Sensitiivisyys ja yhteisöllisyys seksuaalikasvatuksessa : Aikuisten miesten näkökulma

Seksuaalikasvatusta kuvaillaan opinnäytteessä kansallisen tason tavoitteiden lähtökohdista. Alueellisen kasvatusvastuun myötä kokonaisvaltaisen seksuaalikasvatuksen ympäristöä tarkastellaan alueellisien toimijoiden kesken. Toimijoita kuvaillaan olemassa olevina resursseina ja yhteistoiminnallisena moniammatillisena verkostona. Opinnäytetyö antaa positiivisen kuvan kokonaisvaltaisesta seksuaalikasvatuksesta, se ei arvioi tai kartoita alueellista tilannetta. Lukija voi itse määritellä tilannekatsauksen omalla näkökulmallaan alueellisessa ja kokonaisvaltaisessa seksuaalikasvatuksen toteutuksessa. Yhteistoiminnallinen kasvatusverkosto voi käsittää jo olemassa olevia toimintamalleja. Opinnäytteen tavoite on esittää toimijaverkostolle ja ammattilaisille tärkeitä näkökulmia seksuaalikasvatuksesta. Opinnäytteessä huomioidaan kansalliset ja kansainväliset tavoitteen. Lähteiden mukaan korjattavaa Suomessa on. Tämä on avaus keskustelulle avoimemmasta ja läpi elämän kulkevasta kasvatusnäkökulmasta, yhdestä elämämme tärkeimmistä asioista. Elämänkaaresta opinnäyte keskittyy nivelvaiheessa nuoruudesta aikuisuuteen kasvavaan ihmiseen, mutta huomioi seksuaalisuuden käsityksen läpi elämän. Käsitys elämänkaaren mittaisesta seksuaalikasvatuksesta voi olla uusi yhteiskunnassamme. Identiteetin muodostumisessa vaikuttaa niin sosiaalinen ympäristö, kasvatus kuin itsereflektio. Yhtenäinen ja kokonainen näkökulma seksuaalisuudesta ja yhteisöllisyyden voimasta kasvattajana on opinnäytetyön yksi tulos. Aihealueen ja kasvatuksen sensitiivisyys tulee huomioida kasvatus- ja verkostotyössä. Opinnäytetyö osoittaa sensitiivisyyden merkityksen. Sensitiivisyydellä tulee tukea seksuaalista kasvua ja kehittymistä riippumatta iästä tai elämän vaiheesta. Opinnäytteen tulokset osoittaa aikuisten miesten näkemyksen seksuaalikasvatuksen tarpeista tänäpäivänä nuorille.Sexuality education is described this exam at the national level objectives. Regional rearing responsibilities with a comprehensive sexuality education environment as among the regional workers. The actors are described as existing resources and collaborative multi-professional network. The exam gives a positive image of comprehensive sex education opportunities, it does not evaluate or map out the regional situation. The reader can determine itself the state of play in their own point of view of regional and comprehensive sexuality education implementation. Co-operative educational network may include already working models. The exam objective is to bring out the actor in the network and professionals perspective of sexual education with regard to national and international objective in mind. Since, according to sources correct, however, can be said to be in Finland, this is the opening of a more open debate and through life passing from the holistic perspective of one of the most important educational issues of our lives. As life cycle exam focuses on the transition from adolescence to adulthood grow to humans, but recognice sexuality through the understanding of life. The perception of life-long arc of sexuality education can be a new society. The formation of identity affects both the social environment, education as well self-reflection. A single and a full perspective of sexuality and entry into force of community is one of the results of the exam. From education and sensitivity should be taken into account in the education and the network at work. The thesis demonstrates the importance of sensitivity . Sensitivity must support the sexual growth and development , regardless of age or stage of life . The research shows adult men 's view of sexuality education needs of youths today

Temperature and magnetic field dependences of the elastic constants of Ni-Mn-Al magnetic Heusler alloys

We report on measurements of the adiabatic second order elastic constants of the off-stoichiometric Ni$_{54}$Mn$_{23}$Al$_{23}$ single crystalline Heusler alloy. The variation in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants has been investigated across the magnetic transition and over a broad temperature range. Anomalies in the temperature behaviour of the elastic constants have been found in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transition. Measurements under applied magnetic field, both isothermal and variable temperature, show that the value of the elastic constants depends on magnetic order, thus giving evidence for magnetoelastic coupling in this alloy system.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical the Review

Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on PA6-Derived Adipocytes.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source for cell replacement therapies. Parkinson's disease is one of the candidate diseases for the cell replacement therapy since the motor manifestations of the disease are associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) is the most commonly used method for the dopaminergic differentiation of hESCs. This chapter describes a simple, reliable, and scalable dopaminergic induction method of hESCs using PA6-derived adipocytes. Coculturing hESCs with PA6-derived adipocytes markedly reduces the variable outcomes among experiments. Moreover, the colony differentiation step of this method can also be used for the dopaminergic induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and NTERA2 cells as well

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not enhance intra-synovial tendon healing despite engraftment and homing to niches within the synovium

Intra-synovial tendon injuries display poor healing, which often results in reduced functionality and pain. A lack of effective therapeutic options has led to experimental approaches to augment natural tendon repair with autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) although the effects of the intra-synovial environment on the distribution, engraftment and functionality of implanted MSCs is not known. This study utilised a novel sheep model which, although in an anatomically different location, more accurately mimics the mechanical and synovial environment of the human rotator cuff, to determine the effects of intra-synovial implantation of MSCs

Human Sclera Maintains Common Characteristics with Cartilage throughout Evolution

BACKGROUND: The sclera maintains and protects the eye ball, which receives visual inputs. Although the sclera does not contribute significantly to visual perception, scleral diseases such as refractory scleritis, scleral perforation and pathological myopia are considered incurable or difficult to cure. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of the human sclera as one of the connective tissues derived from the neural crest and mesoderm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have demonstrated microarray data of cultured human infant scleral cells. Hierarchical clustering was performed to group scleral cells and other mesenchymal cells into subcategories. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed similarity between scleral cells and auricular cartilage-derived cells. Cultured micromasses of scleral cells exposed to TGF-betas and BMP2 produced an abundant matrix. The expression of cartilage-associated genes, such as Indian hedge hog, type X collagen, and MMP13, was up-regulated within 3 weeks in vitro. These results suggest that human 'sclera'-derived cells can be considered chondrocytes when cultured ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our present study shows a chondrogenic potential of human sclera. Interestingly, the sclera of certain vertebrates, such as birds and fish, is composed of hyaline cartilage. Although the human sclera is not a cartilaginous tissue, the human sclera maintains chondrogenic potential throughout evolution. In addition, our findings directly explain an enigma that the sclera and the joint cartilage are common targets of inflammatory cells in rheumatic arthritis. The present global gene expression database will contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of developmental diseases such as high myopia

Effect of Grain Boundary Character Distribution on the Impact Toughness of 410NiMo Weld Metal

Grain boundary character distributions in 410NiMo weld metal were studied in the as-welded, first-stage, and second-stage postweld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions, and these were correlated with the Charpy-V impact toughness values of the material. The high impact toughness values in the weld metal in the as-welded and first-stage PWHT conditions compared to that in the second-stage condition are attributed to the higher fraction of low-energy I pound boundaries. A higher volume fraction of retained austenite and coarser martensite after second-stage PWHT accompanied by the formation of the ideal cube component in the 2-hour heat-treated specimen led to a reduction in the toughness value. A subsequent increase in the PWHT duration at 873 K (600 A degrees C) enhanced the formation of {111}aOE (c) 112 >, which impedes the adverse effect of the cubic component, resulting in an increase in the impact toughness. In addition to this, grain refinement during 4-hour PWHT in the second stage also increased the toughness of the weld metal

Identification of RNF213 as a Susceptibility Gene for Moyamoya Disease and Its Possible Role in Vascular Development

もやもや病感受性遺伝子の特定とその機能についての発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2011-7-21.Background Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic vascular disorder of intracranial arteries. Its susceptibility locus has been mapped to 17q25.3 in Japanese families, but the susceptibility gene is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Genome-wide linkage analysis in eight three-generation families with moyamoya disease revealed linkage to 17q25.3 (P<10-4). Fine mapping demonstrated a 1.5-Mb disease locus bounded by D17S1806 and rs2280147. We conducted exome analysis of the eight index cases in these families, with results filtered through Ng criteria. There was a variant of p.N321S in PCMTD1 and p.R4810K in RNF213 in the 1.5-Mb locus of the eight index cases. The p.N321S variant in PCMTD1 could not be confirmed by the Sanger method. Sequencing RNF213 in 42 index cases confirmed p.R4810K and revealed it to be the only unregistered variant. Genotyping 39 SNPs around RNF213 revealed a founder haplotype transmitted in 42 families. Sequencing the 260-kb region covering the founder haplotype in one index case did not show any coding variants except p.R4810K. A case-control study demonstrated strong association of p.R4810K with moyamoya disease in East Asian populations (251 cases and 707 controls) with an odds ratio of 111.8 (P = 10−119). Sequencing of RNF213 in East Asian cases revealed additional novel variants: p.D4863N, p.E4950D, p.A5021V, p.D5160E, and p.E5176G. Among Caucasian cases, variants p.N3962D, p.D4013N, p.R4062Q and p.P4608S were identified. RNF213 encodes a 591-kDa cytosolic protein that possesses two functional domains: a Walker motif and a RING finger domain. These exhibit ATPase and ubiquitin ligase activities. Although the mutant alleles (p.R4810K or p.D4013N in the RING domain) did not affect transcription levels or ubiquitination activity, knockdown of RNF213 in zebrafish caused irregular wall formation in trunk arteries and abnormal sprouting vessels. Conclusions/Significance We provide evidence suggesting, for the first time, the involvement of RNF213 in genetic susceptibility to moyamoya disease

Daidzein Prevents the Increase in CD4+CD28null T Cells and B Lymphopoesis in Ovariectomized Mice: A Key Mechanism for Anti-Osteoclastogenic Effect

Estrogen deficiency leads to an upregulation of TNF-α producing T cells and B-lymphopoesis which augments osteoclastogenesis. Estrogen deficiency also increases the population of premature senescent CD4+CD28null T cells which secrete a higher amount of TNF-α thus leading to enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Isoflavonoids like daidzein and genistein are found mostly in soybeans, legumes, and peas. These share structural similarity with 17β-stradiol (E2) and have osteoprotective role. This study explores the effect of daidzein (Daid) on the proliferation of TNF-α producing T cells, premature senescent T cells and B cell lymphopoesis under estrogen deficient conditions. For this study adult Balb/c mice were treated with Daid at 10 mg/kg body weight dose by oral gavage daily post ovariectomy (Ovx). After six weeks animals were autopsied and bone marrow and spleen cells were collected for FACS analysis. Blood serum was collected for ELISA. It was observed that Ovx mice treated with Daid for six weeks show reduction in Ovx induced expansion of CD4+ T cells in bone marrow and spleen when analysed by flow cytometry. Estrogen deficiency led to increased prevalence of TNF-α secreting CD4+CD28null T cells, however, treatment with Daid increased the percentage of CD4+CD28+ T cells. Co-culture of CD4+CD28null T cells and bone marrow resulted in enhanced osteoclastogenesis as evident by increased tartarate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression, an osteoclast marker. However, treatment with Daid resulted in reduced osteoclastogenesis in CD4+CD28null T cells and bone marrow cell co-culture. Daid also regulated B lymphopoesis and decreased mRNA levels of RANKL in B220+ cells. Taken together, we propose that one of the mechanisms by which Daid prevents bone loss is by reversing the detrimental immune changes as a result of estrogen deficiency