Differential evolution of anti-VAR2CSA-IgG3 in primigravidae and multigravidae pregnant women infected by Plasmodium falciparum - art. no. 10

Background: Pregnant women develop protective anti-VSA IgG1 and IgG3 when infected by Plasmodium falciparum. The major target of IgG from serum of infected pregnant women is VAR2CSA. Methods: In this study, ELISA was used to compare the level of VAR2CSA DBL5 epsilon- specific IgG subclasses at enrolment and at delivery in a cohort of pregnant women in Senegal. All antibody measures were analysed in relation to placental infection according to parity. Results: The results show an interaction between immune response to placental malaria and parity. A higher level of anti-DBL5 epsilon-IgG3 at enrolment and a higher increase between enrolment and delivery were found in primigravidae who presented with uninfected placenta at delivery in comparison to those who presented with an infection of the placenta. However, high antibody level at delivery was associated with the infection of the placenta in multigravidae. Conclusion: This high level of IgG3 in uninfected primigravidae suggests a protective role of these antibodies in this susceptible group, highlighting the importance of VAR2CSA in general and of some of its variants still to be defined, in the induction of protective immunity to pregnancy malaria

Differential evolution of anti-VAR2CSA- IgG3 in primigravidae and multigravidae pregnant women infected by Plasmodium falciparum

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women develop protective anti-VSA IgG1 and IgG3 when infected by Plasmodium falciparum. The major target of IgG from serum of infected pregnant women is VAR2CSA. METHODS: In this study, ELISA was used to compare the level of VAR2CSA DBL5ε- specific IgG subclasses at enrolment and at delivery in a cohort of pregnant women in Senegal. All antibody measures were analysed in relation to placental infection according to parity. RESULTS: The results show an interaction between immune response to placental malaria and parity. A higher level of anti- DBL5ε- IgG3 at enrolment and a higher increase between enrolment and delivery were found in primigravidae who presented with uninfected placenta at delivery in comparison to those who presented with an infection of the placenta. However, high antibody level at delivery was associated with the infection of the placenta in multigravidae. CONCLUSION: This high level of IgG3 in uninfected primigravidae suggests a protective role of these antibodies in this susceptible group, highlighting the importance of VAR2CSA in general and of some of its variants still to be defined, in the induction of protective immunity to pregnancy malaria

Differential evolution of anti-VAR2CSA- IgG3 in primigravidae and multigravidae pregnant women infected by -0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Differential evolution of anti-VAR2CSA- IgG3 in primigravidae and multigravidae pregnant women infected by "</p><p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/7/1/10</p><p>Malaria Journal 2008;7():10-10.</p><p>Published online 11 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2254423.</p><p></p>5ε-, as well as against MSP1. Antibody plasma levels are expressed as arbitrary units (AU) and are shown at enrolment and at delivery for primigravid (panel A, n = 53) and multigravid women (panel B, n = 185) from Senegal. The top, bottom, and line through the middle of the box correspond to the 75percentile, 25percentile, and 50percentile (median), respectively. The whiskers on the bottom extend from the 10percentile and top 90percentile

Diversité des prises en charge hospitalières de l'anorexie mentale en psychiatrie en France

International audienceBackground: Hospitalization is rare in anorexia nervosa (AN) and local application of indications is heterogeneous. However, no study has evaluated the effect of these different treatment modalities on the mean length of stay. Our objective was to describe the context and modalities of a wide range of hospital care programs offered to patients with anorexia nervosa in eleven specialized French psychiatric centers for patients from childhood to adulthood. This work was carried out within the framework of the EVHAN (Evaluation of Hospitalization for AN, Eudract number: 2007-A01110-53, registered in Clinical trials) research program. The EVHAN program comprises five main lines: weight objectives at discharge, the practice or not of a separation period, the use of clear nutritional dietary objectives (cognitive/behavioral), the intensity of family involvement in treatment, and the existence or absence of a stabilization phase before ending inpatient treatment. These main lines will make it possible to study the impact of treatment modalities on the future of patients in the short and medium term (at discharge and at 1-year follow-up). Methods: The eleven centers are located in France (Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris and Ile-de-France, Rouen and Saint-Étienne). Various staff members (psychiatrists, somatic doctors, nurses, dieticians, psychologists) from each center were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on operating modalities and context of care were collected and analyzed. Results: Four of the eleven centers were exclusively child/adolescent centers, and seven of 11 were adolescent (from 11, 13 or 16 years) and young adult centers. All centers offered a graduated approach from outpatient to full hospitalization. The majority had a number of beds allocated for patients with eating disorders. The criteria for hospitalization were homogeneous with respect to somatic and/or psychic severity prefiguring the consensus criteria defined by the French Health Authority (HAS) in 2010. Child/adolescent units used the weight curve to set weight objectives at discharge (between the 10th and 50th percentiles). Most adult units used weight objectives at discharge corresponding to a body mass index between 17 and 20 kg/m2. Nine centers used a written or oral care contract. One unit did not separate the patient from her/his usual environment, the others had a practice gradient of partial separation and total separation times. These were either short, lasting a maximum of 3 weeks, or long, lasting more than 3 weeks. Conversely, patients were not isolated within the unit, and benefited from a rich social life, depending on her/his physical condition. The patient's family was in contact with the team and fully supported. The longest periods of separation involved adolescents and adults. Nutritional support varied from a group approach (meals in the dining room, standardized meals of the care center) to very individualized approaches within a specific framework. All the units reported meeting with families at least once during the hospitalization; with the patient's parents for child/adolescent patients and/or unmarried patients and with the husband/wife for married patients. The majority of the centers requested a phase of weight stabilization, whatever the age before hospital discharge. Conclusion: There is international and national consensus regarding the indications for hospitalization, and the main lines of multidisciplinary care to be developed within this framework. However, local application of these indications was heterogeneous resulting in diverse modalities of hospital care for anorexia nervosa in France. Specialized teams have developed management strategies arising from their “team culture”. The complexity of the anorexic pathology, due to the psyche-soma intrication and the diversity of age groups, highlights the complexity of care available. The impact of this diversity of hospital care on patient outcomes will be studied as a result of this work

Caregivers in anorexia nervosa: is grief underlying parental burden?

AUTEURS : The members of the EVHAN GroupInternational audiencePurpose: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe chronic disorder and parents’ experience of caregiving is usually marked by emotional distress and burden. Severe chronic psychiatric disorders are known to be linked with the concept of grief. Grief has not been investigated in AN. The aim of this study was to explore parents’ and adolescents’ characteristics that may be related to parental burden and grief in AN, and the link between these two dimensions. Methods: Eighty mothers, 55 fathers and their adolescents (N = 84) hospitalized for AN participated in this study. Evaluations of clinical characteristics of the adolescent’s illness were completed, as well as self-evaluations of adolescent and parental emotional distress (anxiety, depression, alexithymia). Levels of parental burden were evaluated with the Experience of Caregiving Inventory and levels of parental grief with the Mental Illness Version of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief. Results: Main findings indicated that the burden was higher in parents of adolescents with a more severe AN; fathers’ burden was also significantly and positively related to their own level of anxiety. Parental grief was higher when adolescents’ clinical state was more severe. Paternal grief was related to higher anxiety and depression, while maternal grief was correlated to higher alexithymia and depression. Paternal burden was explained by the father’s anxiety and grief, maternal burden by the mother’s grief and her child’s clinical state. Conclusion: Parents of adolescents suffering from AN showed high levels of burden, emotional distress and grief. These inter-related experiences should be specific targets for intervention aimed at supporting parents. Our results support the extensive literature on the need to assist fathers and mothers in their caregiving role. This in turn may improve both their mental health and their abilities as caregivers of their suffering child. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies