Metoclopramide is poorly water soluble. Though it is absorbed well after oral administration,a significant first pass effect in some patients reduces systemic bioavailability, which can cause adverse side effects. This solid dispersion has then been used through transdermal drug delivery. Enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble drug by solid dispersion may be attributed to particles modified characters such as particle size reduction, improved wettability, higher porosity, decreased lattice energy, amorphous state. Transdermal drug delivery system has a lot of advantages such as bypassing hepatic first pass, avoidance of risks of I.V therapy, enhancing therapeutic efficiency and others but limitations like skin irritations are also prevalent. Keywords: Solid dispersion, Metoclopramide, solubility, bioavailability, transdermal drug delivery system

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. in some common Bangladeshi milk and dairy products

The study was done to isolate Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. from raw milk, processed milk (powdered milk & ultra-high-temperature milk) and dairy products (mango milk, and ice cream). During 3 months’ time span of study, a total of ten samples were gathered where eight of the samples powdered milk (2), ultra-high-temperature milk (2), ice cream (2) & mango milk (2) were gathered from different places of Bangladesh & other 2 samples (raw milk) were collected from a cattle farm & individual households in & around Noakhali city. The samples were gathered under aseptic safety measures and were followed by plating on non-selective media (Nutrient broth) & selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar & Macconkey agar). The presumptive Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Analysis of the result discovered that out of a total of 10 samples; raw milk (2), processed milk i.e. powdered milk (2), ultra-high-temperature milk (2) and dairy products i.e. mango milk (2) and ice cream (2) resulted in the isolation of 8 isolates (2.5%) of S. aureus, (12.5%) of Klebsiella spp., (2.5%) of Pseudomonas spp. & (2.5%) of Escherichia coli. Results recommended a probability of potential public health threat of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. resulting from contamination of milk and dairy products with pathogenic microorganisms is mainly due to unhygienic practices and conditions in the handling, production, and processing

A study to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of acute respiratory infection among mothers of children 0-5 years in selected hospital in Siliguri

Background: In developing countries like India acute respiratory infection (ARI) contributes in child mortality upto 75% and out of 10, 7 deaths are due to ARI. The knowledge of the mothers towards the disease is a significant determinant of child’s health.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 100 mothers of children 0-5 years admitted in pediatric ward and postnatal ward in selected hospital Siliguri during the year 2022 in the month of March. Data was collected using structured interview method.Results: 20% of mothers have good knowledge in prevention and 33% had good knowledge in management of ARI.Conclusions: As the leading cause of death among children, knowledge assessment about ARI among the mothers is very important, which helps for better understanding of the intensity of the problem

Design and implementation of a noise temperature measurement system for the Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and verification of a test-bed for determining the noise temperature of radio antennas operating between 400-800MHz. The requirements for this test-bed were driven by the HIRAX experiment, which uses antennas with embedded amplification, making system noise characterization difficult in the laboratory. The test-bed consists of two large cylindrical cavities, each containing radio-frequency (RF) absorber held at different temperatures (300K and 77K), allowing a measurement of system noise temperature through the well-known 'Y-factor' method. The apparatus has been constructed at Yale, and over the course of the past year has undergone detailed verification measurements. To date, three preliminary noise temperature measurement sets have been conducted using the system, putting us on track to make the first noise temperature measurements of the HIRAX feed and perform the first analysis of feed repeatability.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure

Online chemical adsorption studies of Hg, Tl, and Pb on SiO2 and Au surfaces in preparation for chemical investigations on Cn, Nh, and Fl at TASCA

Online gas-solid adsorption studies with single-atom quantities of Hg, Tl, and Pb, the lighter homologs of the superheavy elements (SHE) copernicium (Cn, Z =112), nihonium (Nh, Z =113), and flerovium (Fl, Z =114), were carried out using short-lived radioisotopes. The interaction with Au and SiO 2 surfaces was studied and the overall chemical yield was determined. Suitable radioisotopes were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions, isolated in the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA, and flushed rapidly to an adjacent setup of two gas chromatography detector arrays covered with SiO 2 (first array) and Au (second array). While Tl and Pb adsorbed on the SiO 2 surface, Hg interacts only weakly and reached the Au-covered array. Our results contribute to elucidating the influence of relativistic effects on chemical properties of the heaviest elements by providing experimental data on these lighter homologs

Promoting Information Literacy in Libraries: Insights from Research on Designs and Frameworks

This study investigates designs and frameworks utilised for promoting information literacy (IL) in libraries. Scopus database was used to retrieve the research articles published during 2014 to 2023. A total of fifteen core research articles were identified and considered for analysis. This study employed content analysis using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This study identified challenges such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and technological issues while implementing IL designs/frameworks. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for library professionals, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to enhance IL initiatives