Egypt and Nubia

Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press. © Cambridge University Press 2001. Details of the definitive version are available at: http://www.cambridge.or

Ivory and related materials

Reproduced with permission of the publisher. © Cambridge University Press 2000. Details of the definitive version are available at: http://www.cambridge.org. Note: Fig 13.1 Courtesy of the Egypt Exploration Society (www.ees.ac.uk)

Nb-Mʿt-Rʿ-United-with-Ptah

Reproduced with permission of the publisher

Peftjauawybast, rey de Nen-nesut. Genealogía, historia del arte, y la cronología del Egipto libio tardío

Abstract: This paper argues in detail for the identification of Peftjauawybast, King of Nen-nesut (fl. 728/720 BC ), with Peftjauawybast, High Priest of Ptah in Memphis (fl. c. 790–780 BC2), known from the Apis stela of year 28 of Shoshenq III. This identification ties in with a significant lowering of the accepted dates for the kings from Shoshenq III, Osorkon III and Takeloth III to Shoshenq V, and the material culture associated with them. Such a shift seems to be supported by stylistic and genealogical evidence. As a consequence, it is further suggested that the Master of Shipping at Nen-nesut, Pediese i, was perhaps related by descent and marriage to the family of the High Priests of Memphis and King Peftjauawybast.Resumen: Este artículo argumenta detalladamente a favor de la identificación de Peftjauawybast, el rey de Nen-nesut (fl. 728/720 BC) con Peftjauawybast, el sumo sacerdote de Ptah en Menfis (fl. c. 790–780 BC) conocido a partir de la estela de Apis del año 28 de Shoshenq III. Esta identificación concuerda con una significativa reducción de las fechas aceptadas para los reyes que van desde Shoshenq III, Osorkon III y Takelot hasta Shoshenq V, y con el material cultural asociado con ellos. Este cambio parece sustentarse con evidencia estilística y genealógica. Como consecuencia, se sugiere que el maestro de navegación de Nen-nesut, Pediese i, estaba quizás relacionado por descendencia y matrimonio con la familia de los sumos sacerdotes de Menfis y el rey Peftjauawybast

Economic and cultural exchange between Kush and Egypt

One of the major problems of Nubian history is assessing the impact of Egyptian rule in Kush during the New Kingdom (c 1550-1070 BC) on the emergence of a powerful 'Egyptianised' indigenous state in the 9th-8th C BC. In order to address this issue, the nature of Egyptian rule in Nubia is examined. The conventional view of the extent of Egyptian military and political control is questioned. It is proposed that a buffer zone was left between the area of direct control and the official frontier, with local rulers. It is argued that the 'Egyptian' administration was drawn largely from local elite families rather than being 'colonial Egyptians' and that other local political powers were accommodated. An integrated economy is advocated. The cultural impact of Egypt is seen as the explanation of the 'disappearance' of the indigenous population that was argued by earlier archaeologists. The impact of Egyptian religion, notably the promotion of the royal cult is examined. The re-assessment of Nubia under Egyptian viceregal rule allows the conventional view of the period between the end of the Viceregal administration and the emergence of a new indigenous kingdom to be questioned. Following an examination of the archaeological and historical material, it is argued that immediately following the end of Egyptian rule, local rulers assumed power and modelled themselves on the pharaonic monarchy. The evidence for the continuity of trade is discussed and its importance to the emergence of the indigenous Kushite state is assessed. The whole historical process is viewed against the background of the end of the Late Bronze Age and the changing trade axes and rise of Assyrian power in western Asia