Las especies de salvia (Lamiaceae) para Argentina

Salvia es el género más grande de la familia Lamiaceae, con ca. 900 espcies. En Argentina está representado por 23 taxones (20 especies, una subespecie y dos variedades), cuatro de estos taxones son adventicios, el resto nativos y uno de ellos es endémico. Las especies se distribuyen principalmente en el norte del territorio, llegando a las provincias de La Pampa y Mendoza como límite sur de su distribución. Cada uno de los 23 taxones de Salvia presentes en Argentina es descripto e ilustrado y se presenta una clave para su identificación. Se proponen tres nuevos sinónimos, Salvia borjensis nuevo sinónimo de Salvia nervosa, Salvia durifolia nuevo sinónimo de Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia y Salvia alba nuevo sinónimo de Salvia personata, y se designan diez lectotipos para: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa y Salvia sect. Pycnosphace.Salvia is the biggest genus from Lamiceae, with almost 900 species. In Argentina it is represented by 23 taxa (20 species, one subspecies, and two varieties), four of these are adventive taxa, the rest are native, and one of these is endemic. Species are distributed predominantly in the north region of the territory, reaching the provinces of La Pampa and Mendoza as the southern limit of its distribution. Each of the 23 Salvia taxa present in Argentina is described and illustrated, and a key for their identification is presented. Three new synonyms are proposed, Salvia borjensis new synonym of Salvia nervosa, Salvia durifolia new synonym of Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia and Salvia alba new synonym of Salvia personata, and ten lectotypes are designated for: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa, and Salvia sect. Pycnosphace.Fil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Moroni, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

(2625) Proposal to reject the name Littorella spicata (Plantaginaceae)

Littorella flexuosa Raf., New Fl. 4: 12-13. 1838 [incorrectly given as 1836], nom. rej. prop.Typus: non designatus. Littorella subgenus Xamotris Raf., New Fl. 4: 12. 1838 [incorrectly given as 1836], nom. rej. prop.Lectotypus (designated here): Littorella flexuosa Raf. In accordance to Art. 56.1, we believe that the best course of action would be to reject the name L. flexuosa, along with Littorella subgenus Xamotris, in order to prevent that a considerably dubious name threaten a well-stablished species name, causing a disadvantageous nomenclatural change.Fil: Hassemer, Gustavo. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Moroni, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

The spatiotemporal pattern of the human electroencephalogram at sleep onset after a period of prolonged wakefulness

During the sleep onset (SO) process, the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is characterized by an orchestrated pattern of spatiotemporal changes. Sleep deprivation (SD) strongly affects both wake and sleep EEG, but a description of the topographical EEG power spectra and oscillatory activity during the wake-sleep transition after a period of prolonged wakefulness is still missing. The increased homeostatic sleep pressure should induce an earlier onset of sleep-related EEG oscillations. The aim of the present study was to assess the spatiotemporal EEG pattern at SO following SD. A dataset of a previous study was analyzed. We assessed the spatiotemporal EEG changes (19 cortical derivations) during the SO (5 min before vs. 5 min after the first epoch of Stage 2) of a recovery night after 40 h of SD in 39 healthy subjects, analyzing the EEG power spectra (fast Fourier transform) and the oscillatory activity [better oscillation (BOSC) detection method]. The spatiotemporal pattern of the EEG power spectra mostly confirmed the changes previously observed during the wake-sleep transition at baseline. The comparison between baseline and recovery showed a wide increase of the post- vs. pre-SO ratio during the recovery night in the frequency bins 10 Hz. We found a predominant alpha oscillatory rhythm in the pre-SO period, while after SO the theta oscillatory activity was prevalent. The oscillatory peaks showed a generalized increase in all frequency bands from delta to sigma with different predominance, while beta activity increased only in the fronto-central midline derivations. Overall, the analysis of the EEG power replicated the topographical pattern observed during a baseline night of sleep but with a stronger intensity of the SO-induced changes in the frequencies 10 Hz, and the detection of the rhythmic activity showed the rise of several oscillations at SO after SD that was not observed during the wake-sleep transition at baseline (e.g., alpha and frontal theta in correspondence of their frequency peaks). Beyond confirming the local nature of the EEG pattern at SO, our results show that SD has an impact on the spatiotemporal modulation of cortical activity during the falling-asleep process, inducing the earlier emergence of sleep-related EEG oscillations

Tipificaciones de nombres ligados a Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) para la Flora Argentina

Durante la preparación del tratamiento del género Phacelia para el proyecto Flora Argentina, se hallaron varios nombres cuya tipificación debió ser resuelta. En este contexto se designan 17 lectotipos para Aldea pinnata, Eutoca frigida, E. litoralis, E. lomarifolia, E. pinnatifida, E. pusilla, Hydrophyllum magellanicum, Phacelia boliviana, P. foliosa, P. magellanica fo. amoena, P. magellanica fo. plantaginea, P. nana, P. pinnatifida var. elatior, P. pinnatifida, P. sanzinii, P. sinuata y P. viscosa.During the preparation of the treatment of the genus Phacelia for the Flora Argentina project, several names were found in need of typification. In this context lectotypes are designated for 17 names: Aldea pinnata, Eutoca frigida, E. litoralis, E. lomarifolia, E. pinnatifida, E. pusilla, Hydrophyllum magellanicum, Phacelia boliviana, P. foliosa, P. magellanica fo. amoena, P. magellanica fo. plantaginea, P. nana, P. pinnatifida var. elatior, P. pinnatifida, P. sanzinii, P. sinuata and P. viscosa.Fil: Mirra Gonzalez, Fabiana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Moroni, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

Leveling Up Hydrogels:Hybrid Systems in Tissue Engineering

Hydrogels can mimic several features of the cell native microenvironment and have been widely used as synthetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). However, some applications have specifications that hydrogels cannot efficiently fulfill on their own. Incorporating reinforcing structures like fibrous scaffolds or particles into hydrogels, as hybrid systems, is a promising strategy to improve their functionality. We describe recent advances in the fabrication and application of these hybrid systems, where structural properties and stimuli responsiveness of hydrogels are enhanced while their ECM-like features are preserved. Furthermore, we discuss how these systems can contribute to the development of more complex tissue engineered structures in the rapidly evolving field of TERM

Near-Reference Air Quality Sensors Can Support Local Planning: A Performance Assessment in Milan, Italy

At present, 4.2 million deaths occur every year due to ambient air pollution, according to the World Health Organization. In view of reducing such a figure, air quality monitoring and reliable data are essential. Nevertheless, local authorities in urban environments, where pollution levels are highest, often face a dilemma. On the one hand, the high costs of reference monitors make their largescale adoption prohibitive, while the easily scalable low-cost sensors often feature significantly lower data quality and lack of calibration. Near reference monitors have been voiced as a promising solution, as they exhibit limited costs, though specific studies assessing their performance against reference monitors are still lacking. This article provides an in-depth assessment of three near reference sensors’ stations performance, through their collocation with regional reference monitors from December 2021 onwards. Two sensors were positioned at high-traffic locations, while the third recorded background pollution levels in Milan, Italy. The sensors’ performance was quantified not only via the coefficient of determination (R2) and the regression model, but also with the Mean Normalized Bias (MNB) and median values. After a first measurement period, sensors were re-calibrated to also appraise their behavioral change, generally exhibiting a performance increase. Results show high correlation for all hourly-recorded pollutants, with peaks for Ozone (O3) (R2 = 0.94) and BC (R2 = 0.93). Although location-specific, such results show an interesting potential for near reference sensors in support of urban air quality planning

An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers

Background and aims. The last comprehensive study that estimated the number of Verbenaceae genera and species was published in 2004, and included 34 genera and around 1200 species. Since then, several publications based on morphology and/or molecular data have proposed important changes within the family. Due to the lack of updated literature to cite when referring to the number of Verbenaceae taxa, a review of these estimates is necessary. Key results and conclusion. We present a detailed list of genera currently accepted in Verbenaceae with the number of species contained in each and compare our numbers with the previous estimate. In addition, we indicate the geographic distribution and the most recent important taxonomic or phylogenetic works for each genus. Our compilation shows that Verbenaceae have 32 genera and 800 species currently accepted. This work provides up-to-date numbers and brings a holistic view of the family.Fil: Cardoso, Pedro Henrique. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Olmstead, Richard G.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Moroni, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Thode, Verônica. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

Minimal Viral Potassium Channels for Studying Protein/Lipid Interaction

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