Historical representation in the age of lost innocence: a study of Bernardo Bertolucci's and Gilbert Adair's adaptations of The Holy Innocents

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteThis research discusses the representation of French youth's culture in the late 60's in a postmodern context of critical debates, through a comparative analysis between Gilbert Adair's novel The Holy Innocents (1988), its filmic adaptation The Dreamers (2003) by Bernardo Bertolucci and Adair's second version of his novels The Dreamers (2004). Through the theoretical framework of Fredric Jameson's interpretation of art as a capital product and Linda Hutcheon's concept of historiographical metafiction, the analysis shall demonstrate that these texts represent the historical context of the May 68 uprise through a combination of nostalgia and irony. This combination results in a postmodern contradiction which indicates a need to revise history from a contemporary perspective in which longing and distance are two main issues. In this sense, historical representation becomes more than a view of the past, it is also a reflection on the postmodern context.Esta pesquisa discute a representação histórica da cultura francesa jovem no final da década de 60 em um contexto pós-moderno de debates críticos, por meio de uma análise comparativa entre o romance de Gilbert Adair, The Holy Innocents (1988), sua adaptação fílmica, The Dreamers (2003), de Bernardo Bertolucci e a sua segunda versão do romance de Adair The Dreamers (2004). Como quadro teórico, essa pesquisa utiliza a interpretação de Fredric Jameson da arte como um produto capital e o conceito de Linda Hutcheon de metaficção historiográfica. Em vista disso, a análise deve demonstrar que estes textos representam o contexto histórico do movimento francês Maio de 1968, por meio de uma combinação entre nostalgia e ironia. Essa combinação resulta em uma contradição pós-moderna, que revela uma necessidade de revisar a história por meio de uma perspectiva contemporânea em que falta e distanciamento são dois tópicos principais. Neste sentido, a representação histórica se torna mais do que uma visão do passado, ela também é uma reflexão sobre o contexto pósmoderno

The question of time in science fiction films: an investigation on modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism(?)

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2016.Abstract : Time is a hard-to-define concept in its most fundamental aspects. Different from space, to which it is commonly associated, time cannot be physically grasped, although we do try to measure it. What does not stop it from being simply ubiquitous, since we cannot escape or ignore it. The representation of time in fiction reflects its own social period. Having this in mind, this research understands that time has assumed different meanings in distinct contexts, since it reveals itself as a product of its historical times. Within this, the objective of this dissertation is to investigate time in times of change, understanding how the transitions and intersections of the Modern, Post-Modern and yet without a proper name Post-Postmodern periods affect the concept of time in film production, specifically in science fiction films. This dissertation analyzes science fiction films, since they seem to present a more conflicting and marked tendency in relation to time. Metropolis marks the modernist period with its notion of linear and futuristic time, strongly attached to an idea of industrial capitalism, in which the rhythm of the production conditions the workers. Blade Runner and Twelve Monkeys present a post-modern nostalgic vision of the future with a fragmented time, constructed through the character?s search of a past and identity. Lastly, Source Code and Interstellar seem to join a notion of digital cinema and time, proposing a more flexible temporality. In this last idea, space and time also influence one?s existence, that changes his/her ontology and starts existing in other realities and dimensions.Tempo é um conceito difícil em seus aspectos mais fundamentais. Diferente do conceito de espaço, ao qual ele é comumente associado, o tempo não pode ser fisicamente apanhado, apesar de tentarmos medi-lo. O que não impede que ele seja simplesmente ubíquo, pois não podemos escapar dele ou ignorá-lo. A representação do tempo em ficção reflete seu tempo social. Com isso em mente, essa pesquisa entende que o tempo tem assumido significados diferentes em contextos distintos, uma vez que se revela como um produto de seu tempo histórico. Em vista disso, o objetivo principal dessa tese é investigar o tempo em tempos de mudança, ao entender como as transições e intersecções dos períodos Moderno, Pós-moderno e o ainda sem nome definitivo Pós-Pósmoderno afetam o conceito de tempo na produção fílmica, especificamente em filmes de ficção científica. Essa dissertação analisa filmes de ficção científica, uma vez que eles parecem apresentar uma tendência mais conflituosa e marcante em relação ao tempo. Metropolis marca o período modernista com sua noção de tempo linear e futurista, fortemente atrelado a uma ideia de capitalismo industrial, em que o ritmo da produção condiciona os trabalhadores. Blade Runner e Twelve Monkeys apresentam uma visão pós-moderna nostálgica do futuro com um tempo fragmentado construído pela busca de passado e identidade dos personagens. Por último, Source Code e Interstellar parecem unir a noção de cinema digital e de tempo, ao propor uma temporalidade mais flexível. Nesta última ideia, espaço e tempo também influenciam na existência do ser, que muda sua ontologia e passa a existir em outras realidades e dimensões

Padrões de controle de crises em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal com ou sem esclerose hipocampal

Objective Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) may present unstable pattern of seizures. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of relapse-remitting seizures in MTLE with (MTLE-HS) and without (MTLE-NL) hippocampal sclerosis. Method We evaluated 172 patients with MTLE-HS (122) or MTLE-NL (50). Relapse-remitting pattern was defined as periods longer than two years of seizure-freedom intercalated with seizure recurrence. Infrequent seizures was considered as up to three seizures per year and frequent seizures as any period of seizures higher than that. Results Thirty-seven (30%) MTLE-HS and 18 (36%) MTLE-NL patients had relapse-remitting pattern (X2, p = 0.470). This was more common in those with infrequent seizures (X2, p < 0.001). Twelve MTLE-HS and one MTLE-NL patients had prolonged seizure remission between the first and second decade of life (X2, p = 0.06). Conclusion Similar proportion of MTLE-HS or MTLE-NL patients present relapse-remitting seizures and this occurs more often in those with infrequent seizures.Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) may present unstable pattern of seizures. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of relapse-remitting seizures in MTLE with (MTLE-HS) and without (MTLE-NL) hippocampal sclerosis. Method: We evaluated 172 pat7327982FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2005/56578-4; 2009/54552-9SEM INFORMAÇÃOPacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial (ELTM) podem apresentar padrão instável de crises epilépticas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar ocorrência de crises remitente-recorrentes em ELTM com (ELTM-EH) e sem (ELTM-NL) esclerose hipocampal. Método: Ava

MicroRNA Hsa-miR-134 is a circulating biomarker for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Epilepsy is misdiagnosed in up to 25% of patients, leading to serious and long-lasting consequences. Recently, circulating microRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers in a number of clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to identify and to validate circulating microRNAs that could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure plasma levels of three candidate microRNAs in two phases of study: an initial discovery phase with 14 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), 13 with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and 16 controls; and a validation cohort constituted of an independent cohort of 65 patients with MTLE and 83 controls. We found hsa-miR-134 downregulated in patients with MTLE (p = 0.018) but not in patients with FCD, when compared to controls. Furthermore, hsa-miR-134 expression could be used to discriminate MTLE patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75. To further assess the robustness of hsa-miR-134 as a biomarker for MTLE, we studied an independent cohort of 65 patients with MTLE, 27 of whom MTLE patients were responsive to pharmacotherapy, and 38 patients were pharmacoresistant and 83 controls. We confirmed that hsa-miR-134 was significantly downregulated in the plasma of patients with MTLE when compared with controls (p < 0.001). In addition, hsa-miR-134 identified patients with MTLE regardless of their response to pharmacotherapy or the presence of MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis. We revealed that decreased expression of hsa-miR-134 could be a potential non-invasive biomarker to support the diagnosis of patients with MTLE.Epilepsy is misdiagnosed in up to 25% of patients, leading to serious and long-lasting consequences. Recently, circulating microRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers in a number of clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to identify and to v124FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)2013/07559-3; 2013/00099-7sem informaçãosem informaçã

The ENIGMA-Epilepsy working group: Mapping disease from large data sets

Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder, with many different constituent conditions characterized by their electro clinical, imaging, and genetic features. MRI has been fundamental in advancing our understanding of brain processes in the epilepsies. Smaller‐scale studies have identified many interesting imaging phenomena, with implications both for understanding pathophysiology and improving clinical care. Through the infrastructure and concepts now well‐established by the ENIGMA Consortium, ENIGMA‐Epilepsy was established to strengthen epilepsy neuroscience by greatly increasing sample sizes, leveraging ideas and methods established in other ENIGMA projects, and generating a body of collaborating scientists and clinicians to drive forward robust research. Here we review published, current, and future projects, that include structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), and that employ advanced methods including structural covariance, and event‐based modeling analysis. We explore age of onset‐ and duration‐related features, as well as phenomena‐specific work focusing on particular epilepsy syndromes or phenotypes, multimodal analyses focused on understanding the biology of disease progression, and deep learning approaches. We encourage groups who may be interested in participating to make contact to further grow and develop ENIGMA‐Epilepsy

Event-based modelling in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrates progressive atrophy from cross-sectional data

OBJECTIVE: Recent work has shown that people with common epilepsies have characteristic patterns of cortical thinning, and that these changes may be progressive over time. Leveraging a large multi-centre cross-sectional cohort, we investigated whether regional morphometric changes occur in a sequential manner, and whether these changes in people with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) correlate with clinical features. METHODS: We extracted regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical brain volumes from T1-weighted (T1W) MRI scans collected by the ENIGMA-Epilepsy consortium, comprising 804 people with MTLE-HS and 1,625 healthy controls from 25 centres. Features with a moderate case-control effect size (Cohen's d≥0.5) were used to train an Event-Based Model (EBM), which estimates a sequence of disease-specific biomarker changes from cross-sectional data and assigns a biomarker-based fine-grained disease stage to individual patients. We tested for associations between EBM disease stage and duration of epilepsy, age of onset and anti-seizure medicine (ASM) resistance. RESULTS: In MTLE-HS, decrease in ipsilateral hippocampal volume along with increased asymmetry in hippocampal volume was followed by reduced thickness in neocortical regions, reduction in ipsilateral thalamus volume and, finally, increase in ipsilateral lateral ventricle volume. EBM stage was correlated to duration of illness (Spearman's ρ=0.293, p=7.03x10-16 ), age of onset (ρ=-0.18, p=9.82x10-7 ) and ASM resistance (AUC=0.59, p=0.043, Mann-Whitney U test). However, associations were driven by cases assigned to EBM stage zero, which represents MTLE-HS with mild or non-detectable abnormality on T1W MRI. SIGNIFICANCE: From cross-sectional MRI, we reconstructed a disease progression model that highlights a sequence of MRI changes that aligns with previous longitudinal studies. This model could be used to stage MTLE-HS subjects in other cohorts and help establish connections between imaging-based progression staging and clinical features

Structural brain abnormalities in the common epilepsies assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study

Progressive functional decline in the epilepsies is largely unexplained. We formed the ENIGMA-Epilepsy consortium to understand factors that influence brain measures in epilepsy, pooling data from 24 research centres in 14 countries across Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia. Structural brain measures were extracted from MRI brain scans across 2149 individuals with epilepsy, divided into four epilepsy subgroups including idiopathic generalized epilepsies (n =367), mesial temporal lobe epilepsies with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE; left, n = 415; right, n = 339), and all other epilepsies in aggregate (n = 1026), and compared to 1727 matched healthy controls. We ranked brain structures in order of greatest differences between patients and controls, by meta-Analysing effect sizes across 16 subcortical and 68 cortical brain regions. We also tested effects of duration of disease, age at onset, and age-by-diagnosis interactions on structural measures. We observed widespread patterns of altered subcortical volume and reduced cortical grey matter thickness. Compared to controls, all epilepsy groups showed lower volume in the right thalamus (Cohen's d = \uc3\ua2 '0.24 to \uc3\ua2 '0.73; P < 1.49 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '4), and lower thickness in the precentral gyri bilaterally (d = \uc3\ua2 '0.34 to \uc3\ua2 '0.52; P < 4.31 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '6). Both MTLE subgroups showed profound volume reduction in the ipsilateral hippocampus (d = \uc3\ua2 '1.73 to \uc3\ua2 '1.91, P < 1.4 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '19), and lower thickness in extrahippocampal cortical regions, including the precentral and paracentral gyri, compared to controls (d = \uc3\ua2 '0.36 to \uc3\ua2 '0.52; P < 1.49 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '4). Thickness differences of the ipsilateral temporopolar, parahippocampal, entorhinal, and fusiform gyri, contralateral pars triangularis, and bilateral precuneus, superior frontal and caudal middle frontal gyri were observed in left, but not right, MTLE (d = \uc3\ua2 '0.29 to \uc3\ua2 '0.54; P < 1.49 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '4). Contrastingly, thickness differences of the ipsilateral pars opercularis, and contralateral transverse temporal gyrus, were observed in right, but not left, MTLE (d = \uc3\ua2 '0.27 to \uc3\ua2 '0.51; P < 1.49 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '4). Lower subcortical volume and cortical thickness associated with a longer duration of epilepsy in the all-epilepsies, all-other-epilepsies, and right MTLE groups (beta, b < \uc3\ua2 '0.0018; P < 1.49 \uc3\u97 10 \uc3\ua2 '4). In the largest neuroimaging study of epilepsy to date, we provide information on the common epilepsies that could not be realistically acquired in any other way. Our study provides a robust ranking of brain measures that can be further targeted for study in genetic and neuropathological studies. This worldwide initiative identifies patterns of shared grey matter reduction across epilepsy syndromes, and distinctive abnormalities between epilepsy syndromes, which inform our understanding of epilepsy as a network disorder, and indicate that certain epilepsy syndromes involve more widespread structural compromise than previously assumed