Una investigación de los delitos cibernéticos desde el punto de vista de la jurisprudencia de Imamieh (Irán)

The aim of this study was an investigation of cybercrime from the point of view of Imamieh (Iran) jurisprudence. The present study is a descriptive-analytical investigation. The importance of the topic has forced the author not only to review the ideas of academics, but also to provide a foundation of recognition for cybercrime. The results show that jurists believe that acts of depravity should be prosecuted through punishment; and in some cases they have condemned it as mofsed-e-filarz, which is punishable by death. Likewise, the points of view of jurists have been investigated; research has been based on research. Through the investigations carried out, it is made clear that certain crimes that have been used by social networks to decrease chastity in society include the disclosure of adultery, pimping, pornography, etc., which have been referred to by legislators and saints imams and the Prophet. . In the first step, these crimes are not only against the offender, but also target and weaken the foundations of the most important units of any society, which are families.El objetivo de este estudio fue una investigación de los delitos cibernéticos desde el punto de vista de la jurisprudencia de Imamieh (Irán). El presente estudio es una investigación descriptivo-analítica. La importancia del tema ha obligado al autor no solo a revisar las ideas de los académicos, sino también a brindar una base de reconocimiento para los delitos cibernéticos. Los resultados muestran que los juristas creen que los actos que conllevan la depravación deben perseguirse mediante el castigo; y en algunos casos lo han condenado como mofsed-e-filarz, que se castiga con la muerte. Asimismo, se han investigado los puntos de vista de los juristas; la investigación se ha basado en las investigaciones. A través de las investigaciones realizadas, se deja en claro que ciertos delitos que han utilizado las redes sociales para disminuir la castidad en la sociedad incluyen la divulgación de adulterio, proxenetismo, pornografía, etc., que han sido referidos por los legisladores y los santos imanes y el Profeta. En el primer paso, estos delitos no solo son contra el delincuente, sino que también apuntan y debilitan las bases de las unidades más importantes de toda sociedad, que son las familias. &nbsp

Planar bichromatic minimum spanning trees

AbstractGiven a set S of n red and blue points in the plane, a planar bichromatic minimum spanning tree is the shortest possible spanning tree of S, such that every edge connects a red and a blue point, and no two edges intersect. We show that computing this tree is NP-hard in general. For points in convex position, a cubic-time algorithm can be easily designed using dynamic programming. We adapt such an algorithm for the special case where the number of red points (m) is much smaller than the number of blue points (n), resulting in an O(nm2) time algorithm. For the general case, we present a factor O(n) approximation algorithm that runs in O(nlognloglogn) time. Finally, we show that if the number of points in one color is bounded by a constant, the optimal tree can be computed in polynomial time

Evaluation of the Effect of Combination Therapy on Treatment of COVID-19: A Cohort Study

Background: COVID-19 is a new disease for which a definitive treatment has not yet been proposed. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of combination therapy on the treatment of COVID-19 due to the importance of finding an appropriate treatment for this epidemic disease. Methods: This two-center cohort study included 175 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients at two medical centers designated for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Qom and Qazvin, Iran. In this study, four different groups of drug regimens were studied which included G1 (azithromycin, prednisolone, and naproxen), G2 (lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin, naproxen, and prednisolone), G3 (hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, naproxen, and prednisolone), and G4 (levofloxacin, vancomycin, hydroxychloroquine, and oseltamivir). It should be noted that G1, G2, G3, and G4 treatment regimens were used on 48, 39,30, and 77 patients, respectively. Results: The study participants included 175 confirmed COVID-19 patients with mean±SD age of 58.9 ±15.1 years, out of whom 80 (46%) patients were male and the rest were females. The results indicated that the hospital stay period was significantly shorter in the G1 compared to other groups (G1:5.9±2.4, G2:8.1±4.2, G3: 6.3±1.7, and G4: 6.4±2.9; [P-value=0.008]). It should be noted that pulse rate, oxygen saturation, hemoglobin, and platelet count (PLT) changed significantly during the study in four treatment groups; however, a significant change in temperature, creatinine, and white blood cell (WBC) was observed only in G3, G4, and G1 groups, respectively. The number of ICU admissions and deaths were not statistically significant among the patients who received the four treatment regimens (P=0.785). Based on the results, the history of ischemic heart disease, baseline oxygen saturation, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are the risk factors for the prolonged hospital stay in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The obtained results in this study indicated that the combination of azithromycin, prednisolone, and naproxen is the most effective regimen for the treatment of COVID-19, compared to three other combination treatment regimens. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory drugs, Antiviral drugs, Combination therapy, Corticosteroid, COVID-19, Immunomodulators drug

The United States COVID-19 Forecast Hub dataset

Academic researchers, government agencies, industry groups, and individuals have produced forecasts at an unprecedented scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. To leverage these forecasts, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnered with an academic research lab at the University of Massachusetts Amherst to create the US COVID-19 Forecast Hub. Launched in April 2020, the Forecast Hub is a dataset with point and probabilistic forecasts of incident cases, incident hospitalizations, incident deaths, and cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 at county, state, and national, levels in the United States. Included forecasts represent a variety of modeling approaches, data sources, and assumptions regarding the spread of COVID-19. The goal of this dataset is to establish a standardized and comparable set of short-term forecasts from modeling teams. These data can be used to develop ensemble models, communicate forecasts to the public, create visualizations, compare models, and inform policies regarding COVID-19 mitigation. These open-source data are available via download from GitHub, through an online API, and through R packages

Gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID patients

In the present study we report 10 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection with gastrointestinal bleeding. The PCR result was 4 positive and the others had negative PCR, but hadevidence of COVID-19 and had symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding of 7 people was controlled

Spirometric Findings in TNT Factory Workers Compared with Unexposed Controls

Background: Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is one of the most well-known and oldest explosive agents. In the recent decade, bioenvironmental, biochemical, and biological effects of TNT exposure have been more in the spotlight. In this study, we aimed to evaluate spirometric parameters in workers of a TNT factory exposed to TNT and other related fumes and dusts compared with the unexposed controls. Methods: In this case-control study, spirometry was done for TNT factory workers (cases) and matched healthy controls, and their results were compared with each other. Matched controls were selected from workers who worked in the same geographic area without any history of TNT or other chemical materials exposure. Spirometric studies were done during the early hours of day. Results: Overall, 90 subjects (47 TNT exposed cases and 43 controls) were included. The two groups showed no significant difference in demographic characteristics and smoking habits. In spirometry, it was found that the cases had significantly lower forced vital capacity (91.4 ± 13.7% vs. 100.2 ± 13.0%, P = 0.002), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (98.0 ± 14.9% vs. 104.7 ± 12.5%, P = 0.024) and peak expiratory flow (98.4 ± 17.3% vs. 107.9 ± 21.7%, P = 0.025) compared with controls. According to spirometric findings, 10 cases (21.3%) and no controls had restrictive pattern, which means TNT factory workers had 1.27 (CI: 1.09-1.47, P = 0.001) fold risk for development of restrictive patterns. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to TNT or prolonged working in TNT factories may predispose the workers to respiratory disorders. In addition to regular screening programs, preventive measures and devices should be considered for TNT factory workers to reduce the harms

Gender Dysphoria in Iran: legal and Islamic Jurisprudence Perspectives: Gender Dysphoria in Iran

Background and Aim: Gender Dysphoria is the formal diagnosis of psychiatrists that is used to describe a person who has been seriously dissatisfied with his or her gender at birth or the gender role that society considered for them. Some research and studies have been conducted related to investigating social and family dimensions and consequences of this disorder. Surveys and case studies have been done regarding the personality disorders, and personality patterns, and the adaptability of the role and sexual identity of these patients with their new gender, but there are still unanswered questions in this case. Thus, by investigating the legitimacy of sex change surgery in terms of jurisprudence and legal elements before and after sex change, this study tries to remove the ambiguity in this area. Materials and Methods: In this study, using keywords such as sex change, Gender Identity Disorder, and ‘Gender Dysphoria’ in the jurisprudence and legal areas of SID, Google Scholar, Magiran, Noormags databases, the related resources were studied and analyzed. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trusteeship were taken into consideration in the analysis of information and sources. Findings: There is no single perspective in terms of legitimacy or prohibition of sex-change surgery among scholars and Grand Ayatollahs. Some have permitted sex-change surgery and some others believe that superficial sex change is not permissible without a creatural background. There is also a legal gap not only in the Islamic Penalty Code (IPC) but also in other Iranian laws on the provisions and conditions of sex change. This issue has raised ambiguity in the rights and duties of people seeking sex-change surgery. This is while, in the laws of many other countries, this issue has been explicitly mentioned, and this framework greatly contributes to many people with ‘Gender Dysphoria’ and removes confusion in this regard. Conclusion: In Iranian law, the approval of laws regarding the provision of medical facilities, insurance services and the adoption of clear and transparent rules on the status of marriage, dowry, inheritance, custody, and guardianship of children will remarkably contribute to the process of recognition of people with difficulties in sexual identity among men and women. Also when considering the genetic and biological factors that contribute to Gender Dysphoria, the promotion of the culture of dealing with the phenomenon of sex transfer applicants through raising awareness in the media is felt. *Corresponding Author: Mostafa Vahedi; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-5323 Please cite this article as: Vahedi M. Alimardani A. Behrouzih MR. Rayejian Asli M. Gender Dysphoria in Iran: legal and Islamic Jurisprudence Perspectives. Bioeth Health Law J.  2021; 1:1-10 (e4). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.3812