Dimilin for Control of Lernaea in Golden Shiner Ponds

A single application of Oimilin (UNIROYAL),diflubenzuron, was tested in 9 (nine) ponds containing golden shiner minnows, Notemigonus crysoleucas, infested with the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea. The chemical was applied at a rate of1 0 or 30 pg/l and compared to untreated controls. Fish were periodically sampled to determine levels of infestation, and zooplankton numbers were monitored for chemical effect. Oimilin treatment significantly reduced (P \u3c 0.05) parasite infestation four to eight days after treatment. No significant difference (P \u3c 0.05) was noted between the two levels of treatment. Zooplankton populations decreased in the Dimilin treated ponds following chemical application. Rotifer populations rebounded later during the period, but copepod populations in the ponds treated with 30 ng/L remained depressed from two days after treatment for one month until the study ended. Complete parasite control was not obtained with either chemical concentration using a single application. These results suggest that a single treatment is not effective for Lernaea control. Future research will test two applications 10 days apart at the 10 and 30 /xg/L levels

Role of gut microbiota-generated short chain fatty acids in metabolic and cardiovascular health

Purpose of this Review: This review assesses the latest evidence linking short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with host metabolic health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and presents the latest evidence on possible biological mechanisms. Recent Findings: SCFA have a range of effects locally in the gut and at both splanchnic and peripheral tissues which together appear to induce improved metabolic regulation and have direct and indirect effects on markers of CVD risk. Summary: SCFA produced primarily from the microbial fermentation of dietary fibre appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Not only does dietary fibre fermentation regulate microbial activity in the gut, SCFA also directly modulate host health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to gut barrier function, glucose homeostasis, immunomodulation, appetite regulation and obesity. With the increasing burden of obesity worldwide, the role for gut microbiota-generated SCFA in protecting against the effects of energy dense diets offers an intriguing new avenue for regulating metabolic health and CVD risk

Comparison of Restricted and Traditional Discussion Boards on Student Critical Thinking

Interaction is a critical component of distance education and involves the transfer of information between the learner and content, learner and learner, or learner and instructor (Moore, 1989). Current distance education literature has examined the role of interaction, specifically learner-learner interaction, in learning and discussion design to enhance achievement. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of restricted and traditional discussion boards on critical thinking and learning in a graduate-level online distance education course. Findings indicated improved critical thinking in the quality and preparation strategies of initial discussion board postings when participants\u27 views of peer responses to discussion board questions were restricted until a predetermined date. Although the overall quality of subsequent postings was not affected, content analysis revealed a significant increase in discourse and revised opinions in the restricted format

Introduction to This Special Issue: Faculty Intellectual Property in the Digital Age

(First paragraph) Prior to the third generation of distance education that is described as telelearning (Taylor 1995) or teleconferencing (Moore and Kearsley 1996), there were few questions about the ownership of a faculty member’s intellectual property. It was extremely rare for an institution to claim ownership of a professor’s class materials whether lecture notes, flip charts, overhead transparencies, audio and video recording, monographs, handouts or tests. With the advent of Internet-based distance education delivery systems including 2-way audio and video as well as online courses, the issue of intellectual property ownership has grown complex

Increasing Students\u27 Achievement and Interest in Reading

Teachers of literacy have two major goals; to help their students become able readers and to help instill in their students the desire to read. This article reports a one year study in a fourth grade classroom to help students in both areas. The reading program in this fourth grade classroom included silent reading time, choices of reading materials, sharing of literature, and appropriate adult modeling of reading. Results included increases in reading rates, comprehension, vocabulary, and amount of reading accomplished by the students. Recommendations for teachers are provided based on findings of the study

Generative Learning Strategy Use and Self-Regulatory Prompting in Digital Text

The digital revolution is shifting print-based textbooks to digital text, and it has afforded the opportunity to incorporate meaningful learning strategies and otherwise separate metacognitive activities directly into these texts as embedded support. A sample of 89 undergraduates read a digital, expository text on the basics of photography. The treatment prompted the reader with selfregulatory questions and embedded a generative strategy, paraphrasing, and confirmed previous research on the relationships between prior knowledge and level of self-regulation on reading comprehension. A one-way between subjects ANOVA revealed significance for the level of self-regulation on comprehension-level items and for the level of prior knowledge on recall-level items. ANOVA also indicated that the quality of paraphrasing has a significant impact on recall-level and overall performance on the posttest. Further, participants were generally positive towards the instructional materials, which suggests willingness, and in some cases, preference, to reading in a digital format while experiencing embedded, metacognitive instructional interventions. It is recommended that comprehension may be enhanced by providing deeper training on the use of the generative strategy and by increasing motivation prior to interacting with the text in order to capitalize on the unique advantages of digital materials

Second Maccabees and Jewish society: Representations of Jewishness, Hellenism and the interaction between the Greeks and the Jews

In the Second Century B.C.E. the Jews rebelled against their Seleucid overlords achieving, for a while at least, some sort of limited independence. The events that occurred are, in the main, recorded by two works: First and Second Maccabees. The latter of these is a much neglected text. It is maligned as tragic or pathetic history and generally only used by scholars on an ad hoc basis to support particular arguments. Second Maccabees is, however, still a product of a particular time and place, and therefore can give insights into the society from which it evolved. This thesis makes use of this premise to analyse Second Maccabees. Our intention is to uncover some of the author's perceptions and beliefs in order to explain aspects of Jewishness and Jewish society. To do this we approach the text in a fresh way, paying close attention to repeated uses of particular words and any patterns in context that can be associated with these words - this includes associations that are made to particular events or groups. Repeated patterns, it is suggested, provide both an insight into aspects of the author's society and a context within which to interpret the text. As part of this process we also discuss: First, the concept of identity - Jew, Judaean and the role of the 'other'. Second, the place of the Hellene and Hellenic culture in Jewish society (Jewishness), with particular attention given to the age old dichotomy of Jew versus Greek, Hellenism versus Judaism. The result suggests that the increasing tendency to minimise any Jewish-Hellenic conflict should be reassessed. This does not mean that Jews did not adopt aspects of Hellenic culture, but rather that the reality is far more complex. Societies operate and evolve on many, often (seemingly) contradictory levels, the self adoption of foreign (Hellenic) ideas does not mean that Hellenism cannot symbolise a threat