Estimating the time between drinking and death from tissue distribution patterns of ethanol.

To establish a method for estimating the time between the last consumption of alcohol and death, we examined the ethanol levels in body fluids and tissues of rats that had been orally administered 1 g/kg ethanol. We observed the following relationships between ethanol levels in the cardiac blood (blood in the heart itself), vitreous humor, and urine: cardiac blood &#62; vitreous humor &#62; urine at 10 min (early absorption stage); vitreous humor &#62; cardiac blood &#62; urine from 20 to 50 min (late absorption stage); vitreous humor &#62; urine &#62; cardiac blood from 60 to 120 min (distribution stage); and urine &#62; vitreous humor &#62; cardiac blood at 180 min (excretion stage). It was also observed that, in cases of death immediately following drinking, ethanol levels in the stomach contents are very high, and the following ratios of ethanol levels were observed: skeletal muscle to cardiac blood--less than 1; liver to cardiac blood--around 1. buccal mucosa to cardiac blood-greater than 1. These ratios at equilibrium after drinking were around 1, lower than 1 and around 1, respectively. We also measured alcohol levels in the cardiac blood, urine, vitreous humor and stomach contents of nine cadavers who had consumed alcohol prior to death. The relationships between the time since last consumption of alcohol and relative ethanol levels in these specimens were in good accordance with the results of the animal experiments. </p

Theory of the Normal State of Cuprate Superconducting Materials

We have proposed a model Hamiltonian, which describes a simple physical picture that the holes with single occupation constraint introduced by doping move in the antiferromagnetic background of the copper spins, to describe the normal state of the cuprate superconducting materials, and used the renormalization group method to calculate its anomalous magnetic and transport properties. The anomalous magnetic behavior of the normal state is controlled by both the copper spin and the spin part of the doping hole residing on the O sites. The physical resistivity is determined by both the quasiparticle-spin-fluctuation and the quasiparticle-gauge-fluctuation scatterings and the Hall coefficient is determined by the parity-odd gauge interaction deriving from the nature of the hard-core boson which describes the charge part of the doping holes.Comment: 36 pages, no figure

白レグの産卵,採食,飲水におよぼす環境温度の影響 : II. コーンオイル添加飼料給与の場合

白レグ産卵鶏24羽を各8羽ずつ3群にわけ,(A)には市販飼料を,(B)および(C)には,コーンオイルをそれぞれ7%および14%添加した市販飼料を与えた.前報にひきつづき,これらの飼料を給与した場合の産卵,採食,飲水におよぼす環境温度(25℃;39% R.H.,30℃;33%,32.5℃;31%,35℃;28%,各温度感作10～15日)の影響を環境調節室内で実験し,次の知見を得た. 1) 採食量は温度上昇と共に減少し,コーンオイル添加によりさらに減少した. 2) コーンオイル添加は卵重には変化なく,産卵率,産卵量の低下が32.5℃以上で,とくに35℃でいちじるしかった.これらの低下は,栄養素の摂取不足にもとずくものと思われた. 3) (B),(C)群は32.5℃で,(A)群は35℃で最高の産卵効率となった.高温におけるカルシウムの添加は,軟卵の出現防止に効果があった. 4) 採食量,飲水量におよぼす乾,湿球温度について考察した.This research was performed in view of investigating the effects of environmental temperature on egg production, food intake and water consumption in the case of corn oil supplemented feeding in laying White Leghorns. Twenty-fore laying hens were divided into three groups (A), (B) and (C) of eight hens each. (A) was fed with the commercial chicken food, (B) with the commercial food supplemented with 7% of corn oil, and (C) was fed with the commercial food supplemented with 14% of corn oil. The hens were kept in a room temperature of 25°C, 30°C, 32.5°C and 35°C during 10-15 days. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The higher the environmental temperature becomes, the lesser food intake was observed. Supplementation with corn oil accelerated the decrease of food intake. 2) Effects of corn oil supplementation on egg production were not noticeable in the egg weight, but were affective on the egg production rate and the egg production per day above 32.5°C, especially at 35°C. This may be due to the deficiency of nutrients for egg production. 3) The highest efficiency for the egg production was observed at 32.5°C in the case of corn oil supplementation and at 35°C in the case of the commercial food. Compared with the previous paper the difference of the latter result may be attributed mainly to the non-appearance of abnormal eggs. Calcium supplementation proved to be efficient for prevention for broken eggs or no-shelled eggs in higher environmental temperatures. 4) Effects of dry and wet bulb temperature on food intake and water consumption, were discussed

New insights into antikaon-nucleon scattering and the structure of the Lambda(1405)

We perform a combined analysis of antikaon-nucleon scattering cross sections and the recent SIDDHARTA kaonic hydrogen data in the framework of a coupled-channel Bethe-Salpeter approach at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion of the effective potential. We find a precise description of the antikaon-proton scattering amplitudes and are able to extract accurate values of the scattering lengths, a0=-1.81^+0.30_-0.28 + i 0.92^+0.29_-0.23 fm, a1=+0.48^+0.12_-0.11 + i 0.87^+0.26_-0.20 fm. We also discuss the two-pole structure of the Lambda(1405).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

白レグの産卵,採食,飲水におよぼす環境温度の影響

白レグ産卵鶏15羽(1年鶏10羽,2年鶏5羽)を供試し,産卵鶏の産卵,採食,飲水におよぼす環境温度(25～35℃,2.5℃間隔,各温度感作10～15日)の影響を,環境調節室内で実験し,次の知見を得た. 1) 採食量は温度上昇と共に減少し,25～35℃において,温度1℃あたりの減少率は1.6%であった.飲水量は温度上昇と共に増加し,摂取飼料1gあたりの飯水量も急激に増加し,30℃で25℃の1.5倍,32.5℃で2倍,35℃で3倍に達した. 2) 産卵率は35℃において73%と最低で,一日あたりの卵生産量も最低であったが,飼料消費あたりの産卵効率は61%と最高であった. 3) 破卵,軟卵をのぞいた正常卵の生産効率は,32.5℃において53%と最高で,一方35℃においては42%であった.35℃では,破卵,軟卵の出現率が31%にも達した.32.5℃では25℃を基準にした場合,15%の卵生産効率の増加がみられ,この点について考察した.In order to investigate the effects of environmental temperature on egg production, food intake and water consumption in laying White Leghorns, this experiment was performed. Fifteen hens (10 of them were 1 year old hens, 5 were 2 years old hens) were kept in the temperature room from 25 to 35°C changing by 2.5°C at each interval during 10-15 days. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The higher the temperature becomes, the lesser food intake was observed. The decreasing rate was 1.6% per Centigrade rise of environmental temperature from 25°C to 35°C. Water consumption increased with the rise of temperature. Each ratio of water consumed per one g of food intake was about 2 times at 32.5°C, and about 3 times at 35°C as much as that at 25°C. 2) Egg production rate was lowest at 35°C, being 73%. Daily egg production was also lowest at 35°C, but food efficiency for egg production, was highest at 35°C, being 61%. 3) Excluding abnormal eggs, net efficiency for egg production was highest at 32.5°C, being 53%, but being 42% at 35°C. Appearing rate of abnormal eggs was attained to 31% at 35°C. Comparing 25°C with 32.5°C, the latter temperature regime had by 15% higher food converting efficiency. The reason for the highest food converting rate for egg production at 32.5°C was discussed

Stripe formation: A quantum critical point for cuprate superconductors

We discuss the effects of a quantum critical point located nearby optimum doping and related to local charge segregation (stripe phase). The fluctuations in the critical region produce at the same time a strong pairing mechanism and a non-Fermi liquid behavior in the normal phase above the superconducting critical temperature. Superconductivity is a stabilizing mechanism against charge ordering, i.e. the incommensurate charge density wave quantum critical point is unstable with respect to superconductivity. A complete scenario for the cuprates is presented.Comment: Proceedings of the Cape Cod Conference on "Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors, SNS 97", to appear on J. Phys. and Chem. of Solid

Scaling Microseismic Cloud Shape During Hydraulic Stimulation Using In Situ Stress and Permeability

Forecasting microseismic cloud shape as a proxy of stimulated rock volume may improve the design of an energy extraction system. The microseismic cloud created during hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs is known empirically to extend in the general direction of the maximum principal stress. However, this empirical relationship is often inconsistent with reported results, and the cloud growth process remains poorly understood. This study investigates microseismic cloud growth using data obtained from a hydraulic stimulation project in Basel, Switzerland, and explores its correlation with measured in situ stress. We applied principal component analysis to a time series of microseismicity for macroscopic characterization of microseismic cloud growth in two- and three-dimensional space. The microseismic cloud, in addition to extending in the general direction of maximum principal stress, expanded in the direction of intermediate principal stress. The orientation of the least microseismic cloud growth was stable and almost identical to the minimum principal stress direction. Further, microseismic cloud shape ratios showed good agreement when compared with in situ stress magnitude ratios. The permeability tensor estimated from microseismicity also provided a good correlation in terms of direction and magnitude with the microseismic cloud growth. We show that in situ stress plays a dominant role by controlling the permeability of each existing fracture in the reservoir fracture system. Consequently, microseismic cloud growth can be scaled by in situ stress as a first-order approximation if there is sufficient variation in the orientation of existing faults

Ferromagnetism and large negative magnetoresistance in Pb doped Bi-Sr-Co-O misfit-layer compound

Ferromagnetism and accompanying large negative magnetoresistance in Pb-substituted Bi-Sr-Co-O misfit-layer compound are investigated in detail. Recent structural analysis of (Bi,Pb)${}_2$Sr${}_{3}$Co${}_2$O${}_9$, which has been believed to be a Co analogue of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta}$, revealed that it has a more complex structure including a CoO${}_2$ hexagonal layer [T. Yamamoto {\it et al.}, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. {\bf 39} (2000) L747]. Pb substitution for Bi not only introduces holes into the conducting CoO${}_2$ layers but also creates a certain amount of localized spins. Ferromagnetic transition appears at $T$ = 3.2 K with small spontaneous magnetization along the $c$ axis, and around the transition temperature large and anisotropic negative magnetoresistance was observed. This compound is the first example which shows ferromagnetic long-range order in a two-dimensional metallic hexagnonal CoO${}_2$ layer.Comment: 8 pages including eps figures. To be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Pseudogap and Conduction Dimensionalities in High-T_c Superconductors

The nature of normal state charge-carriers' dynamics and the transition in conduction and gap dimensionalities between 2D and 3D for YBa_2 Cu_3 O_{7-delta} and Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca_{1-x} Y_x Cu_2 O_8 high-T_c superconductors were described by computing and fitting the resistivity curves, rho(T,delta,x). These were carried out by utilizing the 2D and 3D Fermi liquid (FL) and ionization energy (E_I) based resistivity models coupled with charge-spin (CS) separation based t-J model [Phys. Rev. B 64, 104516 (2001)]. rho(T,delta,x) curves of Y123 and Bi2212 samples indicate the beginning of the transition of conduction and gap from 2D to 3D with reduction in oxygen content (7-delta) and Ca^{2+} (1-x) as such, c-axis pseudogap could be a different phenomenon from superconductor and spin gaps. These models also indicate that the recent MgB_2 superconductor is at least not Y123 or Bi2212 type.Comment: To be published in Physica