Gross Structure of the Cervical Region of the Uterus of White-Tailed Deer

The uterine cervix of the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, consists of the narrowed-down multiple-valved part between the vagina and the hollow thinner-walled uterus proper. The length of the cervix of a mature doe in December may vary from 40 mm to 84 mm. It is composed of four to six, but generally of five, heavily muscled valves with the openings through the valves alternating dorsally and ventrally. This arrangement of valves results in an undulating or twisted passageway through the cervix. Age and reproductive history influences variation in size. The inside surface of the cervix is covered with small longitudinal folds of tissue

Anatomy of a Community-Level Fiscal Impact Model: FIT-4-NH.

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a fiscal impact tool for New Hampshire communities (HT -4-NH). FIT -4-NH belongs to a family of computergenerated fiscal impact assessment models designed to estimate the impacts to local government revenues and expenditures that result from economic changes. In the past, work in this area has centered on the completion of countylevel models for the midwestern states. FIT-4-NH is unique in that it was designed for rural community-level use in the northern New England region of the country

Service-Learning: Going Beyond Traditional Extension Activities

This article advocates service-learning as an integrative strategy for Cooperative Extension Educators to advance the concept of a truly engaged institution through the use of college students. The authors, having designed and implemented a service-learning course, discuss the advantages of experiential education and its positive impact on the university, students, communities, and the Cooperative Extension Service

The Images of Incumbents in Great Britain and the United States

Incumbents in single member, simple plurality systems strive to develop name recognition and positive images of themselves. We propose to analyze the images that constituents in Great Britain and the United States have of their MPs and Congressmen and to measure the impact which incumbent activities have on those images. We also examine the normative expectations that constituents in both countries have of their representatives and how these expectations shape their evaluations. The data for this study comes from matching elite and voter surveys in Great Britain and the United States. Our results can be summarized as follows: 1) a large percentage of constituents in both countries believe that casework and protecting district interests are the most important functions of the representative; 2) those from working class, less well educated backgrounds are more inclined to prefer a service role for their representative than a policy role; 3) the evaluations that constituents have of their representatives reflects the importance of constituency service in their priorities as well; and 4) that representatives who undertake high levels of constituency service have better constituent images than other representatives

The Constituency Service Basis of the Personal Vote for U.S. Representatives and British Members of Parliament

Under the guise of the "incumbency advantage" American research of the past decade has devoted heavy emphasis to what may be termed the "personal vote" in Congressional elections. Is this phenomenon a purely American one, or is it something susceptible to comparative treatment? This paper contrasts the personal vote in the 1980 U. S. House elections with that in the 1979 British General Election. The analysis utilizes data from surveys conducted by the Center for Political Studies and British Gallup, respectively, in combination with interviews of House AAs and British MPs and party agents whose constituencies fall in the sampling frames of the mass surveys. The analysis finds an incumbency advantage or personal vote in Britain, much weaker than that in the U. S., but of somewhat greater importance than is commonly believed, As in the U. S. constituency service appears to be an important component of the personal vote

The House Is Not a Home: M.P.'s and Their Constituencies

The British parliamentary system supposedly denies MPs the electoral incentive and the staff resources to engage in constituency service in the style of members of the U.S. Congress. Backbench MPs presumably aspire to ministerial office and therefore concentrate their activity on the work of the House. Case studies of 17 MPs, however, reveal that the constituency orientations of MPs are more varied than the conventional wisdom suggests, that some resemble the Homestyle of U.S. representatives, and that nearly all believe that attention to their constituents can protect them against national electoral swings. A close examination of the constituency orientations of five MPs suggests the cross-national utility of Fenno's distinction between geographical, re-election, primary, and personal constituencies and his categories of "presentation of self.

Verbal and visuospatial deficits in dementia with Lewy bodies

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.neurology.org/content/65/8/1232.Objective: To investigate the cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) and characterize the contribution of Lewy bodies (LBs) to cognitive impairment in the presence of concurrent Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Cognitive deficits and rates of progression attributable to DLB and AD neuropathology were investigated in three groups of participants from the longitudinal cohort of the Alzheimer Disease Research Center at Washington University with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses of pure DLB (n = 9), mixed DLB/AD (n = 57), and pure AD (n = 66). Factor analysis was used to recover latent constructs in a comprehensive psychometric test battery, analysis of variance was used to test group differences on the observed dimensions, and random effects models were used to test longitudinal rates of cognitive decline. Results: Patients with AD pathology performed worse on the verbal memory dimension. Patients with LB pathology performed worse on the visuospatial dimension. Combined pathology affected visuospatial performance but not verbal memory. The rate of cognitive decline in the DLB, DLB/AD combined, and the pure AD groups was equivalent. Conclusions: The comorbid presence of DLB and AD alters the cognitive presentation of visuospatial deficits in dementia but does not alter dementia progression. Both visuospatial and verbal abilities declined at similar rates across the three patient groups. DLB diagnosis may be improved, particularly when there is comorbid AD, by using domain-specific testing