Quality of Romantic Attachment, Forgiveness, and Altruism in Parents of Children with Special Needs and Parents of Regular School Children

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness, quality of romantic attachment with altruism in parents of children with special needs and regular school children. In this study, 275 individuals (144 parents of regular school children using cluster sampling and 131 parents of children with special needs using available sampling[procedure) were selected. In this study Enright forgiveness inventory (Enright, 1977), Adult Attachment Inventory (Hazen& Shaver, 1987), and altruism (Ashton & et al., 1998); were used. Analysis of data was performed by using multiple regression analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that in parents of regular school children there was a significant negative correlation between insecure attachment to spouse and cognitive, emotional and behavioral domain of forgiveness. Whereas in parents of exceptional children there was a significant negative correlation between insecure attachment to spouse and cognitive and behavioral dimensions of forgiveness. Multiple regression analysis revealed that in mothers of children with special needs and regular school children quality of attachment to the spouse was a significant variable in determining the forgiveness (cognitive, behavioral and emotional dimension of forgiveness). The quality of attachment is a significant variable in determining the magnitude of forgiveness. Keyword: forgiveness, quality of attachment to spouse, altruism, exceptional parents, regular school children’s mother. Â

Quality of Romantic Attachment, Forgiveness, and Altruism in Parents of Children with Special Needs and Parents of Regular School Children

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness, quality of romantic attachment with altruism in parents of children with special needs and regular school children. In this study, 275 individuals (144 parents of regular school children using cluster sampling and 131 parents of children with special needs using available sampling[procedure) were selected. In this study Enright forgiveness inventory (Enright, 1977), Adult Attachment Inventory (Hazen& Shaver, 1987), and altruism (Ashton & et al., 1998); were used. Analysis of data was performed by using multiple regression analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that in parents of regular school children there was a significant negative correlation between insecure attachment to spouse and cognitive, emotional and behavioral domain of forgiveness. Whereas in parents of exceptional children there was a significant negative correlation between insecure attachment to spouse and cognitive and behavioral dimensions of forgiveness. Multiple regression analysis revealed that in mothers of children with special needs and regular school children quality of attachment to the spouse was a significant variable in determining the forgiveness (cognitive, behavioral and emotional dimension of forgiveness). The quality of attachment is a significant variable in determining the magnitude of forgiveness. Keyword: forgiveness, quality of attachment to spouse, altruism, exceptional parents, regular school children’s mother. 

Relationship between stress and religious coping and mental health in mothers with normal and intellectually disabled children

AIM: The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between stress, religious coping with mental health of mothers who have normal and intellectually disabled children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To fulfill the above purpose, 383 individuals (190 mothers who had intellectually disabled children and 193 mothers who had normal children) were chosen via convenience sampling. To collect data, Religious Coping Scale (Pargament, 2000), General Health Questionnaire, (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), and Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (GreenBerg and Crick, 1983) were utilized; the data were analyzed through regression coefficient. RESULTS: Analysis of the data showed that while the stress of intellectually disabled children's mothers was significantly and inversely related to social function, the stress of normal children's mothers was significantly and directly related to other factors of mental health (depression, anxiety, and social function). In both groups, there was a significant and direct relationship between positive religious coping and social function and also between negative religious coping and physical function, anxiety, and depression. While there was a significant and direct relationship between the stress of intellectually disabled children's mothers and negative religious coping methods, there was no relationship between the stress and religious coping methods of normal children's mothers. Stress, physical function, anxiety, and depression of intellectually disabled children's mothers were significantly more than normal children's mothers. In addition, the comparison of the two groups showed that there is more positive religious coping among mothers with normal children. CONCLUSION: The intervention in religious beliefs and reduction of stress among intellectually disabled children's mothers is something necessary and important. Hence, the present study suggests that it is necessary to persuade intellectually disabled children's mothers into religious beliefs and reliance on God in order to reduce their mental pressure and enhance their mental health

Investigation of Kinetics and Isotherms of Adsorption of Cd(II) Ions on Nanoclay from Aqueous Solution

In the present work, adsorptive removal of Cd)II( from aqueous solution was studied by using nanoclay (Cloisite Na+). This study was implemented under laboratory conditions in single batch system by adsorption under various environmental conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration. The kinetics of Cadmium adsorption was determined based on Ho et al & Lagergern. Then Langmuir and Freundlich coefficient were determined based on optimum conditions. The Result of this study was showed with increasing of pH from 2 to 8; the adsorption efficiency will be increased. With increasing contact time adsorption efficiency increased. It was also fundwith increasing amount of nanoclay adsorbent, efficiency increased. The results revealed that the results of this research for nanoclay adsorbent is closed to fit Ho et al and Lagergren kinetic and Freundlich isotherm Based on data obtained in this study it can be concluded that adsorption by nanoclay  is an efficient and reliable method for cadmium removal from liquid solutions

Jump Technique versus Seton Method for Anal Fistula Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background The treatment of anal fistula has been a conundrum for surgeons over the years. Various methods such as fistulotomy, fistulectomy, seton, ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT), advancement flaps, fibrin glue, and plugs are well-known techniques. Yet, they may be followed by several considerable complications, including incontinency and recurrence. Methods In this study, the outcomes of the “Jump” and “Seton” techniques are compared. A randomized controlled trial consisting of 130 cases with cryptoglandular anal fistula randomly sorted into two groups was conducted. Group A underwent the “Jump technique” while group B underwent the “Seton technique.” Outcomes, incontinency and recurrences in particular, were evaluated after a year of treatment. Data were analyzed by Fisher Exact, Chi-Square and Mann Whitney Tests. Results Group A with 65 cases underwent the “Jump technique” while group B with 65 cases underwent the “Seton Method.” Recurrence was reported in 12 (20%) cases in group A and 10 (15.6%) cases in group B (). Overall incontinence was reported in 3 (4.6%) cases in group A and 18 (27.7%) cases in group B (). The total St. Mark’s scores for incontinency of group A () and group B () significantly differed (). Conclusions The “Jump technique”, named after a runner who jumped over hurdles, has obviated these complications. The “Jump technique” had satisfactory results and can be utilized as a first-line approach for all types of fistulas. Moreover, it can be redone for cases with recurrences without affecting the continence, paving the way to change the technique during operations

Effect of pomegranate flower extract on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Background: Chemotherapy with cisplatin (CP) is accompanied with nephrotoxicity. Objectives: In the current study, pomegranate flower extract (PFE) has been evaluated as an antioxidant agent against CP-induced-renal toxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (6-8 in each group). The animals in groups 1 to 3 received PFE (25 mg/kg), PFE (50 mg/kg), and placebo (saline), respectively for 9 days, and onset of the day 3, they also received CP (2.5 mg/kg/ day). Groups 4 and 5 were treated with PFE (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 9 days. Finally, the animals were sacrificed at day 9 after collecting blood samples. Kidneys were removed, weighted, and underwent histopathological investigation. Results: The mean serum level of creatinine in group 3 (treated with CP and placebo) increased significantly (p<0.05), but the value decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 1. Kidney weight in group 1 was lower than KW in groups 2 and 3, however it was significant when compared with group 2 (p<0.05). The serum nitrite level in group 2 was non-significantly lower than that in other groups, and no significant changes were observed in serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue level of nitrite was significantly decreased in the positive control and high dose of PFE plus CP-treated groups (p<0.05). Among CP-treated groups, low dose of PFE significantly improved kidney nitrite level (p<0.05). The results from histopathological staining indicated less tissue damage in group 1 when compared with group 3. Conclusions: It seems that low dose of PFE plays a protective role against CP-induced renal toxicity in rats