Reseña al libro de Sara de Giles Dubois y José Morales Sánchez (dirs.): Más habitar, más humanizar / More living, more human, catálogo de la XIV Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo

Reseña de: Sara de Giles Dubois y José Morales Sánchez (dirs.) Más habitar, más humanizar / More living, more human, catálogo de la XIV Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Madrid/Barcelona: Ministerio de Fomento / Fundación Arquia, 2018, 469 páginas. Idioma: español e inglés

Ancient Cartographies as a Basis for Geolocation Models in Public Space: The Case of Giambattista Nolli and its Heritage Application

In 1748, the architect and surveyor Giambattista Nolli mapped an abstract reality of the city of Rome. As a challenge to the inherited projections, it represented the city mixing streets, halls, corridors, churches, baths and markets as part of a unique public space network. A new way to design public space and rethink the whole urban system was opened by the possibility of containing in these representations a single layer with all kinds of public space (including the interior of public buildings). Despite this, Nolli's plan remained as a useless instrument since the hegemony of automobile mobility appeared as a pre-eminent system. This research tries to understand how the application of the ancient cartographies' methodology can improve the pedestrian mobility of historic cities by means of enhancing the graphic value of the system of Giambattista Nolli. Nowadays, free public space is represented as empty and built ones, as solid. This proposal would revert this reified conception of the city, understanding this baroque representation as an instrument of identification and assessment of the transitional heritage. The clues unveiled by Nolli seem to be able to integrate the plans of public buildings within the urban tissue, which would result in a step towards the full integration of cartography and mobility. The success of the comprehensive tools offered by large servers such as Alphabet inc. (Google) or Bing Maps confirm the suitability of the combination of new technologies and Big Data with urban planning, reaching the synchronisation of Smart Cities. Nowadays, open public space can be 'walked in' from any electronic device, consequently, the application of the "Nolli methodology" would implement the model of urban geolocation with the assimilation of inner public spaces. In the creation of a great global map of the public space, a chimaera could be intuited. This would be discussed within a tangible reality: every open public space is already housed in the Big Data and it is accessible through geolocation tools. The inclusion of the of the public buildings' interiors would contribute to develop a greater permeability between city and citizens. Furthermore, this representation would optimize pedestrian travel times and would be able to expand the geolocation system network as a documentary repository

A museological approach of an urban project: Parisian cultural institutions as urban actors

Considering the most recent contemporary historical, geographical and social displacements of the places of power have been taken into consideration through the role of the culture and arts on them. The aim of this research is to examine, from the perspective of the urban historiography of Paris, an analyse of the trajectory and transformation of the city by the means of its museums' institutions. Paris has suffered from important processes of acceleration and changes to become the contemporary capital that it is nowadays. The city counts with the precedent of its great Haussmannian transformation into a modern city and the historical three concentric growth of its city walls perimeter and the later succession of up to six international exhibitions (between 1855 and 1937). However, after the impasse produced by the two war periods, a new urban and political project - still present in our days - was built up based on the cultural institutions. Great new cultural infrastructures were designed for expecting areas and terrain vagues, most of them with a proved level of change, at the Seine riverbanks. They follow the Louvre museum historic model of implantation. Meanwhile, the historical inner Marais district experimented a deep restoration and a reuse process, with cultural institutions as the main actors. Even more, Beaubourg void was pointed as an opportunity for a decisive change for the whole city. Cultural insertions of the opportunity spaces beside the river have definitely established Paris as a top rank cultural destination. Heading the cultural tourism rates at a global level, its historical heart - The City Island, nowadays being under research conducted by the French architect Dominique Perrault, with the horizon of a 25-years renovation project, the Right Bank (with the French Cinematheque, the Arsenal Pavilion, Louvre Museum, Decorative Arts Museum, The Orangerie, The Grand Palais, The Palais of Tokyo and the Palais of Chaillot) and the Left Bank (counting with the French National Library, The Arab World Institute, the Orsay Museum, the Invalids Hospital, Quay Branly Museum and the Eiffel Tower), sum up to the most relevant museums' institutions and exhibition spaces of the city. Thus, the research will deepen in the urban strategy for the choice of the museums and cultural institutions as the decisive architectural actors for the renewal of the Parisian urban landscape. The role of their architectures, intimately associated with their performing use, will be critically examined

Heritage values and rehabilitation: architectural intervention in the Archaeological Museum of Seville (Spain)

The present investigation examines the role of museum buildings in their consideration as heritage institutions. A particular interest in rehabilitation processes and conversion of international exhibition pavilions into museums will be assessed. The Archaeological Museum of Seville will be taken as a case study. The Ibero-American Exhibition of Seville (1929) was a paramount event in the city, with a vast development of the southern area of the city as well as a display of flourishing regionalist architecture. Its powerful image has transcended from this temporary event, embracing relevant institutions over decades, such as the Archeological Museum. Plus, historical preservation has enhanced its heritage value. Within the grounds of the historic María Luisa Park, the museum has undergone a remarkable evolution as an institution that requires a new relationship with its building, together with an adequation to new museological perspectives. During the lifetime of the museum, the former exhibition pavilion has experienced a succession of rehabilitation processes in the 20th century, always searching for a continuity with the concept of the original building. However, the evolution of the institution faces new challenges for the 21st century: display of the collection, technological issues, public and community services, network affiliation, etc. A series of cultural heritage protection measures that affect the property and its collections, its immediate environment, and the urban environment in which it is located, condition the building and its urban context. Nowadays, a new architectural intervention is in process, with the main goal of putting together all these requirements. The project also deals with the production of a new architecture of representation, respecting and rehabilitating the original regionalist building but also creating a contemporary image for the institution. The relevance of the museum, together with its urban role, make the Archeological Museum of Seville an important agent of cultural requalification. In conclusion, this paper will show how urban culture has been renewed, experiencing a decisive transformation of public spaces and cultural facilities, for leisure, education, or tourism. A new reconsideration of the Cultural Property in question is an experience that can be extrapolated to other museum experiences that emerged in the 20th century and that are currently undergoing a comprehensive reexamination

The Urban Resilience of Monastic Architecture and the Heritage Management: The Case of Seville’s Saint Augustin Convent

AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 2574, Issue 1The aim of this communication is to develop how to preserve the permanencies and losses of old convents and monasteries after urban transformations, as well as to review the instruments of heritage protection that have failed. It is a common process that has been experimented in many European cities and whose protagonist are the cloistered convents. Pieces that have served to make city and help to build its periphery. But, with the passage of time they were submerged in abandonment, fragmentation, forgetfulness and even loss their memory. This situation remains until a fresh impulse transforms it into a new object of patrimonial value, resource for tourist use, and rejoints the city. The methodology followed is based on the simultaneous use of different 2D and 3D assisted drawing tools, always supported by historical cartography and written documentary sources. In Spain, the city of Seville stands out as one of the settings for the development of religious orders, more than one hundred. As a result of historical events and developments, many of Seville's convents and monasteries have disappeared completely. The number of monasteries that have remained intact, preserving their use value as a religious institution are very small, only 15. However, it is common to find remnants in the present-day city where their remains are still visible. Saint Augustin monastery was founded in the 13th century outside the city walls, 15,016 m2 next to the Carmona Gate. Its location was bounded by the city and the city walls to the west, the aqueduct to the south and the Tagarete River to the east. Both the aqueduct and the river allowed for the location of the building as well as the extensive development of its orchards. The importance of water in the conventual space is due to the need for irrigation and cultivation of the green area. In 1835, the convent was disentailed, and the building was divided up. New dwellings were also built on the site of the former convent, which was in a privileged location. New streets appeared, the site was completely divided and cloisters, parts of the old convent and its church disappeared. The remains of the building have not been adequately protected for decades. The convent of Saint Augustin is an outstanding example of urban resilience, how a building of great importance and size has managed to survive. Some valuable spaces of the original building are still preserved, such as the refectory, the staircase, and the main cloister. The understanding and protection of Seville's convent heritage requires specific planning tools to address the urban condition of the convents. In addition, their determining role in the morphological construction of the city and the configuration of the historic urban landscape will be stablished. Unpublished material of the urban and architectural research process will be provided under a methodological approach of renewed heritage management, clearly useful for European historic cities

Deeping in the genetics of medium-sized cities. Heritage as an identity feature in Andalusia

Interest in urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas, large cities and in general the spaces where the majority of the world's population is concentrated, has occupied the interest of an urban research for decades. According to the United Nations sources, today, the world population is 7.6 billion, is going to reach 8.6 billion in 2030 and 9.8 billion people in 2050. In Spain, according to sources from the National Institute of Statistics, the population reaches 46.57 million inhabitants, although its distribution is not uniform in the territory. Andalusia, with 8.37 million, is the first most populated Spanish autonomous community, followed by Catalonia (7.55) and the Community of Madrid (6.50) with almost one million fewer inhabitants, respectively. Following the same indicators, most of this population already lives in large cities and in the upcoming years, this figure will increase exponentially. This means that a large part of people will be concentrated in a small part of the territory and, on the other hand, which we begin to have large areas of the territory without inhabiting or with a very low population density. Examining aspects traditionally considered as secondary, involving a minority of the population, has been one of the disciplinary general constants in the last century and that not only affects architects or urban planners. To say medium-sized cities in Europe is to think about urban-territorial heritage, historic landscapes that continue shaping wide territories. In Andalusia (87600 km2), the effects of metropolization are still punctual (3.72 % on 778 municipalities). Totalling 778 municipalities, up to 122 of them are listed for their Historical Centres. We find that only 3.72 % of these municipalities exceeds a population of 50 000 inhabitants. The Heritage constitutes its 'genetic heritage'. Both considering international and national scales, its historic relevance is noted in Civitates Orbis Terrarum (with 25 Andalusian cities from 34 Spanish). Nowadays, its heritage value is represented by the Historic Centres (the first two listed cities in Spain, 1929, were Andalusian), and World Heritage inscriptions. This outlines the necessity of decoding the Heritage DNA, as an indissoluble variable prior to planning. The aim of this research is to characterize the European medium-sized cities and their territory in the heritage terms, defining what is the Andalusian territory. Different cultural and productive landscapes are the main actors of the medium-sized Andalusian cities: the landscape of fishing, the art of the almadraba, the wine cellars, the olive trees plantations, the urban networks of convents are only a sample. The dynamics experimented at this regional level could be extended to the rest of the European countries analysed in the project. This research will gather partial results of an R&D project "Patrimonial Urban Characterization and Cultural Tourism Model in the Middle Cities. Potentialities and Challenges for its Internationalization: Inner Baetica", funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain

La Zona Patrimonial de la Cuenca Minera de Riotinto-Nerva. Trayectoria y retos patrimoniales de futuro

[EN] This study aims to analyse the trajectory of the Heritage Zone, as a recently created and reduced application figure through the case of the Riotinto-Nerva Mining Basin. The unique landscape and legal characteristics of this Asset of Cultural Interest make this study an opportunity to advance in future statements. The evolution of the legislative panorama of heritage, including this novel preservation figure, raises the need to evaluate its result in terms of heritage management. In the concurrence of a series of heritage agents and with the coexistence of different regulations and previous inscriptions, it is considered necessary to analyse the plurality of actions proposed by the administration, including fundamental aspects such as management, the evolution in the perception of the different heritage elements, their social appreciation or the dissemination strategies applied since their registration. The Riotinto-Nerva Mining Basin is one of the oldest and most representative mining sites in the world. It is also proposed that the guidelines necessary for its inscription on the World Heritage List be further developed, justifying its exceptional character by its colouring, toponymic differentiation and identity landmark for the local community. The definition of its potential Outstanding Universal Values (OUV), their attributes and possible limits will be investigated.[ES] Este estudio pretende analizar la trayectoria de la Zona Patrimonial, como figura de reciente creación y reducida aplicación a través del caso de la Cuenca Minera de Riotinto-Nerva. La singularidad tanto paisajística como jurídica de este Bien de Interés Cultural hacen de su estudio una oportunidad para avanzar en futuras declaraciones. La evolución del panorama legislativo patrimonial, incluyendo esta novedosa figura de protección plantea la necesidad de evaluar su resultado en términos de gestión patrimonial. En la concurrencia de una serie de agentes patrimoniales y con la convivencia de diferentes normativas y declaraciones previas, se estima necesario analizar la pluralidad de acciones que plantea la administración, incluyendo aspectos fundamentales como la gestión, la evolución en la percepción de los diferentes elementos patrimoniales, su valorización social o las estrategias de difusión aplicadas desde su inscripción. La Cuenca Minera de Riotinto-Nerva constituye uno de los enclaves mineros más antiguos y representativos a nivel mundial. Complementariamente se propone ahondar en las directrices necesarias para su inscripción en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial, justificándose también su carácter excepcional desde su particularidad cromática, hecho diferencial toponímico e hito identitario para la comunidad local. Se indagará en la definición de sus Valores Universales Excepcionales (VUE) potenciales, sus atributos y posibles límites.Mosquera Pérez, C.; Navarro De Pablos, J.; Navas Carrillo, D.; Mosquera Adell, E. (2021). La Zona Patrimonial de la Cuenca Minera de Riotinto-Nerva. Trayectoria y retos patrimoniales de futuro. En I Simposio anual de Patrimonio Natural y Cultural ICOMOS España. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 493-503. https://doi.org/10.4995/icomos2019.2019.11767OCS49350

Conventual heritage loss and generation of public spaces: symbolic transfersand urban permanences

Questa ricerca tenta di analizzare gli eventi che hanno portato alla demolizione del convento di San Francisco de Sevilla, Spagna – chiamato Casa Grande – per realizzare, a metà del XIX secolo, una piazza razionale neoclassica. La simbologia e l’importanza del complesso conventuale nel contesto locale, hanno fatto sì che venisse scelto dalle truppe francesi per convertirlo in una caserma militare. Quando il governo ordinò il saccheggio delle proprietà della chiesa, il convento fu demolito con l’intento di creare uno spazio ricreativo per la borghesia. L’assenza della totalità delle planimetrie dell’ex convento ci permette solamente di ipotizzare la struttura originale; in aiuto ci viene la teoria delle permanenze urbane e la conoscenza che il progetto finale dell’architetto Balbino Marrón utilizza tracce urbane derivate dal convento come strategia progettuale. Nonostante la perdita parziale del patrimonio monastico, il nuovo progetto permette la nascita di un nuovo patrimonio collettivo, in un contesto locale finora privo di spazi urbani pubblici di qualità.The present investigation tries to study the circumstances that lead to the demolition of the extinct convent of San Francisco of Sevilla (known as Casa Grande) for the construction of a neoclassical rational square in the middle of the 19th century. The symbology and importance of the convent complex in the local context causes it to be precisely the one chosen by the French troops for its conversion into a military barracks. When the government orders the plundering of church property, the convent will be demolished in search of the creation of a leisure space for the bourgeoisie. The absence of exhaustive planimetry of the old convent allows to deepen in the field of hypothetical cartographic representation based on the theory of urban permanence, knowing that the final project of the square, work of the architect Balbino Marrón, uses the urban traces generated by the convent as project strategy. In spite of the irreparable loss of the monastic patrimony, a new collective patrimony is inaugurated, in a local context devoid of quality urban public spaces

Virtual visits as an alternative approach to learn urban and architectural heritage preservation during lockdown

Among the challenges faced at the university, during the lockdown from mid-March 2020, it was the need to give continuity to the learning of subjects that involve a direct approach to cultural property. In "Architectural History, Theory and Composition 3 - Rehabilitation", undergraduated students of the University of Seville’s Degree studies of Fundamentals in Architecture and teachers have practiced new ways of distance learning. Traditionally, reading and consulting materials are provided in digital formats (catalogues and urban plans, publications on buildings, urban history, cartography). Complementary, the visits of immersion in the heritage reality are especially productive in academic terms. Buildings, spaces, and urban perceptions are identified, so that students develop ways of seeing and recognize their complexity. The social, cultural, artistic, archaeological, landscape dimension prepares preservation or rehabilitation practices. This includes a visit to a qualified sector of the historic centre of Seville. This experience was initially planned to be onsite but due to the pandemic became virtual. The possibilities offered by the digital resources resulted in deeper approaches to other features of cultural property that were not frequently repaired by Architecture students

Cultural Heritage Preservation Policies and Citizen Participation. Medium-sized cities in Andalusia. The case of Antequera (Malaga-Spain)

This poster has been developed under the R&D project entitled Caracterización Urbano Patrimonial y Modelo Turístico Cultural en Ciudades Medias. Potencialidades y Retos para su Internacionalización: Bética Interior [Urban Heritage Characterization and Cultural Tourism Model in Medium-Sized Cities. Potentialities and Challenges for its Internationalization: Inner Baetica], funded by the competitive call of the State Plan 2013-2016 Excellence - R&D Projects of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain (HAR2016-79788-P)