Phonosemantic interpretation of lexical units in the context of Russian and Slovak linguocultures

Phonosemantics is one of the youngest disciplines in the modern linguistics but takes an important part in the intercultural communication. The purpose of the article is to carry out the comparative analysis of lexical units of the Russian and Slovak language systems from the perspective of phonosemantics and philological hermeneutics. There has been made an attempt to study the correlation between the phonetic and semantic motivations of lexemes and paroemias (proverbs and sayings) in the system of the Russian and Slovak languages ​​on the basis of the phonosemantic analysis and hermeneutic method. The mechanism for determining the language ​​ connotation on the knowledge based system makes it possible to reveal the linguocultural peculiarities of phraseological units, taking into account national-cultural, territorial, ethnolinguistic factors provided the individual’s cognitive abilities are activated. The problem of decoding of semantics in the situation of cross-cultural cooperation is not researched only from the view of the traditional linguistics, but also by means of cognitive activities: perception, presentation, reflection, interpretation. The adequate interpretation of the linguo-cultural phenomena and lexical units is the reflection in the internal communication  aimed at the decoding of cultural and language code. In the external communication the reflection of the individual is expressed in the  interpretation. The phonosemantic analysis, based on the description of natural-cultural lexical blocks from the view of philological hermeneutics, was revealed at first differences and similarities in Russian and Slovak languages; secondly, it were determined the so-called linguocultural codes. The analysis of lexical units in the Russian and Slovak languages has revealed common and distinctive peculiarities of the languages regarding their phonology and semantics. Perception and interpretation of linguistic units in foreign culture helps to achieve the most important communicative and pragmatic purpose – the establishment of intercultural and interpersonal parity and mutual understanding in the process of communicative interaction

Estrone Sulfatase Inhibitors as New Anticancer Agents

Enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hormone-dependent oncological diseases such as breast, endometrial, prostate cancers, and endometriosis. The discovery of potent and irreversible STS inhibitors stimulated huge efforts of preclinical and clinical work. Various STS inhibitors such as steroid sulfamate, steroid nonsulfamate, nonsteroidal sulfamate, and nonsteroidal nonsulfamate-based inhibitors have been developed. In the review known STS inhibitors from the point of view of their safety, side-effects and perspectives for clinical application are considered. Among STS inhibitors several dual (multitargeted) compounds have huge potential being nonestrogenic and acting in nanomolar levels on the targets. The dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitors (DASI) approach has a great potential when a synergy between STS and aromatase inhibition is expected and, thus it could address acquired resistance mechanisms. Among STS inhibitors based on steroid skeleton 17α-benzyl-, 17β-arylsulfonamides, 17-diisopropylcarbamoyl-3-O-sulfamates exhibit the best properties, especially as dual anticancer potential drugs. The same modifications result in the increased activity against STS in 2-OMe-3-O-sulfamates as well as 2-OMe-3, 17β-bissulfamates, which are also active against triple negative breast cancer. 8α-Steroid estrogen analogs without estrogenic properties also possess high STS-inhibitory activity and block breast cancer cells growth with the activity comparable to tamoxifen

Modern Higher Education: Problems and Perspectives

AbstractThe article deals with the problem of integration of the regional higher education system into the European educational space. According to the authors, one of the main tasks of modernization of the regional higher education system is the creation of a system of higher professional education of the third generation, which is supposed to solve, on the one hand, the problem of integrating into the Bologna Process and, on the other hand, the problem of elaboration of the concept of the Russian regional higher school modernization. Special attention is paid to the description of a new humanistic paradigm, based on the consistent attitude of the teacher to the student as an individual, an independent and responsible person with his own background, and at the same time as a member of educational process. The paper covers the main problems, which the system of the regional higher education may be confronted with, and defines the prospects of the regional education development

Flux of nitric oxide between the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the host plant

[EN]Nitric oxide (NO) production by Botrytis cinerea and the effect of externally supplied NO were studied during saprophytic growth and plant infection. Fluorescence analysis with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate and electrochemical studies were conducted in vitro between 4 and 20h of incubation and in planta between 15 and 75 h post-inoculation. The production of NO by B. cinerea in vitro was detected inside the germinating spores and mycelium and in the surrounding medium. In planta production of NO showed a large variation that was dependent on the host plant and developmental stage of the infection. The induced production of NO was detected from 16 h of in vitro incubation in response to externally added NO. The production of NO by B. cinerea is probably modulated to promote fungal colonization of the plant tissue. The production of NO which diffuses outside the fungal cells and the induction of NO production by exogenous NO open up the possibility of NO cross-talk between the fungus and the plant. Finally, the existence of an NO concentration threshold is proposed, which may increase or reduce the plant defence against necrotrophic fungal pathogens

Синтез и функционализация нанокристаллов бактериальной целлюлозы из чайного гриба для раневых повязок

In this study, bacterial cellulose nanocrystals and aldehyde functionalized bacterial cellulose nanocrystals were synthesized from kombucha tea. Bacterial cellulose derived from kombucha tea is a biopolymer synthesized by a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The main goal of this work was the synthesis and chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose isolated from kombucha tea. The hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose using sulfuric acid resulted in bacterial cellulose nanocrystals. Aldehyde modified bacterial cellulose nanocrystals were synthesized using periodate oxidation in order to acquire new properties such as a non-toxic crosslinking agent with other biopolymers. The bacterial cellulose nanocrystals and dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanocrystals were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X‑ray diffraction, thermal analysis and particle size distribution. The synthesized bacterial cellulose nanocrystals and the dialdehyde derivative are excellent materials that could be used as potent wound dressing materials and scaffolds for tissue engineering applicationsВ этом исследовании нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы и нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы, функционализированные альдегидными группами, были синтезированы из чайного гриба. Бактериальная целлюлоза, полученная из чайного гриба, представляет собой биополимер, синтезированный симбиотическим консорциумом бактерий и дрожжей (SCOBY). Основной целью данной работы был синтез и химическая модификация нанокристаллов целлюлозы из бактериальной целлюлозы, выделенной из чайного гриба. В результате гидролиза бактериальной целлюлозы серной кислотой были получены нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы. Нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы, модифицированные альдегидными группами, были синтезированы с использованием перийодата для приобретения новых свойств, таких как нетоксичный сшивающий агент с другими биополимерами. Нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы и нанокристаллы диальдегидной бактериальной целлюлозы были охарактеризованы с помощью ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии, рентгеновской дифракции, термического анализа, и определены распределения частиц по размерам. Синтезированные нанокристаллы бактериальной целлюлозы и ее функционализированное альдегидными группами производное являются превосходными материалами, которые можно использовать в качестве эффективных перевязочных материалов для ран и каркасов для приложений тканевой инженери