787 research outputs found
Stress among Isfahan medical sciences students
Background: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of psychological stress among Isfahan medical sciences students. Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among the 387 medical sciences students (medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry) of Isfahan, Iran through census. In academic year 2010-2011, Kessler-10 questionnaire was given to the students a month before semester examinations. Scores Ć¢ļæ½Ā„20 were considered as indicative of positive stress symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of stress among medical sciences students was found to be about 76.1%. The prevalence of stress among medicine students was 22.7% mild, 23% moderate and 21.4% severe while 32.8% showed no stress. The prevalence of stress among pharmacy students was 22.22%, 22.22%, 26.19%, and 29.36% mild, moderate, and severe and no stress, respectively. The prevalence of stress among dentistry students was 25% mild, 27% moderate, and 10% severe while 37.5% showed no stress. The prevalence of stress was higher (70.6%) in pharmacy students when compared with medicine (66.1%) and dentistry (62.5%) students. The odds of student having stress is higher in dentistry students (OR: 1.44, P= 0.33), where as the odds are decreasing in pharmacy student (OR: 1.16, P= 0.66). There is no statistically significant association between gender, ages, and term and having stress symptoms. Conclusions: The high level of stress necessitates interventions like social and psychological support to improve the student's well-being. A prospective study is needed to study the association of psychological morbidity with sources of stress and coping strategies
Medication prescribing errors in a pediatric inpatient tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medication errors (MEs) are among the most common types of medical errors and one of the most common and preventable causes of iatrogenic injuries. The aims of the present study were; (i) to determine the incidence and types of medication prescribing errors (MPEs), and (ii) to identify some potential risk factors in a pediatric inpatient tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>A five-week retrospective cohort study identified medication errors in the general pediatric ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) through the physical inspection of physician medication orders and reviews of patients' files. Out of the 2,380 orders examined, the overall error rate was 56 per 100 medication orders (95% CI: 54.2%, 57.8%). Dose errors were the most prevalent (22.1%). These were followed by route errors (12.0%), errors in clarity (11.4%) and frequency errors (5.4%). Other types of errors were incompatibility (1.9%), incorrect drug selection (1.7%) and duplicate therapy (1%). The majority of orders (81.8%) had one or more abbreviations. Error rates were highest in prescriptions for electrolytes (17.17%), antibiotics (13.72%) and bronchodilators (12.97%). Medication prescription errors occurred more frequently in males (64.5%), infants (44.5%) and for medications with an intravenous route of administration (50.2%). Approximately one third of the errors occurred in the PICU (33.9%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The incidence of MPEs was significantly high. Large-scale prospective studies are recommended to determine the extent and outcome of medication errors in pediatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia.</p
Confident Adaptive Language Modeling
Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to
significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a
drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly
use at inference time. In practice, however, the series of generations made by
LLMs is composed of varying levels of difficulty. While certain predictions
truly benefit from the models' full capacity, other continuations are more
trivial and can be solved with reduced compute. In this work, we introduce
Confident Adaptive Language Modeling (CALM), a framework for dynamically
allocating different amounts of compute per input and generation timestep.
Early exit decoding involves several challenges that we address here, such as:
(1) what confidence measure to use; (2) connecting sequence-level constraints
to local per-token exit decisions; and (3) attending back to missing hidden
representations due to early exits in previous tokens. Through theoretical
analysis and empirical experiments on three diverse text generation tasks, we
demonstrate the efficacy of our framework in reducing compute -- potential
speedup of up to -- while provably maintaining high performance
DSI++: Updating Transformer Memory with New Documents
Differentiable Search Indices (DSIs) encode a corpus of documents in model
parameters and use the same model to answer user queries directly. Despite the
strong performance of DSI models, deploying them in situations where the corpus
changes over time is computationally expensive because reindexing the corpus
requires re-training the model. In this work, we introduce DSI++, a continual
learning challenge for DSI to incrementally index new documents while being
able to answer queries related to both previously and newly indexed documents.
Across different model scales and document identifier representations, we show
that continual indexing of new documents leads to considerable forgetting of
previously indexed documents. We also hypothesize and verify that the model
experiences forgetting events during training, leading to unstable learning. To
mitigate these issues, we investigate two approaches. The first focuses on
modifying the training dynamics. Flatter minima implicitly alleviate
forgetting, so we optimize for flatter loss basins and show that the model
stably memorizes more documents (). Next, we introduce a generative
memory to sample pseudo-queries for documents and supplement them during
continual indexing to prevent forgetting for the retrieval task. Extensive
experiments on novel continual indexing benchmarks based on Natural Questions
(NQ) and MS MARCO demonstrate that our proposed solution mitigates forgetting
significantly. Concretely, it improves the average Hits@10 by over
competitive baselines for NQ and requires times fewer model updates
compared to re-training the DSI model for incrementally indexing five corpora
in a sequence.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP 2023 main conferenc
From fidelity to entanglement of entropy of the one-dimensional transverse-field quantum compass model
We study fidelity and fidelity susceptibility by addition of entanglement of
entropy in the one-dimensional quantum compass model in a transverse magnetic
field numerically. The whole four recognized gapped regions in the ground state
phase diagram are in the range of our investigation. Power-law divergence at
criticality accompanied by finite size scaling indicates the field induced
quantum phase transitions are of second order as well as from the scaling
behavior of the extremum of fidelity susceptibility is shown the quantum
critical exponents are different in the various regions of phase diagram. We
further calculate a recently proposed quantum information theoretic measure,
von-Neumann entropy, and show that this measure provide appropriate signatures
of the quantum phase transitions (QPT)s occurring at the critical fields.
Von-Neumann entropy indicates a measure of entanglement between some-particle
block and the rest of the system. We show the value of entanglement between a
two-particle block with the rest of the system is more dependent on the power
of exchange couplings connecting the block with the rest of the system than the
power of exchange coupling between two particles in the block
Small size boundary effects on two-pion interferometry
The Bose-Einstein correlations of two identically charged pions are derived
when these particles, the most abundantly produced in relativistic heavy ion
collisions, are confined in finite volumes. Boundary effects on single pion
spectrum are also studied. Numerical results emphasize that conventional
formulation usually adopted to describe two-pion interferometry should not be
used when the source size is small, since this is the most sensitive case to
boundary effects. Specific examples are considered for better illustration.Comment: more discussion on Figure4 and diffuse boundar
Structural build-up of cementitious paste under external magnetic fields
Engineering application processes of fresh concrete include transporting,
pumping, formwork casting, etc. Each process is a significant factor
influencing properties of fresh and hardened concrete. However, many contradicting
requirements of fresh concrete performances (such as structuration rate)
exist in these operation processes. Therefore, advanced techniques need to be
proposed to satisfy future challenges. Actively controlling the stiffness by
applying external magnetic fields would be a potential solution for the contradicting
requirements, and could make the pumping and casting processes smarter
and more reliable. In the present paper, the effects of magnetic field strength and
magnetizing time on structural build-up of cementitious paste are discussed. The
results show that higher magnetic field strengths result in higher percolation time
and lower phase angle at equilibrium state. However, the application of external
magnetic fields with low flux density has little effects on the viscoelastic behaviour
of cementitious paste. Under high magnetic field strengths, the viscousliquid
behaviour dominates the elastic-solid behaviour at early stage, while the
solid-like behaviour becomes more dominant with magnetizing time
An Adaptive Multi-Level Quantization-Based Reinforcement Learning Model for Enhancing UAV Landing on Moving Targets
The autonomous landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a moving platform is an essential functionality in various UAV-based applications. It can be added to a teleoperation UAV system or part of an autonomous UAV control system. Various robust and predictive control systems based on the traditional control theory are used for operating a UAV. Recently, some attempts were made to land a UAV on a moving target using reinforcement learning (RL). Vision is used as a typical way of sensing and detecting the moving target. Mainly, the related works have deployed a deep-neural network (DNN) for RL, which takes the image as input and provides the optimal navigation action as output. However, the delay of the multi-layer topology of the deep neural network affects the real-time aspect of such control. This paper proposes an adaptive multi-level quantization-based reinforcement learning (AMLQ) model. The AMLQ model quantizes the continuous actions and states to directly incorporate simple Q-learning to resolve the delay issue. This solution makes the training faster and enables simple knowledge representation without needing the DNN. For evaluation, the AMLQ model was compared with state-of-art approaches and was found to be superior in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), which was 8.7052 compared with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, which achieved an RMSE of 10.0592
Anomalous lattice dynamics and thermal properties of supported size- and shape-selected Pt nanoparticles
Anomalous lattice dynamics and thermal behavior have been observed for ligand-free, size-, and shape-selected Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nanocrystalline gamma-Al(2)O(3) via extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Several major differences were observed for the NPs with respect to bulk Pt: (i) a contraction in the interatomic distances, (ii) a reduction in the dynamic (temperature-dependent) bond-length disorder and associated increase in the Debye temperature (theta(D)), and (iii) an overall decrease in the bond-length expansion coefficient coupled with NP stiffening. The increase in the Debye temperature is explained in terms of the NP size, shape, support interactions, and adsorbate effects. For a similar average size, we observe a striking correlation between the shapes of the NPs and their theta(D) values
Exploring the molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease : Autophagy, insulin and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
The authors thank you for acknowledging technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and the University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. The authors gratefully acknowledge all mothersā volunteers in the community around the Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, for their cooperationPeer reviewe
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