Measuring the dose�width product and proposing the local diagnostic reference level in panoramic dental radiography: a multi-center study from Iran

Objective: Although radiation exposure associated with dental radiography is relatively low, patient exposure must be kept practically low. Therefore, it is necessary for each country to establish its own diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) suitable for its equipment and practice. In the present study, dose-width product (DWP) values for panoramic dental radiography were measured and a local DRL was established. Methods: Five panoramic devices from five radiology clinics of Kashan, Iran were selected to measure the DWP values of panoramic dental radiography. To investigate the DWP values, the parameters of each patient�s exposure (e.g., tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time) at these five radiology clinics were extracted. Then, the dose value received by each patient was measured based on a CT pencil chamber. Finally, the overall median DWP values for the patients with small, medium, and large sizes were obtained, and these values were considered as the local DRLs for panoramic dental radiography. Results: A total of 99 adult patients were included in the present study. The findings demonstrated that the median and third-quartile DWP values for these five radiology clinics ranged from 42.3 to 94.3 and 49.7 to 142.8 mGy mm, respectively. The local DRL values, which were established as the overall median DWP values, were 43.4, 52.0, and 80.3 mGy mm for the adults with small, medium, and large sizes, respectively. Conclusion: The local DRL proposed in this study for the adult with standard/medium size was lower than those proposed by other reports and seemed acceptable for panoramic radiography in Kashan, Iran. © 2020, Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd

Performance Differences in High Intensity Training Participants

High intensity training has become increasingly popular over the last 20 years with the advent of well-known training regimens such as P90X, CrossFit, Beachbody, PiYo, and Camp Gladiator. As such, it is important to understand the differences among individuals who participate in high intensity training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine differences in Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores, strength, power, and dynamic exercise in a cohort of male and female high intensity trained athletes (HIT). METHODS: A total of thirty participants (males, n=15; and females, n=15) (mean ± SD; age = 30.7 ± 9.9 years) with minimum two-years of HIT experience were recruited to participate in this study. On the first day of data collection each subject provided informed consent and then participated in a height and weight measurement, body composition measurement (7-site skinfold), FMS screening, and 1-Repetition Maximal (1-RM) lifts for deadlift (DL), shoulder press (SP), and power clean (PC). A minimum of 5 days later each subject performed a standardized test of dynamic exercise (DE) that involved performing as many repetitions as possible of 5 pullups, 10 pushups, and 15 unloaded squats in 20 minutes. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare differences between the males and females for FMS scores and ANOVA was used to determine differences between the males and females for all other variables with p £ 0.05 for all analysis. RESULTS: Results of the Mann-Whitney tests comparing FMS scores between males and females indicated that the females had higher straight leg raise (SLR) scores (2.9 vs. 2.1, p= 0.001) and sum of all scores (FMSSUM) (16.9 vs. 15.4, p = 0.045) than the males. Results of the ANOVA indicated that the males demonstrated greater muscular strength per kilogram of body weight on the DL (1.99 vs. 1.65 kg/kgBW, p = 0.007) and the SP (0.833 vs. 0.513 kg/kgBW, p \u3c 0.001) exercises. Results of the ANOVA also indicated that the males demonstrated greater muscular power per kilogram of body weight on the PC (1.146 vs. 0.766, p \u3c 0.001) exercise. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for DE. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the need for a greater emphasis on mobility training, specifically the hips, for males that participate in high intensity training. Performance differences were shown between the genders for maximal muscular strength and power but not for dynamic exercise. These results indicate that these differences should be considered when designing training programs for maximal muscular strength and power training but same sport athletes of different gender could participate in the same dynamic exercise programming

Measuring the dose–width product and proposing the local diagnostic reference level in panoramic dental radiography: a multi-center study from Iran

Objective: Although radiation exposure associated with dental radiography is relatively low, patient exposure must be kept practically low. Therefore, it is necessary for each country to establish its own diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) suitable for its equipment and practice. In the present study, dose-width product (DWP) values for panoramic dental radiography were measured and a local DRL was established. Methods: Five panoramic devices from five radiology clinics of Kashan, Iran were selected to measure the DWP values of panoramic dental radiography. To investigate the DWP values, the parameters of each patient’s exposure (e.g., tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time) at these five radiology clinics were extracted. Then, the dose value received by each patient was measured based on a CT pencil chamber. Finally, the overall median DWP values for the patients with small, medium, and large sizes were obtained, and these values were considered as the local DRLs for panoramic dental radiography. Results: A total of 99 adult patients were included in the present study. The findings demonstrated that the median and third-quartile DWP values for these five radiology clinics ranged from 42.3 to 94.3 and 49.7 to 142.8 mGy mm, respectively. The local DRL values, which were established as the overall median DWP values, were 43.4, 52.0, and 80.3 mGy mm for the adults with small, medium, and large sizes, respectively. Conclusion: The local DRL proposed in this study for the adult with standard/medium size was lower than those proposed by other reports and seemed acceptable for panoramic radiography in Kashan, Iran. © 2020, Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd

A review of incidence and mortality of colorectal, lung, liver, thyroid, and bladder cancers in Iran and compared to other countries

In Iran, a developing country in southwest Asia, an epidemiologic transition is underway from communicable to noncommunicable diseases. In Iran, cancer is the second largest group of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the third most common cause of death following heart disease, accidents and other natural phenomena. There are some studies reporting an increasing trend in the incidence and mortality rate of a variety of cancers in Iran. Therefore, controlling and preventive interventions pertaining to cancers must be a main priority for health policy and it is recommended that the high-risk population receive earlier screening. In this review, incidence and mortality of colorectal, lung, liver, thyroid, and bladder cancers in Iran are reported. © 2019 Termedia Publishing House Ltd. All Rights Reserved

The effect of date palm seed extract as a new potential radioprotector in gamma-irradiated mice

Objective: Date palm seed extract (DPSE) has various compounds revealing antioxidant features. This study aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of DPSE in total body gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods: At first, chemical characteristics of DPSE were analyzed by ultraviolet, visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, the toxicity of DPSE was assessed. For this purpose, 60 mice were divided into five groups, and each of the groups were injected by the doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. At the termination of the experiment, mortality rate and weight loss of all mice were evaluated over a period of 30 days. Finally, the radioprotective effect of DPSE was evaluated by dividing 36 mice into three groups: control, test, and placebo and then were irradiated by Cobalt-60. Results: According to the findings, there was no mortality due to DPSE. Furthermore, for the maximum dose of 500 mg/kg, the number of mice surviving at the termination of the experiment with and without injection of DPSE was reported as 83 and 41, respectively. In addition, a significant difference was obtained between radiated mice with and without DPSE injection (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The findings showed that DPSE injected into mice before irradiation has no toxicity and could protect mice from lethal effects of total body irradiation. The use of DPSE as a new radioprotector agent in the human needs further studies, particularly clinical trials. © 2018 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow

Gadolinium nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents: Their delivery systems in magnetic resonance imaging and neutron capture therapy

Abstract Gadolinium (Gd) chelates have been widely used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to using MRI, they are interesting, as a radiosensitizer, in neutron capture therapy (NCT). However, the poor selective tissue labeling and localization provided by conventional molecular Gd chelates have confined success in both MRI and NCT applications. To encapsulate Gd into nanoparticulate materials can be considered as a method to overcome these limitations. In this regard, developing various carrier systems have increased the sensitivity and improving the targetability of the contrast agents. In this review article, an overview of the delivery systems of Gd nanoparticles in the MRI and NCT would be mentioned. Keywords Gadolinium Nanoparticle MRI NCT Delivery system

A biocompatible theranostic nanoplatform based on magnetic gadolinium-chelated polycyclodextrin: in vitro and in vivo studies

A novel theranostic nanoplatform was prepared based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) coated with gadolinium ions decorated-polycyclodextrin (PCD) layer (Fe3O4@PCD-Gd) and employed for Curcumin (CUR) loading. The dissolution profile of CUR indicated a pH sensitive release manner. Fe3O4@PCD-Gd NPs exhibited no significant toxicity against both normal and cancerous cell lines (MCF 10A and 4T1, respectively); while the CUR-free NPs showed more toxicity against 4T1 than MCF 10A cells. In vivo anticancer study revealed appropriate capability of the system in tumor shrinking with no tissue toxicity and adverse effect on body weight. In vivo MR imaging of BALB/c mouse showed both T1 and T2 contrast enhancement on the tumor cells. Fe3O4@PCD-Gd/CUR NPs showed significant features as a promising multifunctional system having appropriate T1-T2 dual contrast enhancement and therapeutic efficacy in cancer theranostics. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Mono- and bis-pyrazolophthalazines: Design, synthesis, cytotoxic activity, DNA/HSA binding and molecular docking studies

In an attempt to find new potent cytotoxic compounds, several mono- and bis-pyrazolophthalazines 4a-m and 6a-h were synthesized through an efficient, one-pot, three- and pseudo five-component synthetic approach. All derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines of A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and HT29. Compound 4e showed low toxicity against normal cell lines (MRC-5 and MCF 10A, IC50 > 200 µM) and excellent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line with IC50 value of 1.25 ± 0.19 µM, which was 1.8 times more potent than doxorubicin (IC50 = 2.31 ± 0.13 µM). In addition, compound 6c exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 1.35 ± 0.12 and 0.49 ± 0.01 µM, respectively), more than two-fold higher than that of doxorubicin. The binding properties of the best active mono- and bis-pyrazolophthalazine (4e and 6c) with HSA and DNA were fully evaluated by various techniques including UV�Vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD), Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses indicating interaction of the compounds with the secondary structure of HSA and significant change of DNA conformation, presumably via a groove binding mechanism. Additionally, molecular docking and site-selective binding studies confirmed the fundamental interaction of compounds 4e and 6c with base pairs of DNA. Compounds 4e and 6c showed promising features to be considered as potential lead structures for further studies in cancer therapy. © 202