Battery Simulation Tool for Worst Case Analysis and Mission Evaluations

Saft recently designed, developed and qualified in the frame of Research and Development contract (GSTP-5) with the European Space Agency (ESA) three new VES16 batteries: 8S4P (4 parallel strings of 8 cells in series), 10S5P, 10S16P [ 1 ]. In order to guarantee the cells balancing (to avoid cell overcharge or over discharge during battery charge/discharge cycles), Saft introduced in parallel of each cell a simple electronic circuit called the Simplified Balancing System (SBS), which absorbs some current when a cell is close to its end of charge voltage. The complete batteries (cells and SBS) were analysed with a proper Worst Case Analysis (WCA) to demonstrate the battery performance at the EOL of the targeted missions, including all possible effects that can influence its behaviour (cells and SBS components initial tolerances, radiation degradations, ageing and temperature effects). Saft performed this analysis in PSpice and developed VES16 cell model and SBS models to run Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA). The first part of this paper presents the PSpice models including their respective variable parameters at SBS and cell level. Then the second part of the paper introduces to the reader the model parameters that were chosen and identified to perform Monte Carlo Analysis simulations. The third part reflects some MCA results for a VES16 battery module. Finally the reader will see some other simulations that were performed by re-using the battery model for an another Saft battery cell type (MP XTD) for a specific space application, at high temperature

Battery Simulation Tool for Worst Case Analysis and Mission Evaluations

Saft recently designed, developed and qualified in the frame of Research and Development contract (GSTP-5) with the European Space Agency (ESA) three new VES16 batteries: 8S4P (4 parallel strings of 8 cells in series), 10S5P, 10S16P [ 1 ]. In order to guarantee the cells balancing (to avoid cell overcharge or over discharge during battery charge/discharge cycles), Saft introduced in parallel of each cell a simple electronic circuit called the Simplified Balancing System (SBS), which absorbs some current when a cell is close to its end of charge voltage. The complete batteries (cells and SBS) were analysed with a proper Worst Case Analysis (WCA) to demonstrate the battery performance at the EOL of the targeted missions, including all possible effects that can influence its behaviour (cells and SBS components initial tolerances, radiation degradations, ageing and temperature effects). Saft performed this analysis in PSpice and developed VES16 cell model and SBS models to run Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA). The first part of this paper presents the PSpice models including their respective variable parameters at SBS and cell level. Then the second part of the paper introduces to the reader the model parameters that were chosen and identified to perform Monte Carlo Analysis simulations. The third part reflects some MCA results for a VES16 battery module. Finally the reader will see some other simulations that were performed by re-using the battery model for an another Saft battery cell type (MP XTD) for a specific space application, at high temperature

Battery Simulation Tool for Worst Case Analysis and Mission Evaluations

Saft recently designed, developed and qualified in the frame of Research and Development contract (GSTP-5) with the European Space Agency (ESA) three new VES16 batteries: 8S4P (4 parallel strings of 8 cells in series), 10S5P, 10S16P [ 1 ]. In order to guarantee the cells balancing (to avoid cell overcharge or over discharge during battery charge/discharge cycles), Saft introduced in parallel of each cell a simple electronic circuit called the Simplified Balancing System (SBS), which absorbs some current when a cell is close to its end of charge voltage. The complete batteries (cells and SBS) were analysed with a proper Worst Case Analysis (WCA) to demonstrate the battery performance at the EOL of the targeted missions, including all possible effects that can influence its behaviour (cells and SBS components initial tolerances, radiation degradations, ageing and temperature effects). Saft performed this analysis in PSpice and developed VES16 cell model and SBS models to run Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA). The first part of this paper presents the PSpice models including their respective variable parameters at SBS and cell level. Then the second part of the paper introduces to the reader the model parameters that were chosen and identified to perform Monte Carlo Analysis simulations. The third part reflects some MCA results for a VES16 battery module. Finally the reader will see some other simulations that were performed by re-using the battery model for an another Saft battery cell type (MP XTD) for a specific space application, at high temperature

Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of newly designed benzyl-hydroquinone derivatives

International audienc

Hydrological post event survey after the autumn 2014 floods in the Cévennes region in France: results and first hydrological analyses

International audienceDuring the autumn 2014, an exceptional succession of intense rain events and associated flash floods have hit a large territory extending from the Hérault to the Gard and Ardèche regions in south east of France. These events caused 17 casualties and estimated damages ranging from 550 to 600 billion euros (FFSA). On several upstream watersheds, the reported floods seem to be the largest observed from human memory, and may therefore become reference events for flood risk prevention. A post event survey was organised within the Hymex framework in order to document the first 3 events which occurred successively from the 15th of September to the 15th of October. A total of 64 peak discharge values were estimated, enabling a detailed description of observed hydrological reactions. The analysis of this dataset confirms the very significant peak discharge levels, which remain however significantly below the envelope curves and the discharge values observed during some other historical events in this region (for instance the 2002 flood). A detailed hydrological analysis of this dataset based on rainfall runoff simulations is now in progress. It is worth noting that some of the affected areas were already hit by the 2002 and 2008 events, for which post event surveys were already conducted: therefore, a comparison of the hydrological reactions for these three events will be possible. The proposed communication will include the presentation of the characteristics and consequences of the main flood events, the dataset obtained from the post event survey, and the first lessons derived from the hydrological analysis

Conceptual Art : A Critical Anthology

The selections in this anthology of critical writings on conceptual art are arranged chronologically according to their year of publication, from 1966 to 1977. These are followed by two sections that look retrospectively at the movement: one entitled “Memoirs of Conceptual Art” features artists’ reflections, and the other offers “Critical Histories of Conceptual Art.” The editors’ introductions contextualise the writings, many of which have been translated into English for the first time or have otherwise had limited availability. Circa 200 bibl. ref