Phase I Study of the Bifunctional Fusion Protein Bintrafusp Alfa in Asian Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors, Including a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Safety‐Assessment Cohort

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明治中～後期山村の生業と地域ネットワーク : 旧秋田藩領荒瀬村肝煎・湊家文書の解題と翻刻

The objective of this paper is to publicize the republication of the Minatoke Monjo archives and, based on analysis of these archives, to elucidate the historical development of livelihoods in mountain villages in the midto late-Meiji Era. In the Arase village (upper reaches of the Ani river in Akita Prefecture), which is the field site for this study, there are a number of influential families known as oyakata ("bosses"). In addition to one oyakata family, the Minato family, that lives in the central area of the village known as arase-honson, there are oyakata who live scattered in hamlets surround the village (called shigo-buraku). In this study, we analyzed the role played by oyakata with respect to the local livelihoods from the late 1880s to the late 1890s. The following main points were yielded by the study: First, during this period, although a small number of oyakata were engaged in the production of forest products, the scale of this production was decreasing. Some oyakata started coal mines and business supplying the coal to mines. Second, in the late 1880s to late 1890s, the oyakata established full-scale mining operations of their own. These oyakata formed long-distance relationships with influential individuals in distant villages in intermediate and downstream reaches of the Ani River and created opportunities to earn money in the village. Third, in the early 1900s, the oyakata in Arase village formed cooperative networks, and in line with national government policy, began engaging in new livelihood activities such as sake brewing and horse breeding. They promoted the development of horse breeding operations by, for example, establishing a system for collective ownership of horses imported from abroad. In this manner, oyakata families brought about changes in local livelihoods and played an important role by facilitating the smooth introduction of new livelihoods. They developed both far-reaching networks and territorial relationships.本論文は、2015～2018年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（B））「東北型社会の特質に関する史的研究：地域資源の開発・管理・利用との関係を重視して」（課題番号15H04560、研究代表者加藤衛拡）、2017～2018年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（B））「パレオフォレストリーに基づく日本海地域のスギの成立および変遷要因の解明」（課題番号17H03838、研究代表者志知幸治）による成果の一部である

FABP7 expression in normal and stab-injured brain cortex and its role in astrocyte proliferation

Reactive gliosis, in which astrocytes as well as other types of glial cells undergo massive proliferation, is a common hallmark of all brain pathologies. Brain-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7) is abundantly expressed in neural stem cells and astrocytes of developing brain, suggesting its role in differentiation and/or proliferation of glial cells through regulation of lipid metabolism and/or signaling. However, the role of FABP7 in proliferation of glial cells during reactive gliosis is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of FABP7 in mouse cortical stab injury model and also the phenotype of FABP7-KO mice in glial cell proliferation. Western blotting showed that FABP7 expression was increased significantly in the injured cortex compared with the contralateral side. By immunohistochemistry, FABP7 was localized to GFAP+ astrocytes (21% of FABP7+ cells) and NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (62%) in the normal cortex. In the injured cortex there was no change in the population of FABP7+/NG2+ cells, while there was a significant increase in FABP7+/GFAP+ cells. In the stab-injured cortex of FABP7-KO mice there was decrease in the total number of reactive astrocytes and in the number of BrdU+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice. Primary cultured astrocytes from FABP7-KO mice also showed a significant decrease in proliferation and omega-3 fatty acid incorporation compared with wild-type astrocytes. Overall, these data suggest that FABP7 is involved in the proliferation of astrocytes by controlling cellular fatty acid homeostasis

Shallow ice coring and borehole casing at Dome Fuji Station, East Antarctica

A Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica has been conducted by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) since 1992. Shallow ice coring of 112m in depth and casing of its borehole at Dome Fuji Station were carried out in December 1993 and January 1994 by JARE-34. The characteristics of snow densification showed similar features to those on Mizuho Plateau. The penetration rate of ice cutting can potentially provide useful information of physical properties of ice

Activities of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expedetion in 1999 (JAGE 1999) (report)

To reconstruct climatic and environmental changes in Svalbard in the past several hundred years, an ice core was drilled on the summit of Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard (79°50′N, 24°00′E, 750m a. s. l.) to a depth of 289m in May 1999 by a Japan-Norway cooperative project. Ice core stratigraphy measurement, digital camera recording of the ice core, and measurements of bulk density and electrical conductivity of ice (ECM) were conducted in situ. Snow pit observations were carried out at three different sites. Fresh falling snow, drifting snow and surface hoar were sampled

A primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the liver treated with R-CHOP regimen

　A 78-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital after experiencing black feces. No abnormal finding was detected in the endoscopic examination of his stomach and large intestines. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a tumor lesion in the right lobe of the liver. A needle biopsy of the tumor under ultrasound guidance was performed. A pathological examination of the biopsy specimen showed a diffuse proliferation of lymphoma cells, which was compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-CT demonstrated increased FDG uptake only in the liver tumor. We made the diagnosis of primary DLBCL of the liver. After six cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP), the patient achieved complete remission and has maintained remission for 2 years since the diagnosis. The R-CHOP regimen might be effective therapy for primary DLBCL of the liver