TEACHING SCIENCE COMMUNICATION TO SCIENCE STUDENTS

The skills required to effectively communicate disciplinary science knowledge to public audiences are not explicitly taught as part of all undergraduate science degrees, and yet the importance of clear and effective science communication has arguably never been greater. This workshop will provide foundational strategies and techniques to support science educators to teach effective and engaging science communication to undergraduate and postgraduate students. It will highlight perspectives from practice, research and teaching to provide a framework for science educators who wish to incorporate science communication activities or assessments as part of their regular courses or to develop dedicated science communication courses

Turning marketing promises into business value: The experience of an industrial SME

The article studies the value that businesses should have for their customers and shareholders. It explains how to develop such value to meet or exceed customer's expectations through the application of the promise framework. The promise model includes promises made to customers, promises kept, and promises that involve a synchronized effort from the whole firm to create and deliver value to customers

What Happens Next?

No abstract available

Pore water chemistry and early diagenesis in sediments of Lake Rotorua, New Zealand

To gain an understanding of the transfer of nutrients and trace elements from sediment pore waters to surface waters of eutrophic Lake Rotorua and the early diagenetic processes controlling the transfer, pore water chemistry in the sediments of Lake Rotorua was investigated over a one year period in 2006 by collection of sediment cores on three occasions and deployment of pore water equilibrators on two occasions. Pore water concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+, S, PO4, NH4, As, Cd, and Pb were analysed. Phosphate and ammonium fluxes to the water column from the sediments were calculated from measured concentration gradients by Fick's law of diffusion. Gas present in the sediments was analysed for composition, and source, and its ebullition rate measured. Anaerobic oxidation of organic matter is indicated by negative Eh values. Sulfate reduction was indicated near the sediment-water interface and releases of Fe2+, Mn2+, PO4 and NH4 into the pore water from particulate material were associated with the reducing conditions. Peaks in concentration of nutrients and elements occurred at the sediment surface over summer and deeper in the pore water profile over the cooler months of May and September. Sampling with peepers at fine scales immediately above the sediment-water interface indicated the presence of a nepheloid layer where elements are actively being recycled. Sulfate reduction appears to occur in the layer above the sediment-water interface, indicating that dissolved oxygen has already been reduced. Phosphorus is possibly being removed by iron and manganese oxide/hydroxide precipitation 5 to 15 cm above the sediment-water interface. Pore water saturation calculations indicate that sulfides may be controlling concentrations of iron and possibly other metals in the pore water by formation of pyrite in the zone of sulfate reduction. Below the zone of sulfate reduction, siderite and vivianite may be precipitating and acting as an additional sink for iron and phosphorus. ii Nutrient release rates based on Fick's law of diffusion indicated 430 tonnes of dissolved phosphorus and 1150 tonnes of ammonium were released to Lake Rotorua's water column in 2006, suggesting nutrient release from the sediments is the dominant flux of nutrients to the water column of Lake Rotorua. Methanogenesis, from acetate fermentation, occurs below the zone of sulfate reduction, where it becomes the dominant process in organic matter degradation. Ebullition of gas was measured at 126 ml m-2 d-1 and this gas was comprised dominantly of methane. Possible remediation techniques that could reduce the internal load of nutrients released from the lake sediments include sediment removal by dredging or capping the sediments with an adsorbent or sealing layer. Capping the sediments could be compromised by ebullition of gas that would disrupt the capped layer, opening up pathways that allow more readily for exchange between pore water nutrients and the water column. Dredging is likely to stimulate the ebullition of most of the trapped gas and result in a rapid efflux of much of the nutrient rich pore water into the lake, however dredging the top 10 to 20 cm of the sediments may partially reduce phosphorus in the pore waters but would not substantially reduce ammonium and fluxes would remain similar to current levels. Improving redox conditions in the sediments could reduce pyrite formation improving phosphorus binding with iron

Nuclear processes associated with plant immunity and pathogen susceptibility

Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved exquisite and sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to their biotic and abiotic environment. Plants deploy receptors and vast signalling networks to detect, transmit and respond to a given biotic threat by inducing properly dosed defence responses. Genetic analyses and, more recently, next-generation -omics approaches have allowed unprecedented insights into the mechanisms that drive immunity. Similarly, functional genomics and the emergence of pathogen genomes have allowed reciprocal studies on the mechanisms governing pathogen virulence and host susceptibility, collectively allowing more comprehensive views on the processes that govern disease and resistance. Among others, the identification of secreted pathogen molecules (effectors) that modify immunity-associated processes has changed the plant–microbe interactions conceptual landscape. Effectors are now considered both important factors facilitating disease and novel probes, suited to study immunity in plants. In this review, we will describe the various mechanisms and processes that take place in the nucleus and help regulate immune responses in plants. Based on the premise that any process required for immunity could be targeted by pathogen effectors, we highlight and describe a number of functional assays that should help determine effector functions and their impact on immune-related processes. The identification of new effector functions that modify nuclear processes will help dissect nuclear signalling further and assist us in our bid to bolster immunity in crop plants

LESSONS FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION FROM MUSEOLOGY

Science communication has much in common with museology. By looking at what each field is trying to achieve rather than its main focus, common goals start to emerge such as fostering communities, raising literacy and encouraging the sharing and creating of knowledge. When teaching science students to communicate their discipline, it is of paramount importance to instil the importance of ethical science communication. This is a growing area of the field that has much to learn from museology, a discipline that has long strived to meet a strong ethical and moral function (Medvecky & Leach, 2019). In this talk I will explain this foundational idea of my PhD, based on previous research and experience as a science communicator within a museum. As science communicators, we can use the framework sitting within museums to support our practice and work out how to have social impact, as well as educational impact. We can understand more about how to shift behaviours and attitudes towards science through our communication efforts, contributing to a more engaged and scientifically literate community. This will help build a foundation for educators to imbed ethical and actionable science communication skills in students

SHARING SCIENCE THROUGH FREE AND OPEN ELECTRONIC LABORATORY NOTEBOOKS – A GITHUB CASESTUDY

Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELN) are widely used in industry due to the many advantages offered including version-control, security and shareability. For over five years, through the Breaking Good Initiative (https://www.breakinggoodproject.com), we have been working with high school students and undergraduates across three continents and involving young people in a crowdsourced citizen science project where they make molecules that matter. One of the key challenges for the project has been finding a single appropriate platform that enables students to both share results and data, and talk to members of the open source community. For years we successfully used the open source LabTrove platform for research and crowdsourced projects (Badiola et al., 2014) and have used LabArchives for several years within our teaching and research at the University of Sydney. We now report our experiences using GitHub, a web-based platform originally developed for coders that enables version control (https://github.com). In this talk we will describe the use of GitHub as an open ELN and discussion platform that enables researchers, students and citizen scientists to collaborate in real time, and discuss how this platform can be used as a tool to enhance the learning experience for students in both formal and informal settings. REFERENCES Badiola, K.A., Bird, C., Brocklesby, W.S., Casson, J., Chapman, R.T., Coles, S.J., Cronshaw, J.R., Fisher, A., Grey, J.G., Gloria, D., Grossel, M.C., Hibbert, D.B., Knight, N., Mapp, L.K., Marazzi, L., Matthews, B., Milsted, A., Minns, R.S., Mueller, K.T., Murphey, K., Parkinson, T., Quinnell, R., Robinson, J.S., Robertson, M.N., Robins, M., Springate, E., Tizzard, G., Tood M.H., Williamson, A.E., Willoughby, C., Yang, E., & Yliojia, P.M. (2014). Experiences with a researcher-centric ELN. Chemical Science, 2015(6), 1614-1629

A Praxis framework for implementing market orientation into charities

There is a scarcity of research regarding the process of introducing market orientation into the not-for-profit sector. Understanding this process would greatly assist the not-for-profit sector, which is under increasing pressure to obtain funds to operate and offer appropriate services. In this article, we examine the successful introduction of market orientation into three Australian charities and identify the stages of implementation. The introduction of market orientation is analyzed from a discourse transformation perspective and a praxis framework is developed. This is amongst the first studies examining the transition to a market orientation discourse within charity organizations and the first study to develop a praxis framework to guide managers. The study also pioneers a discourse transformation perspective in market orientation research. The article thus extends our knowledge of market orientation within the not-for-profit sector and increases understanding of practitioner engagement in marketing activities

BUILDING INCLUSIVITY IN SCIENCE COMMUNICATION THROUGH MULTIPLE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

The development of science communication practice is often driven by the evolving needs and embedded values of a specific culture or country (Davies & Horst 2016). These differing perspectives are lost when we focus on Western histories of science and science communication. In the literature, and often in practice, this has resulted in the exclusion of non-Western and Indigenous histories of communicating scientific knowledge (Orthia, 2020). Similarly, science syllabi often privilege Western histories of science, with narratives of white male scientists dominating science history (Pringle & McLaughlin, 2014). These narratives are neither representative of the rich history of science nor the diversity of the student cohorts. Incorporating science history into curriculums can improve student engagement and understanding of concepts (Olsson et al., 2015), highlighting the importance of representing diverse histories. This presentation will explore multiple histories of science communication, including Western, non-Western, and Indigenous histories. It will challenge the ‘deficit to dialogue’ rhetoric by highlighting the broad landscape of science communication in Australia and globally. Finally, it will suggest some ways to broaden histories of science communication and acknowledge those that have been excluded in order to build towards a more inclusive future of science education and communication. REFERENCES Davies, S. R., & Horst, M. (2016). Science Communication. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50366-4 Olsson, K. A., Balgopal, M. M., & Levinger, N. E. (2015). How Did We Get Here? Teaching Chemistry with a Historical Perspective. Journal of Chemical Education, 92(11), 1773–1776. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed5005239 Orthia, L. (2020). Strategies for including communication of non-Western and indigenous knowledges in science communication histories. Journal of Science Communication, 19(2), A02. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.19020202 Pringle, R. M., & McLaughlin, C. A. (2014). Preparing Science Teachers for Diversity: Integrating the Contributions of Scientists from Underrepresented Groups in the Middle School Science Curriculum. In M. M. Atwater, M. Russell, & M. B. Butler (Eds.), Multicultural Science Education: Preparing Teachers for Equity and Social Justice (pp. 193–208). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7651-7_1

Retailers’ perceived value of manufacturers’ brands

Most of the theoretical and empirical research into brand equity has focused on business to consumer relationships and the value created with end-customers (consumer-based brand equity). Little is known of the processes where brands create value in business-to-business relationships such as in manufacturer-retailer relationships. This article reports the qualitative findings of a research project into this under-researched area investigating the role of brands in business-to-business relationships. The results show that manufacturers’ brand equity is linked to the value of the brand performance as perceived by the retailer. This perceived value has an impact on key relationship variables such as commitment, trust, dependence and cooperation. To obtain the optimal value from the brand, both manufacturers and retailers need to manage these sources of brand asset value within the business relationship. Although large brands have considerable influence in the relationship, smaller brands can also offer value to retailers and play an important part in the management of product categories within the store. A conceptual model is developed that shows the impact of the sources of brand value within a business-to-business relationship