HAおよびCaTiO_3薄膜コーティングインプラントの骨形成に関する研究

本研究では,現在製品化されているプラズマ溶射法およびフレーム溶射法に代表されるHAコーティング法より薄いコーティング層を作製できる熱分解法を用いて,薄膜コーティングを施したCaTiO_3およびHA試料の表面性状を調べ,インプラント埋入初期におけるウサギ大腿骨の骨形成との関係を検討し,次の結論を得た.1.熱分解法で形成したCaTiO_3およびHA層は,溶射したHA層と比較して薄く密着性が良いことから,剥離やコーティング層の破壊が起こりにくい.2.CaTiO_3およびHAコーティングインプラントでは,純チタンインプラントおよびブラストインプラントと比較してより早期に骨結合が得られた.以上より,熱分解法によるCaTiO_3およびHAコーティングインプラントは早期に骨結合が得られ,補綴物装着までの期問短縮化の可能性が示唆された.Thermal decomposition methods can coat titanium implant ultra-thin CaTiO_3 and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The thickness of HA coating by the thermal decomposition method was thinner than the thickness of commercial HA coated titaniumimplants using plasma spray technique and flame spraying technique. We prepared four different surfaces of titanium implants: the machined titanium surface, the sand-blasted and acid etched surface, the CaTiO_3 surface and the HA surface using thermal decomposition method.The present study examined the implant surface of characteristics by SEM and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis). Eighty implants were placed in forty Japanese white rabbit femers. After 1 and 2 weeks, implants removal torque values were measured and rabbits were sacrificed to examine the bone formation histologically. The results indicated that ultra-thin HA coating by thermal decomposition methods can coat firmer to titanium. Implant coated by thermal decomposition methods was able to osseointegrate at the early stage than the machined titanium surface and the sand-blasted and acid etched surface. These results imply that the use of HA coated implant by thermal decomposition method is able to short the healing period

Evolutionary histories of breast cancer and related clones

乳がん発生の進化の歴史を解明 --ゲノム解析による発がんメカニズムの探索--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-07-28.Tracking the ol' mutation trail: Unraveling the long history of breast cancer formation. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-08-31.Recent studies have documented frequent evolution of clones carrying common cancer mutations in apparently normal tissues, which are implicated in cancer development1, 2, 3. However, our knowledge is still missing with regard to what additional driver events take place in what order, before one or more of these clones in normal tissues ultimately evolve to cancer. Here, using phylogenetic analyses of multiple microdissected samples from both cancer and non-cancer lesions, we show unique evolutionary histories of breast cancers harbouring der(1;16), a common driver alteration found in roughly 20% of breast cancers. The approximate timing of early evolutionary events was estimated from the mutation rate measured in normal epithelial cells. In der(1;16)(+) cancers, the derivative chromosome was acquired from early puberty to late adolescence, followed by the emergence of a common ancestor by the patient’s early 30s, from which both cancer and non-cancer clones evolved. Replacing the pre-existing mammary epithelium in the following years, these clones occupied a large area within the premenopausal breast tissues by the time of cancer diagnosis. Evolution of multiple independent cancer founders from the non-cancer ancestors was common, contributing to intratumour heterogeneity. The number of driver events did not correlate with histology, suggesting the role of local microenvironments and/or epigenetic driver events. A similar evolutionary pattern was also observed in another case evolving from an AKT1-mutated founder. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into how breast cancer evolves

北海道医療大学病院インプラント歯科外来の現状

北海道医療大学病院は,2005年7月1日に設備拡充して,新しくスタートした.今回,我々は,2005年7月から2006年6月の1年間に北海道医療大学病院インプラント歯科外来を受診した患者の実態を調査したので報告する.インプラント歯科外来受診者数は,51名であり,紹介患者は24名で紹介率は47%であった.インプラント手術を施行した患者は,49症例であった.インプラント手術件数は67件であり,インプラント埋入本数は201本であった.入院してインプラント手術を施行した症例は63件であった.麻酔方法は,静脈内鎮静法を併用した症例が多く,62/67症例で92.5%であった.インプラントクリニカルパスに従い,インプラント治療を行っており,患者の満足度と安心感に貢献できた治療が可能になったと考える.また,開業医でもインプラント治療が行われるようになり,それら病院より患者の紹介も増加することが予想され,さらに治療のレベルを向上させ,スタッフの充実を図る必要性が考えられた.Hospital of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido was expanded newly on July 1, 2005 and started as a new hospital. At the same time, the facilities and stuff of clinical department of implant dentistry were strengthened remarkably. In late years, the enlightenment spread to patients, who were lost of the teeth, to implant treatment spreads, and come to have a large the expectation degree of the patients. At this time, we have reported having a medical examination status of the implant patients from July, 2005 to June, 2006. We present Hospital of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Clinical department of implant dentistry outpatient this time between one year of June, 2006 since July, 2005 because the reality of the patient who had a checkup was investigated. Clinical department of implant dentistry examination several were 51 patients, and the introduction patient was 24 patients, and the introduction rate was 47%. Patient who performed implant operation was 49 cases. Case of Implant operation was 67 cases, and implant installed numbers were 201 fixtures. The case that the patients was hospitalized, and performed implant operation was 63 cases. There was much case that used with the intravenous sedation, and the anesthesia cases were 92.5% in 62/67 cases. An implant clinical path is followed, and an implant treatment is being done, and it is thought that satisfaction of the patient and the treatment that were able to contribute to a feeling of relief were enabled. In addition, did an implant treatment with a practicing physician, and that introduction of the patient from the hospital increased was expected, and a more therapeutic level was improved, and necessity to plan substantiality of staff was thought about

早期負荷インプラント用カスタムトレーについて

This clinical report discusses a custom made tray used for fabrication of the superstructure of early load implants. The activities of the dental technician impressions and bite taking simultaneously in implant operations. The results of the observations led to the manufacture of a custom made tray with a duplicate denture made from the full denture used. The bite-seating impression was performed with the custom made tray, and the superstructure was installed in four treatment days. The progress is excellent, and the patient expresses satisfaction with the result. As a result of this study, it was possible to made the bite-seating impression by the full denture in use. After the operation, the superstructure could be made in a short time. Only very small adjustments of the vertical dimension and horizontal position were necessary because the custom made tray made from a duplicate denture

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

画像誘導システム(IGI)を用いた口腔インプラント手術

In recent years, as the needs for the dental implant treatment needs, dental implant therapy has been demanded of oral rehabilitation, esthetic restorations, and improvement QOL more highly. Image guided implantation system (IGI) is able to archive the highest level of accuracy when performing dental implant surgery by sophisticated planning software and real time navigation. IGI was introduced to implant special outpatient on dental and internal medicine clinic health sciences university of Hokkaido in 2005. We reports that some cases by IGI were experienced. As the result, IGI allowed safety invasive surgery with enhanced accuracy and efficiency and shorter operation time than past surgery methods

Using the Oral Assessment Guide to Predict the Onset of Pneumonia in Residents of Long-Term Care and Welfare Facilities: A One-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Appropriate oral health care, depending on oral assessments, reduces the onset of pneumonia. However, the relationship between risk evaluation using an oral assessment tool and pneumonia in residents of long-term care facilities has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aim to examine the relationship between the total scores of the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) and the incidence of pneumonia after a one-year baseline study of residents in long-term care facilities. The settings for sampling include nine long-term care facilities in Hokkaido. At baseline, there were 267 study subjects. A total of 72 individuals dropped out and 11 individuals met the exclusion criteria. Therefore, the subject sample included 184 individuals. Among the subjects included in our analyses, eight individuals developed pneumonia (six males and two females). A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with the risk factors for developing pneumonia. Evaluations were performed based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We observed that the OR for pneumonia onset was 2.29 (CI: 1.27–4.14) after being adjusted for pneumonia risk factors. Therefore, it was suggested that the total scores of the OAG could be used to screen for the risk of pneumonia onset in residents of long-term care and welfare facilities