Prudence even beyond other women : the rhetorical maneuvers of Elizabeth I

Elizabeth Tudor (1533-1603) did not set out to better the status of women; as queen, she wanted to neither overturn nor disrupt the very system that authorized her position. Though later generations have anachronistically read her as a type of protofeminist, she saw herself as trying, within necessary constraints, to fulfill simultaneously her roles as both woman and ruler, which meant fitting into the expectations of her society in order to rule and function. However, her society found the very nature of female rule problematic and contradictory to its vision of the natural order. To accomplish this task, Elizabeth used her extensive Humanist training in rhetoric to turn the stations of woman into a series of socially acceptable metaphors. I argue that rather than wishing to step outside of her gender Elizabeth actually immersed herself in the language of gender the better to subvert expectations and create space for her to rule

The Meat of the Matter: Exploring the Relationship between Environmental Ethics and the Food Choices of Environmental Studies Majors at the University of Vermont

The act of following a certain diet has enormous implications for the environment, with some diets causing significant harm and others causing considerably less. While this difference in environmental impact between diets may not be well known throughout the public, it can safely be assumed that Environmental Studies (ENVS) majors at the University of Vermont (UVM) are well versed in this topic, or at least have some awareness of it, through their course of study and general environmental interest. The fact that many ENVS students adhere to diets that cause more environmental harm than others represents an intriguing paradox that has yet to be closely studied. A survey investigating the extent to which environmental ethics influences students\u27 food choice, as well as what other factors are present in their choice, was administered to all ENVS majors. The results of the survey indicate that environmental ethics does not influence students\u27 food choice or, at least, it does not seem possible to conclude that a clear relationship exists between the two. An analysis of the open text responses, however, reveals that other values are common across diets, suggesting that, while environmental ethics does not seem to influence food choice, other values might. Another trend that emerged was that there seems to be a disconnect between the respondents\u27 stated beliefs and their actual behavior. This conclusion was based on the fact that respondents ranked environmental degradation as either first or second most important in their choice across all diets, despite the fact that the environmental impact varies considerably between them. Potential explanations for this finding include the influence of situational factors in the respondents\u27 lives, the existence of ambivalence, and a lack of cogent reasoning

Hearing Related Concerns Among Parkinson’s Patients and Their Care Partners

The goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between self-reported subjective hearing loss and objective measures of hearing in older adults with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), as well as the relationship between self-reported hearing handicap of those with PD and the report of their care partners. Twenty-four individuals, comprised of older adults with PD and their primary care partners, underwent subjective and objective hearing screenings and completed measures of self-reported hearing handicap. Results revealed no significant relationship between the subjective and objective hearing screening results of those with PD, nor any significant relationship between the self-report of hearing handicap as reported by the individual with PD and the report of their care partner. Results support previous research, suggesting that those with PD fail to self-report hearing loss. Results of this study also suggest that the care partners of Parkinsonian adults may be unable to reliably identify the functional manifestations of hearing loss within their significant other. Results of this study therefore support a need for mandated audiological care within the Parkinsonian community in order to identify those affected by the co-morbid presentation of hearing loss and PD, and their care partners. Implications of this study encourage additional research into the relationship of PD and age-related hearing loss

Complete mitochondrial genome of the speckled dace \u3ci\u3eRhinichthys osculus\u3c/i\u3e, a widely distributed cyprinid minnow of western North America

The speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus (order Cypriniformes), also known as the carpita pinta, is a small cyprinid minnow native to western North America. Here, we report the sequencing of the full mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of R. osculus from a male fish collected from the Amargosa River Canyon in eastern California, USA. The assembled mitogenome is 16 658 base pair (bp) nucleotides, and encodes 13 protein-coding genes, and includes both a 12S and a 16S rRNA, 22 tRNAs, and a 985 bp D-loop control region. Mitogenome synteny reflects that of other Ostariophysian fishes with the majority of genes and RNAs encoded on the heavy strand (H-strand) except nd6, tRNA-Gln, tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Asn, tRNA-Cys, tRNA-Tyr, tRNA-Ser, tRNA-Glu, and tRNA-Pro. The availability of this R. osculus mitochondrial genome – the first complete mitogenome within the lineage of Rhinichthys riffle daces – provides a foundation for resolving evolutionary relationships among morphologically differentiated populations of R. osculus

Reality vs. rhetoric: An analysis of the implementation gap in provision of traveller-specific housing in Ireland

This chapter outlines the current legal framework in place in Ireland, which provides for provision of Traveller-specific accommodation, exploring the scope of the Housing (Traveller Accommodation) Act 1998. An analysis of the key provisions of the legislation will then be juxtaposed with the current situation faced by many Irish Travellers in accessing suitable housing. Revealing the significant disparities between what the Act states and how the Act is implemented at a local level. This ‘lived experience’ of many Irish Travellers reflects that implementation of domestic legislation has failed to ensure adequate provision of Traveller-specific housing, resulting in huge disparities between the rhetoric of the relevant legal instruments, and the reality faced by many of the Community. In highlighting this growing implementation gap, the chapter will conclude with analysis of how exactly this gap has occurred and what possible avenues can be pursued to close it

Victim Narratives: A Content Analysis of Metropolitan Newspaper Coverage of High-Profile Oklahoma Criminal Cases with Police Defendants

The rights of the accused and the rights of the free press have often stood at odds. Even when news was simple neighborhood gossip, it posed risk to the rights guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment. As media has evolved, the judicial remedies in place have not. A lack of social science research in this area and complacency in the courts have developed into a lack of preparedness for criminal cases with intensive media coverage. This study examines the concept of victim portrayal as emotionally prejudicial media. This thesis performed a content analysis of two high-profile criminal cases in Oklahoma with similar victims and defendants but different outcomes. The study found victim narrative is positively and significantly correlated to connections with a larger national theme (i.e. police brutality, violence against African-Americans, etc.). These findings suggest the more victim support or victim voice is included in articles, the more often these will be combined with conversations about crime at a national level. Specific to these cases, victim narrative was most often connected to the national theme of police brutality against African-Americans. Surprisingly, the study showed identification of the victim was positively and significantly correlated to criminal history. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the issue of cognitive dissonance created when a police officer commits a crime, as happened in both case studies. It is likely blame is shifted from the accused to the victim, especially in cases where the victims have criminal histories or a history of drug abuse, to reconcile and resolve that cognitive dissonance.Mass Communication

Justifying acts of denialism: The case of prisoner disenfranchisement in the UK

This chapter will explore the case of prisoner disenfranchisement in the United Kingdom (hereinafter UK) as a concrete example of political denialism and human rights. It will explore the basis of denialism and human rights, from two approaches, asking both how and why denialism is perpetrated and justified in the UK. Initially seeking to challenge how the blanket ban on prisoner voting is justified at a domestic level. The paper will then identify why political denialism is contentious within the concrete example that prisoner disenfranchisement provides, determining the conceptual and legal basis and subsequent political support for the prisoner voting ban

O-GLCNACYLATION IS NOT INCREASED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF RATS GIVEN 6 WEEK ACCESS TO SUCROSE SOLUTION DESPITE MARKERS OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION

The peptide hormone leptin acts globally to maintain various metabolic processes. Impaired response to leptin binding is referred to as leptin resistance and results in metabolic dysregulation. Leptin is essential in the prevention of weight gain through central signals to increase energy expenditure and reduce food intake. A sugar sensitive pathway, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), may be the cause of diet induced leptin resistance. The HBP glycosylates proteins by modifying fructose- 6-phosphate molecules from glycolysis. While high sugar diets have been linked to leptin resistance, O-GlcNAcylation of pathway proteins have not been examined. Approximately 8-week-old male rats were assigned to ad libitum access to diet and water or 30% sucrose solution, diet and water. On Day 5 rats were surgically fitted with a third ventricle cannula. On Day 41, diet and sugar solutions were removed for an overnight fast. On Day 42 each rat received a central injection of leptin or control solution and subsequently euthanized 30 minutes post injection. Body weight and body composition were not significantly different between treatment groups after 42 days. However, the Sucrose group exhibited signs of metabolic syndrome, evidenced by increased fasting serum triglycerides and glucose as well as decreased serum HDL. Analysis of hypothalamic O-GlcNAcylation revealed no significant difference between treatment groups. These data may be the result of variability of glucose utilization within the hypothalamus. These data support previous findings that 42-day access to a 30% sucrose solution yields evidence of metabolic syndrome in the absence of obesity as well as the absence of increased hypothalamic OGlcNAcylation. Future research should examine O-GlcNAcylation regionally within the hypothalamus. Analysis of protein specific O-GlcNAcylation was not achieved; however, a novel O-GlcNAcylation was observed in hypothalamic tissue at the Threonine 1808 residue of prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 (LRP-1), a protein that may play a crucial role in leptin signaling. These data give further evidence to support the use of 30% sucrose solution to model leptin resistance in Sprague Dawley rats, as well as provide a target protein for future analysis

Appetite signals in the brain: High fructose corn syrup sweetened cola effects hypothalamic activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been used for over a decade to measure the effects of sugar on the hypothalamus, the appetite-regulating center of the brain. Hypothalamic activity decreases in a dose-dependent manner in response to glucose solution consumption. Fructose elicits an increase in hypothalamic activity. This study aimed to understand the effects of high fructose corn syrup, a combination of glucose and fructose on hypothalamic activity. Fasting blood samples were collected from 8 (4M /4F) healthy adult volunteers who were then fed a standard breakfast and transported to the Maryland Neuroimaging Center. Participants underwent two successive scans. Prior to the first scan participants drank 12 oz. of either cola or water. After the first scan participants received 6 oz. of either cola or water immediately prior to the beginning of the second scan. Treatments were assigned in a Latin square crossover design. Each scan included ~17mins of T2 weighted functional scanning of the hypothalamus (12 mm mid-sagittal slice; echo time: 5ms; repetition time 40ms; flip angle: 40°; FOV: 210 mm; in-plane resolution: 1.6mm X 1.6mm). MANOVA revealed a statistically significant three-way interaction between time, volume and treatment when the model was weighted with either fasting insulin (p<0.0001) or fasting triglycerides (p=0.023). Gender also significantly interacted with time, volume and treatment (p=0.008). Further, age was negatively correlated with overall average hypothalamic signal intensity with volume as well with treatments. Both demographics and metabolites strongly influence hypothalamic response, making it difficult to determine the specific effects of high fructose corn syrup sweetened cola on appetite signals in the hypothalamus