9 research outputs found

    Migrations et urbanisation au sud du Sahara: quels impacts sur les politiques de population et de développement?

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    La première phase du" Programme Population, Migrations, Urbanisation et Développement" du CODESRIA a été intitulée: Population et développement en Afrique". Les travaux effectués dans ce cadre ont été rassemblés dans un livre édité par Edi Jemaï coordonnateur du projet. Le livre publié dans la présente" Série des livres du CODESRIA", aborde le développement économique et social à partir de problèmes démographiques précis. Ainsi, a-t-il été articulé autour de trois thèmes principaux à savoir: celui des migrations internes et internationales en relation avec le phénomène de colonisation des terres en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana, au Burkina Faso, au Nigéria et au Sénégal; celui des interactions de la croissance démographique et de la croissance économique en Afrique, et le dernier thème consacré à la mortalité en rapport avec le développement économique. Le présent ouvrage est le produit de la deuxième phase du programme du CODESRIA sus-mentionné, à travers le projet intitulé: Politique de population, migrations, urbanisation et crise des zones rurales en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. En effet, dans le cadre de ce projet, au départ, douze équipes pluridisciplinaires de chercheurs africains ont été constituées pour travailler entre octobre 1986 et juillet 1989 dans onze pays: Burundi, Centre Afrique, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Lesotho, Mali, Nigéria, Sénégal, Sierra Léone, Tanzanie et Zambie

    Arthropathies Microcristallines : à Propos de 150 Cas au Sénégal

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    Objectif : DĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2015 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critères en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de CCA et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. Les cas de goutte Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 92 hommes (86,79%) et 14 femmes (13,21%), d’âge moyen de 55,72 ans (extrĂŞme entre 31 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique Ă©tait en moyenne de 11,17 ans (extrĂŞme entre 3 jours et 40 ans). L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique. Les cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 31 femmes (83,8%) et 6 hommes (16,2%) d’âge moyen de 69,05 ans (extrĂŞme entre 59 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostic Ă©tait de 10,46 ans (extrĂŞme entre 1 et 26 ans). Les cas de rhumatisme apatitique Ă©taient constituĂ©s uniquement de femme jeune dont l’âge moyen Ă©tait de 32 ans (extrĂŞme entre 29 et 34 ans). Conclusion: L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂŞtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂą elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vère. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of microcrystalline arthropathies in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2015 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathy: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of CCA and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. Cases of gout were observed in 92 men (86.79%) and 14 women (13.21%), with a mean age of 55.72 years (extreme between 31 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was on average 11.17 years (extreme between 3 days and 40 years). Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors. The cases of articular chondrocalcinosis were observed in 31 women (83.8%) and 6 men (16.2%) with a mean age of 69.05 years (extreme between 59 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was 10.46 years (extreme between 1 and 26 years). The cases of apatitic rheumatism consisted only of young women whose average age was 32 years (extreme between 29 and 34 years). Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    Arthropathies Microcristallines : à Propos de 150 Cas au Sénégal

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    Objectif : DĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2015 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critères en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de CCA et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. Les cas de goutte Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 92 hommes (86,79%) et 14 femmes (13,21%), d’âge moyen de 55,72 ans (extrĂŞme entre 31 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique Ă©tait en moyenne de 11,17 ans (extrĂŞme entre 3 jours et 40 ans). L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique. Les cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 31 femmes (83,8%) et 6 hommes (16,2%) d’âge moyen de 69,05 ans (extrĂŞme entre 59 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostic Ă©tait de 10,46 ans (extrĂŞme entre 1 et 26 ans). Les cas de rhumatisme apatitique Ă©taient constituĂ©s uniquement de femme jeune dont l’âge moyen Ă©tait de 32 ans (extrĂŞme entre 29 et 34 ans). Conclusion: L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂŞtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂą elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vère. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of microcrystalline arthropathies in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2015 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathy: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of CCA and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. Cases of gout were observed in 92 men (86.79%) and 14 women (13.21%), with a mean age of 55.72 years (extreme between 31 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was on average 11.17 years (extreme between 3 days and 40 years). Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors. The cases of articular chondrocalcinosis were observed in 31 women (83.8%) and 6 men (16.2%) with a mean age of 69.05 years (extreme between 59 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was 10.46 years (extreme between 1 and 26 years). The cases of apatitic rheumatism consisted only of young women whose average age was 32 years (extreme between 29 and 34 years). Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    Arthropathies Microcristallines: à Propos de 150 cas a Sénégal

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    Objectif : Les arthropathies microcristallines sont classiquement considĂ©rĂ©es comme rares en Afrique sub-saharienne oĂą la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes porte sur la goutte. L’objectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2016 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critères en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. L’âge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 58,12 ± 14,12 ans avec des extrĂŞmes entre 31 et 91 ans. Quatre-vingt-douze (86,79%) patients atteints de goutte Ă©taient des hommes et trente et un patients (83,8%) atteints de CCA Ă©taient des femmes. Le dĂ©lai diagnostique moyen des patients atteints d’arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait de 10,71±8,07 ans. La prĂ©sentation clinique des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait polyarticulaire (63 ; 42%), oligoarticulaire (48 ; 32%) et monoarticulaire (35 ; 23,3%) des cas. Les genoux et les chevilles Ă©taient les articulations les plus touchĂ©es avec respectivement 40,7 et 20,7% des cas. L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique tel que l’obĂ©sitĂ© et la dyslipidĂ©mie avec respectivement 39,62 et 37,74 % des cas.  Conclusion : L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂŞtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂą elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vère. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Microcrystalline arthropathies are classically considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of studies focus on gout. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile of cases of microcrystalline arthropathy in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2016 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathies: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of articular chondrocalcinosis and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. The average age of patients was 58.12 ± 14.12 years with extremes between 31 and 91 years. Ninety-two (86.79%) patients with gout were male and thirty-one (83.8%) patients with CCA were female. The average diagnostic delay of patients with microcrystalline arthropathies was 10.71 ± 8.07 years. The clinical presentation of microcrystalline arthropathies was polyarticular (63; 42%), oligoarticular (48; 32%) and monoarticular (35; 23.3%) of the cases. The knees and ankles were the most affected joints with respectively 40.7 and 20.7% of cases. Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity and dyslipidemia with respectively 39.62 and 37.74% of cases. Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

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    INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

    Vivre et penser le SIDA en Afrique

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    The contributions selected have been reordered in three main groups, whose titles only partly reflect the titles of the themes that had been set forth initially. 1. Methodological and disciplinary issues. Importance of disciplinary questionings for understanding AIDS. 2. Social constructions and implications of AIDS. 3. Social sciences, support and prevention of AIDS

    Association syndrome de Sjögren et spondyloarthrites : étude de 40 observations au service de rhumatologie de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen de Conakry, Guinée: Association of Sjögren’s syndrome and spondylitis: study of 40 observations in the rheumatology department of the Ignace Deen national hospital in Conakry

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    Context and objective. The coexistence of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) is scarce in Subsaharan Africa. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of this association. Methods. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Rheumatology Department of the Ignace DĂ©en CHU (Conakry, Guinea) over a period of 2 years between January 2017 and December 2019. The diagnosis of SS was retained in accordance with the American-European Consensus Criteria (CETA). The diagnosis of SpA met the criteria for Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS). Results. Forty observations of Sjögren’s syndrome associated with spondyloarthritis were collected with a mean age of 49 years with extremes at 23 and 66 years, 32 (80 %) patients were women. Inflammatory low back pain was found in 55 % of cases, dry mouth in 85% of cases. HLA-B 27 phenotyping was performed in 29 patients, 16 patients were HLA B27 positive (40 %) while anti SSA / SSB antibodies were performed in 28 patients, 12 (30 %) had anti SSA / SSB positive. Sacroiliitis was present in 30 (75%) patients. The accessory salivary gland biopsy showed grades III / IV according to the Chisholm and Masson classification in 33 (82%) cases. Conclusion. The combination of SpA and SS is rare. It is more frequent in women (80%). The systematic search for sicca syndrome in SpA could make the diagnosis easier and the characterization of the group of patients better in subsaharan Africa. Contexte et objectif. La coexistence du syndrome de Sjögren (SS) et de la spondyloarthrite (SpA) est exceptionnelle en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques et paracliniques de cette association. MĂ©thode. Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude documentaire couvrant la pĂ©riode de janvier 2017 Ă  decembre 2019, rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Ignace DĂ©en. Le diagnostic de SS Ă©tait retenu en accord avec les critères de consensus Americano European. Le diagnostic de SpA rĂ©pondait aux critères d’ASAS. RĂ©sultats. Quarante observations de syndrome de Sjögren associĂ© au spondyloarthrites ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©es d’âge moyen de 49 ans avec des extrĂŞmes (23 et 66 ans), 32 (80%) des patients Ă©taient des femmes. La sècheresse buccale Ă©tait rencontrĂ©e dans 85% des cas. Seize patients sur 29 Ă©taient HLA B27 positifs (55,17%) tandis que les anticorps anti SSA/SSB Ă©taient rĂ©alisĂ©s chez 28 patients, 12 (30%) avaient les antis SSA/SSB positifs. Une sacro-iliite Ă©tait prĂ©sente chez 30 (75%) patients. La biopsie des glandes salivaires accessoires montrait les grades III/IV selon la classification de Chisholm et Masson dans 33 (82%) des cas. Conclusion. L’association SpA et SS est rare. Elle est plus frĂ©quence chez les femmes (80%). La recherche systĂ©matique du syndrome sec au cours des SpA pourrait rendre le diagnostic plus facile et permettre de mieux caractĂ©riser ce groupe de patient en Afrique subsaharienne

    Panorama Des Maladies Rhumatismales A Conakry

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    Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of rheumatic diseases in hospital consultation at the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry (Guinea). Patients and methods: We used a cross-sectional study of participant seen in rheumatologic consultation between November 1, 2016 and November 30, 2017 at the Rheumatology Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry (Guinea). Rheumatic diseases were diagnosed according to the rigorous criteria. Results: We collected 1038 patients including 679 women (65.41%). The mean age of the patients was 49.88 ± 17.47 years with range of 5 and 93 years. Degenerative pathology (644 cases, 62.04%), chronic inflammatory rheumatism and connective tissue diseases (252 cases, 24.27%), periarticular pathology and canal syndromes (91 cases, 8.76%), microcrystalline arthropathies (49 cases, 4.72%), osteopathies (45 cases, 4.33%), and infectious diseases (16 cases, 1.54%) were the main disorders observed during study period. Conclusion: Most of the rheumatic diseases described in the literature have been found. The particuliarity was the relative frequency of inflammatory rheumatism and fracture osteoporosis. However, the further epidemiological studies would be needed to confirm these data

    Abstracts of the 1st International Colloquium in Mine & Society

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    This book presents the abstracts of the selected contributions to the First International Colloquium on Mines and Society (CIMS) organized by The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Boke. The theme of this colloquium was "Mining and Sustainable Development, a major challenge for an Emerging Africa" which aims to bring together teachers, researchers, and Professionals from different backgrounds in order to exchange the results of their research work, share their points of view on the issue of mining and sustainable development. It also aims to define, in a collaborative and inclusive manner, research prospects or future projects between all the actors involved in this field. Colloquium Title: 1st International Colloquium in Mine & SocietyTheme: Mining and Sustainable Development, A Major Challenge for an Emerging AfricaColloquium Date: 20-22 May 2022Colloquium Location: A L’Hôtel Rio Nunez de BokeColloquium Organizer: The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Bok
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