The acquisition of a complex morphological paradigm by L1 and L2 children

The performances of 690 L1 and L2 submersion children of grades 4 to 6 on a test of past tense (passé simple) production in French are compared with the aim of assessing how the two groups of children cope with learning a morphological form belonging to a complex paradigm. Homophony with other verbal forms of the paradigm (syncretisms) appears to play a role in the children’s answers. L2 submersion children have significantly lower scores than L1 children and they differ from L1 children in tending to overapply the regular ending. They also seem to be more attentive to agreement and to the visual form of the words than L1 children

Socio-economic differentials in child stunting are consistently larger in urban than rural areas

Urban-rural comparisons of childhood undernutrition suggest that urban populations are better-off than rural populations. However, these comparisons could mask the large differentials that exist among socioeconomic groups in urban areas. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 11 countries from three regions were used to test the hypothesis that intra-urban differentials in child stunting were greater than intra-rural differentials, and that the prevalence of stunting among the urban and the rural poor was equally high. A socioeconomic status (SES) index based on household assets, housing quality, and availability of services was created separately for rural and urban areas of each country, using principal components analysis. In most countries, stunting in the poorest urban quintile was almost on par with that of poor rural dwellers. Thus, malnutrition in urban areas continues to be of concern, and effective targeting of nutrition programs to the poorest segments of the urban population will be critical to their success and cost-effectiveness.Malnutrition in children. ,Growth. ,Urban health. ,Rural health. ,

Socio-economic differentials in child stunting are consistently larger in urban than rural areas

Urban-rural comparisons of childhood undernutrition suggest that urban populations are better-off than rural populations. However, these comparisons could mask the large differentials that exist among socioeconomic groups in urban areas. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 11 countries from three regions were used to test the hypothesis that intra-urban differentials in child stunting were greater than intra-rural differentials, and that the prevalence of stunting among the urban and the rural poor was equally high. A socioeconomic status (SES) index based on household assets, housing quality, and availability of services was created separately for rural and urban areas of each country, using principal components analysis. In most countries, stunting in the poorest urban quintile was almost on par with that of poor rural dwellers. Thus, malnutrition in urban areas continues to be of concern, and effective targeting of nutrition programs to the poorest segments of the urban population will be critical to their success and cost-effectiveness.Malnutrition in children. ,Growth. ,Urban health. ,Rural health. ,

Ecology of Yellow Rail (Coturnicops Noveboracensis) Overwintering in Coastal Pine Savannas of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) is a migratory nongame bird of high conservation priority throughout its entire range. The objectives of this study were: (1) assess Yellow Rail occupancy in the context of prescribed fire regime in pine savanna habitats of Mississippi and Alabama and (2) assess Yellow Rail habitat use in pine savanna habitats of coastal Mississippi. Yellow Rail occupancy decreased significantly with time since fire and increased with grassland patch size. Throughout the study area Yellow Rail maintained small (mean = 3.37 ha) home ranges aggregated within study areas, indicating suitable habitat may be limited. Yellow Rail used areas dominated by Aristida stricta and Carex spp. They used locations with lower woody percent cover, greater herbaceous height structure and lower frequency of trees than locations outside their home range. This research highlights the continued need to prioritize conservation and management of open grasslands and pine savanna habitats

Foundation education in the New Zealand tertiary sector: towards a conceptual framework for foundation learning provision and policy directions

Foundation education is a priority area for tertiary education and policy in New Zealand. A critical theoretical and pedagogical frame and constructivist grounded theory was utilised to develop a conceptual framework and examine the findings (derived primarily from a case study of a regional polytechnic’s foundation education and interviews with 58 stakeholders) against factors leading to successful foundation education programmes. The research contributes to the emergent base of knowledge on foundation education policy and provision

An investigation of the status of professional requirements for counselors in twelve selected southern states

In the school of today the administrator and the teachers are not able to offer students and parents all the assistance they need; as a consequence, the school must provide guidance survives. Because there is a national urgency to identify and develop the talents of these students, well-organized guidance services are needed. Today, technology and automation have lifted guidance out of the merely desirable category, and made it in an urgent, basic need for social and economic survival. This is a new and exciting age with special opportunities for the educated, and corresponding risks for those whose education is inadequate. Without guidance, these risks could become more serious in the years to come, at a cost to the individual and to our society we cannot estimate

Keeper Of The Seal: The Art Of Henry Wood Elliott And The Salvation Of The Alaska Fur Seals

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2001This thesis examines the art of Henry Wood Elliott (1846--1930) and its role in Elliott's successful crusade to save the Pribilof Island fur seals from probable extinction, its importance as a visual record of the nineteenth-century Pribilof Aleut people during a time of societal transition, and how the art reveals the guiding aspirations of the artist. Elliott was one of the first American artists to work in Alaska. An experienced field artist who had served on two prior government expeditions before his assignment to the Pribilof Islands, Elliott used his watercolors of the fur seals in a successful nationwide campaign to reverse the depletion of the herds. Less well known are Elliott's ethnographic watercolors of the Pribilof Aleut people. Created only a few short years after the 1867 Alaska Purchase, these works show the Native people accommodating their Aleut-Russian culture to American societal expectations. These images, then, are a significant visual record for safeguarding the Aleut people's past. Nettled by scientific opponents, Elliott also turned his artistic talents to retaliation. Just as William Hogarth (1697--1764) and Honore Daumier (1808--1879) used caricature to comment on society, Elliott created hundreds of cartoons (ca. 1910--1926) to ridicule his opponents and promote his own point of view. It is in these previously unexamined works that Henry Elliott achieved a synthesis of art and documentation. Elliott's art also reveals his own thwarted aspirations to achieve recognition as a serious artist. His experiences as an expedition artist encouraged both his enthusiasm for science and talent for documentation. Elliott's desire to pair his watercolors with descriptive written details and snippets of government documents, however, transformed them into visual record. Elliott may not have realized his dream of winning respect as an artist, but his documentary images aroused more interest in the declining fur seal herds than the thousands of pages of dry testimony documenting the controversy. The attention generated by his artwork was a major contributor to the successful resolution of the Pribilof Island fur seal debate

Caribbean-China Relations: Foreign Policy and Small State Economic Adjustment

In recent years the relationship between Caribbean states and China has intensified. This dissertation argues that the Caribbean\u27s increased engagement with China is an important component of their economic adjustment strategy that was necessitated after changes in the orientation of the international economic system that they must operate within, particularly in relation to the loss of trade preferences and the sharp decline in official development assistance. Despite the seemingly homogenous nature of these Caribbean states there is in fact significant foreign policy variation seen vis-à-vis engagement with China. Some Caribbean states have consistently recognized China, while others have vacillated between recognition of China and Taiwan. The source of this variation lies in differences in endowment of resources that are of strategic importance to China. The more resource-endowed countries demonstrate more foreign policy consistency while the resource-poor countries have exhibited a less consistent foreign policy towards China. The dissertation also explores the extent to which the relationship with China is beneficial for these states. It will be shown that despite the lack of explicit conditionalities accompanying Chinese aid and loans, there are important implicit conditionalities such as the awarding of contracts to Chinese firms and the importation of Chinese laborers that thwart the potential benefits accruing to Caribbean states from this relationship with China

The acquisition of a verbal paradigm: Verb Morphology in French L1 children

This study examines the passé simple verbal morphology production of 486 French L1 children in grades 4 to 6 as measured by a gap-filling task. The objective was to study the acquisition of a verbal form belonging to a complex paradigm exhibiting paradigmatic sub-regularities, and to assess the extent to which learners took into account previously learned forms in their acquisition.Success and error patterns reveal that learners are sensitive to the regularity of plural formation across the various verb classes. In addition, learners are sensitive to sub-regularities existing between paradigm cells