Religious tourism in Egypt: a case study analysis

Egyptian tourism has seen cases of rise and fall. The difference in the numbers of tourists from both inside and outside Egypt leads to the difference in the revenues generated by tourism and consequently affects the rate of growth in Egypt. This study aims at shedding light on the elements of religious tourism and identifying the possibility for Egypt to occupy a leading position among the religion tourism. This study compares Egyptian tourism revenues with the revenues achieved by some top-ranking countries. The steps Egypt has to follow, in order to achieve the desired progress and a reasonable ranking, are also discussed. In addition, some interviews and visits to some tourist companies were conducted in order to identify the religious tourism programs they offer and clarify their role in the development of the tourism industry in Egypt. This study aims also at finding out the role of the Egyptian government, the Ministry of Interiors and ordinary citizens in the development and progress of religious tourism in Egypt. It also clarifies the difference in the views of religious political parties in Egypt on religious tourism

THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Purpose: The main objective of the research is to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the Egyptian tourism sector locally and globally, through the strategic role of human resources planning by maximizing value added, developing innovation and knowledge and increasing the quality of service provided. Practical implications: The state seeks to adopt the human resources planning of Egyptian tourism companies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the light of the sustainable development strategy. Originality/ value: The approach should be to adopt human resources planning in companies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. This research paper covers the framework of achieving the competitive advantage of tourism companies. Findings: The dimensions of human resources planning have a strategic role in increasing the rates of innovation, development and value added for tourism companies that achieve sustainable competitive advantage

Time as a Barrier to International Trade and Economic Growth: The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Reducing Time Cost

ABSTRACTThe study examines the relationship between reducing time and international trade. Primarily, through the role of information and communication technology, within the trade facilities, in reducing the time required for import and export, and discussing its impact on economic growth. The Two-Stages Least Squares method was used to estimate the econometric model for 16 Arab countries during the period (2005-2011). The study concluded that the information and communication technology leads to time and cost reduction, thereby increasing the value of merchandise exports and imports. In addition, there is a positive relationship between the decline in time and economic growth

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON ACHIEVING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE EGYPTIAN CHEMICAL COMPANIES

Purpose: The main objective of the research is achieving human development in Egyptian chemical companies, increasing the rate of productivity and technological development through the strategic impact of technological entrepreneurship and building authority in the business world at local, regional and global level. Practical implications: The state seeks to adopt the technological entrepreneurship of Egyptian chemical companies in order to achieve human development in the light of the Strategy of Sustainable Development. Originality/value: The approach of technological entrepreneurship should be adopted in companies with the aim of developing sustainable human resources. The research paper covers the human development framework of chemical companies. Findings: The dimensions of technological entrepreneurship have a strategic role in building technological production plans and programmes for the chemical companies that achieve the highest performance rate of human developmen

Substituted Quinolinones. Part 16. Preparation and reactions of 3-(4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoic acid

Preparation of quinolinyl-3-oxopropanoic acid was accomplished by hydrolysis of pyranoquinolinedione, in aqueous alkaline medium. The chemical behavior of this β-keto acid towards nitrosation, coupling with a diazonium salt, esterification, condensation with 2,2-diethoxyethanamine, hydrazinolysis, Knoevenagel condensation with isatine, salicylaldehyde, 3-formylquinolones, and 3-formylchromone, was investigated. Also many of the products of these reactions were obtained using either pyranoquinolinedione 1 or β-keto acid 2, under the same conditions

Bioactive Compounds of Fresh and Dried Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom

Chemical composition of the fresh and dried mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and their bioactive secondary metabolic products were studied. The ethanolic extracts of the P. ostreatuscultivated on rice straw supplemented by wheat bran were studied by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. A total of hundred and seven metabolites were detected in tested samples. These include 56 metabolites only detected in fresh sample, 37 metabolites only detected in dry sample, and 14 metabolites were detected in the both samples. The detected metabolites could be classified into nine chemical groups including 2 metabolites related to acids, 5 alcohols, 27 alkane, 3 amides, 27 esters, 8 fatty acids, 4 terpenoids, 29 heterocyclic and 2 phenols. The bioactivity of the metabolic products could be classified: anticholesterol, anticancer and essential fatty acids which support human health. On comparison between fresh and dried P. ostreatussamples, we found that the high number of metabolites was recorded in the fresh extract. Fifty five aroma compounds were recorded and including (27 esters, 9 ketones, 7 thiols, 5 alcholos, 4 terpenoids, 2 phenols and 1 aldehyde). The selenium content in P. ostreatus samples was measured by using ACAL–APR -51-00 test methods and showed that the fresh sample has 58.24 mg/kg but the dry sample has 100.31 mg/kg

CORE PERSPECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN NPOS: IN SEARCH OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND LEGITIMACY

Purpose: The Main Purpose of this research is to set the scene for Non-Profit Organizations’ performance by synthesizing the vast array of literature on performance measurement frameworks to examine what constitutes performance measurement, and why it is a fundemental issue for the NPO sector. The research also analyses the main issues of performance measurement in NPOs. Methodology: This research takes the form of a literature review. The author draws on extensive research on measuring the performance in NPOs from a diverse range of disciplines to explore definitions, challenges and solutions with performance measurement in NPOs. Value: The categorizations of approaches to measure the performance in NPOs should guide researchers and practitioners. Findings: Non-Profit Organizations need new indicators to assess their economic, social and financial performance, in order to increase the accounting disclosure for social and economic value added resulting from its activities

CORE PERSPECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN NPOS: IN SEARCH OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND LEGITIMACY

Purpose: The Main Purpose of this research is to set the scene for Non-Profit Organizations’ performance by synthesizing the vast array of literature on performance measurement frameworks to examine what constitutes performance measurement, and why it is a fundemental issue for the NPO sector. The research also analyses the main issues of performance measurement in NPOs. Methodology: This research takes the form of a literature review. The author draws on extensive research on measuring the performance in NPOs from a diverse range of disciplines to explore definitions, challenges and solutions with performance measurement in NPOs. Value: The categorizations of approaches to measure the performance in NPOs should guide researchers and practitioners. Findings: Non-Profit Organizations need new indicators to assess their economic, social and financial performance, in order to increase the accounting disclosure for social and economic value added resulting from its activities

Bipolar versus fixed-head hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients

Between 2002 and 2007, fifty elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were treated with hip replacement at Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University. Patients were randomly selected, 25 patients had either cemented or cementless bipolar prosthesis, and another 25 patients had either cemented or cementless fixed-head prosthesis. There were 34 women and 16 men with an average age of 63.5 years (range between 55 and 72 years). All patients were followed up both clinically and radiologically for an average 4.4 years (range between 2 and 6 years). At the final follow-up, the average Harris hip score among the bipolar group was 92 points (range between 72 and 97 points), while the fixed-head group was 84 points (range between 65 and 95 points). Radiologically, joint space narrowing more than 2 mm was found in only 8% (2 patients) among the bipolar group, and in 28% (7 patients) of the fixed-head group. Through the follow-up period, total hip replacement was needed in two cases of the bipolar group and seven cases of the fixed-head group. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty offered a better range of movement with less pain and more stability than the fixed-head hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures

Assessment of lime treatment of expansive clays with different mineralogy at low and high temperatures

YesThis paper examines the impacts of clay mineralogy on the effectiveness of lime stabilisation at different temperatures. A comprehensive experimental programme was conducted to track down the evolution of lime-clay reactions and their durations through monitoring the evolution of strength gain at predetermined times using the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test. The study examined clays with different mineralogy compositions comprising Na+ Bentonite and Ball (Kaolinite) clay. Four different clays were tested including 100% bentonite, 100% Ball clay and two clay mixtures with ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 by mass of bentonite to Ball clay. All clays were treated using a range of lime content up to 25% and cured for a period of time up to 672 h at two different temperatures of 20 and 40 °C. The results showed that the continuity of the fast phase (stage 1) of strength gain was dependent on the availability of lime in particular at the higher temperature. Whereas, for the same lime content, the duration of the fast phase and the kinetic of strength gain were significantly related to the clay mineralogy and curing temperature. Except for the initial strength gain at 0 h curing time, the lime-treated Ball clay specimens at 20 °C appeared to show no strength gain throughout the curing period that extended up to 672 h. However, when curing occurred at 40 °C, the no strength gain stage only lasted for 72 h after which a gradual increase in the strength was observed over the remaining curing period of time. The addition of Bentonite to Ball clay succeeded in kicking off the strength gain after a short period of curing time at both curing temperatures