The Malkus–Robbins dynamo with a linear series motor

Hide [1997] has introduced a number of different nonlinear models to describe the behavior of n-coupled self-exciting Faraday disk homopolar dynamos. The hierarchy of dynamos based upon the Hide et al. [1996] study has already received much attention in the literature (see [Moroz, 2001] for a review). In this paper we focus upon the remaining dynamo, namely Case 3 of [Hide, 1997] for the particular limit in which the Malkus–Robbins dynamo [Malkus, 1972; Robbins, 1997] obtains, but now modified by the presence of a linear series motor. We compare and contrast the linear and the nonlinear behaviors of the two types of dynamo

The extended Malkus-Robbins dynamo as a perturbed Lorenz system

Recent investigations of some self-exciting Faraday-disk homopolar dynamo ([1-4]) have yielded the classic Lorenz equations as a special limit when one of the principal bifurcation parameters is zero. In this paper we focus upon one of those models [3] and illustrate what happens to some of the lowest order unstable periodic orbits as this parameter is increased from zero

Early stages in the evolution of the atmosphere and climate on the Earth-group planets

The early evolution of the atmospheres and climate of the Earth, Mars and Venus is discussed, based on a concept of common initial conditions and main processes (besides known differences in chemical composition and outgassing rate). It is concluded that: (1) liquid water appeared on the surface of the earth in the first few hundred million years; the average surface temperature was near the melting point for about the first two eons; CO2 was the main component of the atmosphere in the first 100-500 million years; (2) much more temperate outgassing and low solar heating led to the much later appearance of liquid water on the Martian surface, only one to two billion years ago; the Martian era of rivers, relatively dense atmosphere and warm climate ended as a result of irreversible chemical bonding of CO2 by Urey equilibrium processes; (3) a great lack of water in the primordial material of Venus is proposed; liquid water never was present on the surface of the planet, and there was practically no chemical bonding of CO2; the surface temperature was over 600 K four billion years ago

Концептуальные основы исследовательской деятельности в процессе обучения всемирной истории в основной школе

In the article, the conceptual bases of the research activity in the process of teaching world history at the secondary school are covered. In accordance with the authors, the main feature of such training is the intensification of children’s academic activity, promoting its research character, and, thus, gradually providing the students an initiative to organize their cognitive activity. Such approach requires the teachers’ adaption of their research-based teaching methods in correspondence with the students’ interests and abilities, their age peculiarities and psychic development. The authors theoretically specified the main functions of the research activity in the process of teaching world history in the secondary school. The article states that the involvement of students in research activities can provide a successful solution of numerous educational challenges; in particularly, they are connected to the individual approach, level differentiation, creating a positive learning motivation, and professional orientation. Authors find out the main characteristics of the research activity in teaching history: 1) determination of a problem in the academic historical material that may involve ambiguity in its solution (for textbooks, it is, first of all, a problematic material representation); 2) the students’ acquisition of skills to formulate assump¬tions, hypotheses by means of the specially designed tasks; 3) the development of students’ skills with the various sources of information and analysis; 4) the formation of the self-education skills, namely, the ways of the pupils’ active learning; 5) the development of the students’ ability to take up a research position, apply to the research activity elements; 6) forming the ability to represent the research results. The article states that the use of research in teaching world history at the secondary school can significantly improve the academic performance of pupils and historical expertise, will enable students to develop important char-acteristics of creativity as originality, flexibility, performance, thinking, associating lightness, sensitivity to problems and increase the level of the practical orientation skills and students’ competencies.Розкриваються концептуальні засади дослідницької діяльності в процесі навчання всесвітньої історії в основній школі. На думку авторів, головна особливість такого навчання полягає в активізації навчальної роботи дітей з наданням їй дослідницького характеру, і, таким чином поступовому переданні учням ініціативи в організації їхньої пізнавальної діяльності. Такий підхід потребує від учителя адаптації методики дослідницького навчання відповідно до інтересів і здібностей учнів, вікових особливостей їх психічного розвитку. Теоретично обґрунтовано основні функції дослідницької діяльності в процесі навчання всесвітньої історії в основній школі. Залучення школярів до такої діяльності дає змогу успішно вирішувати багато освітніх проблем, зокрема, пов’язаних з індивідуальним підходом, рівневою диференціацією, створен¬ням позитивної навчальної мотивації, професійною орієнтацією. До головних характеристик дослідницької діяльності в процесі навчання історії автори від¬носять: 1) виокремлення в навчальному історичному матеріалі проблеми, яка може передбачати неоднозначність у її розв’язанні (для підручників – це на¬самперед проблемна подання матеріалу); 2) набуття учнями вмінь формулю¬вати припущення, гіпотези через систему спеціально розроблених завдань; 3) розвиток навичок роботи учнів із різноманітними джерелами інформації та їх аналізу; 4) формування умінь і навичок самоосвіти, тобто способів ак¬тивної пізнавальної діяльності школярів; 5) розвиток в учнів здатності займа¬ти дослідницьку позицію, застосовувати елементи дослідницької діяльності; 6) формування вміння презентувати результати дослідницького пошуку. За¬стосування дослідницької діяльності в процесі навчання всесвітньої історії в основній школі дасть можливість значно підвищити рівень навчальних до¬сягнень й історичної компетентності учнів, розвивати в них важливі характе¬ристики креативності, такі як оригінальність, гнучкість, продуктивність мис¬лення, легкість асоціювання, чутливість до проблем, забезпечити практичну спрямованість умінь і компетентностей учнів.Раскрываются концептуальные основы исследовательской деятельно-сти в процессе обучения всемирной истории в основной школе. По мнению авторов, главная особенность такого обучения заключается в активизации учебной работы детей с предоставлением ей исследовательского характера, и, таким образом, постепенной передаче ученикам инициативы в организации их познавательной деятельности. Данный подход требует от учителя адап¬тации методики исследовательского обучения в соответствии с интересами и способностями учащихся, возрастными особенностями их психического развития. Теоретически обоснованы ключевые функции исследовательской деятельности в процессе обучения всемирной истории в основной школе. Привлечение школьников к этой деятельности позволяет с успехом решать многие образовательные проблемы – в частности, связанные с индивиду¬альным подходом, уровневой дифференциацией, созданием положительной учебной мотивации, профессиональной ориентацией. К главным характери¬стикам исследовательской деятельности в процессе обучения истории авторы относят: 1) выделение в учебном историческом материале проблемы, которая предусматривать неоднозначность в ее решении (для учебников – это прежде всего проблемная подача материала); 2) приобретение учащимися умений формулировать предположения, гипотезы через систему специально разработанных заданий; 3) развитие навыков работы учащихся с различными источниками информации и их анализа; 4) формирование умений и навыков самообразования, то есть способов активной познавательной деятельности школьников; 5) развитие у учащихся способности занимать исследователь¬скую позицию, применять элементы исследовательской деятельности; 6) фор¬мирование умения презентовать результаты исследовательского поиска. При¬менение исследовательской деятельности в процессе обучения всемирной истории в основной школе позволит значительно повысить уровень знаний и исторической компетентности учащихся, развивать у них важные характеристики креативности, такие как оригинальность, гибкость, продуктивность мышления, легкость ассоциирования, чувствительность к проблемам, обеспе¬чить практическую направленность умений и компетенций учащихся

Preliminary results of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 optical investigation of aerosol in the atmosphere of Venus at 30-60 KM

Aerosol concentration profiles were measured by an aerosol spectrometer above the landing sites of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 landers. Approximately the same altitude zones were found as in previous experiments: a three-layered basic cloud cover, an intermediate zone and subcloud haze. There were significant quantitative differences in the concentrations of particles, however, and especially in the spectra of their dimensions. Nightglow was found in the troposphere of Venus at a wavelength of about 1 micron. The backscatter coefficient and the extinction coefficient change very little between 32 and 63 km. Large numbers of submicron particles apparently exist in the atmosphere above the landing sites

Working model of the atmosphere and near planetary space of Jupiter

Basic physical characteristics of Jupiter, its gravitational field, atmosphere, electromagnetic radiation, magnetosphere, meteorite situation and satellites are presented in tables, graphs and figures. Means of observation of the atmosphere and three models of the atmosphere are presented and analyzed

Spin-orbit lateral superlattices: energy bands and spin polarization in 2DEG

The Bloch spinors, energy spectrum and spin density in energy bands are studied for the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction subject to one-dimensional (1D) periodic electrostatic potential of a lateral superlattice. The space symmetry of the Bloch spinors with spin parity is studied. It is shown that the Bloch spinors at fixed quasimomentum describe the standing spin waves with the wavelength equal to the superlattice period. The spin projections in these states have the components both parallel and transverse to the 2DEG plane. The anticrossing of the energy dispersion curves due to the interplay between the SO and periodic terms is observed, leading to the spin flip. The relation between the spin parity and the interband optical selection rules is discussed, and the effect of magnetization of the SO superlattice in the presence of external electric field is predicted.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, reported at the International Conferences "Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics" (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, March 2006) and "Nanostructures: Physics and Technology" (St Petersburg, Russia, June 2006

Persistent currents in multicomponent Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid: application to mesoscopic semiconductor ring with spin-orbit interaction

We study persistent currents in semiconductor ballistic rings with spin-orbit Rashba interaction. We use as a working model the multicomponent Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid which arises due to the nonparabolic dispersion relations of electrons in the rings with rather strong spin-orbit coupling. This approach predicts some new characteristic features of persistent currents, which may be observed in experimental studies of semiconductor ballistic rings.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Comparison of diagnostic informative value of the methods for the determination of direct (hyaluronic acid) and indirect (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, de Rithis coefficient) of liver fibrosis markers in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C

The results of chronic viral hepatitis C patients examinations are described. A comparative characteristic of the diagnostic informative value of direct (hyaluronic acid) and indirect (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, de Ritis coefficient) of liver fibrosis markers by the use of ROC - analysis is presented. The objective: to explore the possibility of non-invasive methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C (CVH C). Materials and methods. 66 CVH C with the 1st genotype of the virus were examined. They were either at dispensary observation or ambulatory treatment at Municipal Clinical Hospital №1 (Vinnitsa, Ukraine) and in the clinical department of viral hepatitis at L. V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of NAMS (Ukraine). All patients underwent fibroelastography (FEG) on the METAVIR fibrosis score. In all CVH C patients and control group individuals content of hyaluronic acid (HA) in blood serum was determined. ELISA method and “Hyaluronic Acid” kit (Corgenix, Inc., USA) were used. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was investigated with kinetic method (analyzer and test system Cobas 6000, Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). Results: AUC for HA content in serum of CVH C patients was in the range 0.720-0.917 (

Detection of parent molecules in the IR spectrum of P/Halley with the IKS-Vega spectrometer

The two spectroscopic channels of the IKS experiment on board the Vega probes were designed for the detection of emission bands of parent molecules and/or cometary dust, in the 2.5 to 5 micrometer range and the 6 to 12 micron range respectively. On Vega 1, the experiment worked successfully, and cometary spectra were recorded at distances from the comet nucleus ranging from about 250,000 to 40,000 km. The field of view was 1 deg and the spectral resolving power was about 50. On Vega 2, no result could be obtained due to a failure of the cryogenic system. The emission spectra obtained are briefly analyzed