Cloning of phenazine carboxylic acid genes of Fusarium fujikuroi antagonists bacteria

Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi is an important diseases on rice. Pseudomonasfluorescens produces the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is activeagainst a variety of fungal root pathogens. In this study two genes from seven gene locus of phenazinewere cloned in Escherichia coli DH5. The contaminated rice samples were collected from infected farmsof Guilan. 238 bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere. The antagonistic ability of 12 of which, wasdemonstrated with dual culture method. From the biochemical and culture results, 8 isolated wereidentified as P. fluorescens. The two genes from seven gene locus of phenazine were cloned into E. coliDH5. We speculate that P. fluorescens that produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) play an importantrole in the natural suppressiveness of this soil to causal agent of collar and root rot of rice

Phagocytic changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following administration of immunostimulants Quil-A and levamisole

In this research Quil-A and levamisole as immunostimulants were used both by immersion route (Quil-A, 40 mg/L and levamisole, 50 mg/L) and oral route (Quil-A 5, 10 mg and levamisole 20, 40mg) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(mean weight 80g) daily for 20 days. After twenty days of treatment with immunostimulants, stained heat killed Candida albicans and Bacillus cereus were injected intravenously via caudal vein. Two hours after injection, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected. Phagocytosis rate of blood and kidney smears were studied using Gimsa staining. Results showed that phagocytosis of Candida albicans cells by blood leukocytes in immersion groups into 40mg/L and 50 mg/L levamisole and orally used 5 and 10 mg Quil-A groups were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. While fish given 20 mg levamisole orally did not show a significant difference with control group and phagocytosis in 40mg levamisole by oral administration was suppressed as showed significant difference with control and other groups. Phagocytosis of Bacillus cereus cells showed similar results to the Candida albicans cells. Phagocytosis rate in kidney tissue was also stimulated in all groups except for 20 and 40mg levamisole groups presumably due to immunosuppressive effect of high levamisole rate

Fishing trend and fisheries potential analyses for the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman, 1973-2003

Catch data from Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman during 1973 to 2001 were used to assess the state of the fishery development in these ecosystems. Also, fishery trends were analyzed to determine catch fluctuations during the period. Catch trend for each species from 1997 to 2003 was analyzed and fishing potential of the species for the following year was predicted. Based on the assessments, we can summarize fishing development in the southern waters of Iran into three periods: undeveloped, rapid development stage and developed stage. The undeveloped stage continued till early 1981, continued by a rapid stage until 1997, reaching to maximum level of at this year and continuing ever since. Catch trend analyses for each species during 1997 to 2003 showed different patterns for each species depending on its economic value. However, the mean catch of all species showed a sustainable trend in the two marine ecosystems. It is concluded that the catch quantity for most of the species have already reached a maximum level. Therefore, in order to keep fisheries sustainable in the region, excess fishing should be avoided

Developing Prognostic Models Using Duality Principles for DC-to-DC Converters

Within the field of Integrated System Health Management, there is still a lack of technological approaches suitable for the creation of adequate prognostic model for large applications whereby a number of similar or even identical subsystems and components are used. Existing similarity among a number of different systems, which are comprised of similar components but with different topologies, can be employed to assign the prognostics of one system to other systems using an inference engine. In the process of developing prognostics, this approach will thereby save resources and time. This paper presents a radically novel approach for building prognostic models based on system similarity in cases where duality principle in electrical systems is utilized. In this regard, unified damage model is created based on standard Tee/Pi models, prognostics model based on transfer functions, and remaining useful life (RUL) estimator based on how energy relaxation time of system is changed due to degradation. An advantage is that the prognostic model can be generalized such that a new system could be developed on the basis and principles of the prognostic model of other systems. Simple electronic circuits, dc-to-dc converters, are to be used as an experiment to exemplify the potential success of the proposed technique validated with prognostics models from particle filter

Reliability enhanced EV using pattern recognition techniques

The following paper will contribute to the development of novel data transmission techniques from an IVHM perspective so that Electrical Vehicles (EV) will be able to communicate semantically by directly pointing out to the worst failure/threat scenarios. This is achieved by constructing an image-based data communication in which the data that is monitored by a vast number of different sensors are collected as images; and then, the meaningful failure/threat objects are transmitted among a number of EVs. The meanings of these objects that are clarified for each EV by a set of training patterns are semantically linked from one to other EVs through the similarities that the EVs share. This is a similar approach to wellknown image compression and retrieval techniques, but the difference is that the training patterns, codebook, and codewords within the different EVs are not the same. Hence, the initial image that is compressed at the transmitter side does not exactly match the image retrieved at the receiver's side; as it concerns both EVs semantically that mainly addresses the worst risky scenarios. As an advantage, connected EVs would require less number of communication channels to talk together while also reducing data bandwidth as it only sends the similarity rates and tags of patterns instead of sending the whole initial image that is constructed from various sensors, including cameras. As a case study, this concept is applied to DC-DC converters which refer to a system that presents one of the major problems for EVs

The appearance of a compact jet in the soft-intermediate state of 4U 1543-47

Recent advancements in the understanding of jet-disc coupling in black hole candidate X-ray binaries (BHXBs) have provided close links between radio jet emission and X-ray spectral and variability behaviour. In 'soft' X-ray states the jets are suppressed, but the current picture lacks an understanding of the X-ray features associated with the quenching or recovering of these jets. Here we show that a brief, ~4 day infrared (IR) brightening during a predominantly soft X-ray state of the BHXB 4U 1543-47 is contemporaneous with a strong X-ray Type B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), a slight spectral hardening and an increase in the rms variability, indicating an excursion to the soft-intermediate state (SIMS). This IR 'flare' has a spectral index consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission and most likely originates from the steady, compact jet. This core jet emitting in the IR is usually only associated with the hard state, and its appearance during the SIMS places the 'jet line' between the SIMS and the soft state in the hardness-intensity diagram for this source. IR emission is produced in a small region of the jets close to where they are launched (~ 0.1 light-seconds), and the timescale of the IR flare in 4U 1543-47 is far too long to be caused by a single, discrete ejection. We also present a summary of the evolution of the jet and X-ray spectral/variability properties throughout the whole outburst, constraining the jet contribution to the X-ray flux during the decay.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 6 figure

Principle of Duality on Prognostics

The accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) of various components and devices used in complex systems, e.g., airplanes remain to be addressed by scientists and engineers. Currently, there area wide range of innovative proposals put forward that intend on solving this problem. Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) has thus far seen some growth in this sector, as a result of the extensive progress shown in demonstrating feasible and viable techniques. The problems related to these techniques were that they often consumed time and were too expensive and resourceful to develop. In this paper we present a radically novel approach for building prognostic models that compensates and improves on the current prognostic models inconsistencies and problems. Broadly speaking, the new approach proposes a state of the art technique that utilizes the physics of a system rather than the physics of a component to develop its prognostic model. A positive aspect of this approach is that the prognostic model can be generalized such that a new system could be developed on the basis and principles of the prognostic model of another system. This paper will mainly explore single switch dc-to-dc converters which will be used as an experiment to exemplify the potential success that can be discovered from the development of a novel prognostic model that can efficiently estimate the remaining useful life of one system based on the prognostics of its dual system